whatever happened to manners? reading aloud audiovisual supplements section one: pre-reading...

Whatever Happened to Manners?

Reading aloud Audiovisual supplements

Section One:Pre-reading Activities

Section Two: Global Reading

Section Four: Consolidation Activities

Section Five: Further Enhancement

I. Reading aloud

Read the following sentences aloud, making a pause between sense groups.

1. Do you remember a time / when people were a little nicer, / a little softer, / a little gentler with others?

2. Haven’t you noticed / that the kindest, / most generous people / seem to keep getting prettier?

Section Three:Detailed Reading

Reading aloud

Audiovisual supplements


II. Audiovisual supplements

Watch the film episode and then answer the following questions.

Questions:1. Why do these six people spend this Thanksgiving together?2. Have you had the experience of enjoying Thanksgiving? How

was it going?

Film Episode: Friends

Answers for reference:1. Because everyone’s planned Thanksgiving was spoiled.2. Open.






Reading aloud



CHANDLER:RACHEL:CHANDLER:

ROSS:MONICA:JOEY:PHOEBE:MONICA:PHOEBE:PHOEBE:JOEY:CHANDLER:

Shall I carve?By all means.Ok, who wants light cheese, and who wants dark cheese?I don’t even wanna know about the dark cheese.Does anybody wanna split this with me?Oh, I will.Ooh, you guys have to make a wish.Make a wish?Come on, you know, Thanksgiving.Oh, you got the bigger half. What’d you wish for?The bigger half.All right, I’d like to propose a toast. A little toast here. Ding, ding!






Reading aloud



CHANDLER:

CHANDLER:

ALL OF THEM:ROSS:RACHEL:

I know this isn’t exactly the kind of Thanksgiving that all of you planned, but for me, this has been really great, you know. I think because it didn’t involve divorce, or projectile vomiting.Anyway, I was just thinking, I mean, if you’d gone to Vail … or if you guys’d been with your family, or if you didn’t have … syphilis and stuff, we wouldn’t be all together, you know. So I guess what I’m trying to say is that I’m very thankful that all of your Thanksgivings sucked.That’s so sweet. Thank you!And hey, here’s to a lousy Christmas.And a crappy New Year.






Reading aloud








■

Text introduction Structural analysis



Cultural background

This essay is a piece of argumentation on the necessity and significance of good manners. In the beginning part, the writer puts forward his viewpoint. In the next three paragraphs, the writer raises and proves his opinion. In the last paragraph the writer concludes that good manners are infectious; meanwhile, he expresses his sincere wish for a polite society where everybody would behave politely.

I. Text introduction





Text introduction

Structural analysis


Cultural background

II. Structural analysis

—

—





Paragraphs 2 – 4 In this part, the author tells us that good manners make people stylish, result from inner beauty, and add priceless panache to our image.

Paragraph 1In this part the author states and proves that many people in present times are not as polite as people in the past.


— Paragraphs 5 – 10 In this part, the author states and expounds the great power of some typical good manners he proposes upon those on the receiving end.

— Paragraph 11 The author advances his opinion that good manners are infectious and expresses his sincere wish that everyone would be polite and show good manners.

Text introduction

Structural analysis


Cultural background






Text introduction

Structural analysis



Cultural background

III. Cultural background

Table Manners

1) The Soup Course Dinner usually begins with soup. The

largest spoon at your place is the soup spoon. It will be beside your plate at the right-hand side.





2) The Fish Course If there is a fish course, it will probably

follow the soup. There may be a special fork for the fish, or it may be similar to the meat fork. Often it is smaller.

Text introduction

Structural analysis



Cultural background





3) Helping Yourself and Refusing If a servant passes food around, he will pass the dish in at your

left hand so that you can conveniently serve yourself with your right hand. Never serve yourself while the dish is on your right; it is then the turn of your neighbor on the right. It is polite to take some of everything that is passed to you. But if there is something you may not like, you may quietly say: “No, thank you.”

