CH: 24.1: Dictators Threaten World Peace

OBJECTIVE: Understand the factors behind the rise of dictators and how they made neutrality problematic.

What were the failures of the Treaty of Versailles?

It humiliated Germany, and it meant to.

Russia was not included. It lost more land than Germany did, leaving it wanting more.

Allies stripped Germany of its colonies, but kept and expanded their own.

EFFECT: Problems of the treaty, combined with the global

depressionand burden of reparations caused Democracies in Europe tocollapse.

Totalitarian dictatorships took their place!!!

THE RISE OF DICTATORS Germany

Hitler : legally appointed chancellor in 1933, burning of the Reichstag

Enabling Act , Scapegoating? Italy

Mussolini: purges of Communists , invasion of Ethiopia

Spain Franco: Guernica, Spanish Civil War

What about Russia and Japan? Stalin and Hidecki Tojo (Emperor Hirohito)

NOTE: I strongly recommend you use the following website:http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/exhibition/flash.html

http://library.usu.edu/Specol/digitalexhibits/masaryk/stalin.html

• Replaced Lenin as leader of the USSR

• “purged” his country of capitalism

• Created state-run farms and factories

• Forced industrialization of the USSR with “Five Year Plans”

• Police state and “purges” caused death of 8 to 13 MILLION.

JOSEPH STALIN

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1BENITO MUSSOLINI Appeals to WWI veterans Advocates a strong,

centralized govt. under a dictator = fascism

Opposed to communism

Formed a militia called “black-shirts”

Seized total control of Italy through force and intimidation

“Il Duce”

http://www.herodote.net/Dossier/Guerre_Espagne.htm

GeneralisimoFrancisco Franco

Totalitarian dictator of Spain

Spanish Civil-War 1936-1939

fought between Fascists and “Republicans” –

a motley group of communists, foreign

volunteers, and opponents of fascism.

TERRIBLE ATROCITIES ON BOTH

SIDES!!!

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Veteran of WWI

Joins the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi)

Extreme Nationalist Purity of the Aryan

raceExpansion of the

German state

Publishes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while in prison

Elected Chancellor in 1933; quickly dissolves Wiemar Republic; declares the Third Reich

ADOLF HITLERHOW DID THE GLOBAL DEPRESSION HELP HITLER??

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Militarists in Japan

Militarists like Tojo in Japan control the Emperor and Japan

Japan wants to expand its empire through Asia and the Pacific

Japan invades Manchuria in 1931

League of Nations condemns the invasion, but does nothing to intervene

Japan’s militarists tighten their control over Japan

Japan launches second invasion of China in 1937

US protests, FDR calls for embargo of Japan

http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/shanghai-baby.jpg

http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~wwu/truth/genocide.shtml

http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~wwu/truth/genocide.shtml

Rape of Nanking – 1937-1938

Aggression in Europe Hitler pulls out of League of Nations in 1933

Hitler re-militarizes Rhineland in 1935 (against Treaty of Versailles)

Germany and Italy form an alliance in 1935 Mussolini invades Ethiopia in 1935

The League protests, but does not act Germany and Italy support Franco in Spain 1936-

1939Spain becomes totalitarian state under Franco

Hitler and Stalin sign non-aggression pact (Aug 1939)

Hitler invades Poland September 1st 1939BR/ FR declare war on GermanyAXIS powers agreement signed (Italy, Germ,

Japan)

American Response Isolationism

1934: Senator Nye’s investigations re: munitions Argues that Arms Dealers pushed US into WWI

Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, & 1937 Outlawed selling arms to nations at war or in

civil war

Decline of armed forces and navy

DID THESEPOLICIES WORK?