4) Second Helpings The hostess may or may not ask if you would like a second

helping, according to the formality of the meal. If she does and you accept it, you should pass your plate to her or to the servant with the knife and fork still lying on it.

Text introduction

Structural analysis



Cultural background





5) The Salad Course A salad is eaten with a fork only held in the right hand with points

turned up. There is usually a special one for the salad, a little smaller than the meat fork.

Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer, a little gentler with each other? I certainly do, and I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that. I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from when I first moved here more than 20 years ago: people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying “Thank you.” when others hold a door open for them, or “Please.” when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.








We get lazy, and in our laziness we think that something like a simple “Thank you.” doesn’t really matter. But it can matter very much. The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our homes, or how lovely our dinner parties are, we can’t be truly stylish without good manners.

In fact, I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret. Haven’t you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? They become Cary Grant or Lauren Bacall right before our eyes. It’s funny how that happens, but it does.

Take the long-lost art of saying “Thank you.” Like wearing a little lipstick or making sure your hair is neat, getting into the habit of saying “Thank you.” can make you feel better about yourself, and then you look better to everyone around you. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren







Positive ThankingOf course, saying “Thank you.” does wonders for the person on

the receiving end too. I recently got a thank-you note from a guest who attended a 40th birthday party that Frank and I hosted for Frank’s daughter-in-law. The note was lovely enough, but even lovelier was the fact that the guest had also included a recipe for a dish I’d complimented her on at an earlier gathering. It was a sweet gesture that made me feel terrific and put me in a great mood. What a gift!







but it adds priceless panache to your image.

Many of us know we should write thank-you notes, but we think we don’t have the time or energy. Now, I know we all have busy lives, but I bet the note my guest sent me didn’t take long to write. If you feel like a feel because you’ve put off sending a card, write a note that says, “I should have done this two weeks ago, but I didn’t want to let another day go by without telling you how much I enjoyed your party.” It’s much better than not writing at all.

Magic WordsJust as powerful as a thank-you note is the simple phrase

“Excuse me.” Don’t you just hate it when someone knocks an enormous carry-on bag into your head when he’s barreling down the aisle to board an airplane — and then doesn’t bother to say he’s sorry? But when someone does stop and turn around and genuinely apologizes, doesn’t it melt away most — if not all — of the irritation you felt?







Same for holding the door open for others when you see their hands are full. I’ll even do this for a hotel bellman carrying my luggage. Just because his job is to carry my bags doesn’t mean he doesn’t appreciate a little gesture that makes his life a wee bit easier. And punctuality is not a thing of the past, either. Being on time for lunch dates, for example, shows the person we’re meeting that we value his or her precious time as much as we do our own.

Bringing Manners HomeAnd for heaven’s sake, we shouldn’t forget to use good manners

with our own families. That’s where it counts the most because those are the people we love the most. How lovely it would be to put a card on your spouse’s pillow at night to say “Thank you.” for some dear thing he or she did for you or even just to say “I love you.”







Similarly, bringing home the most insignificant little presents for people you cherish will go a long way. It shows they’re in your thoughts and you want to make them happy. If you’re a husband, how long has it been since you walked in the door with a rose for your wife? Or maybe her favorite candy — even if it’s just a Snickers bar? You’d sure get my attention if you brought me a Snickers! I firmly believe spouses should be gracious about the routine things they expect each other to do. Show that you don’t take the other person for granted. He or she is much more likely to treat you the same way.

Good manners are infectious. Now, if we could just get everyone to catch them!













Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer, a little gentler with each other? I certainly do, and I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that. I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from when I first moved here more than 20 years ago: people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying “Thank you.” when others hold a door open for them, or “Please.” when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.


We get lazy, and in our laziness we think that something like a simple “Thank you.” doesn’t really matter. But it can matter very much. The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our homes, or how lovely our dinner parties are, we can’t be truly stylish without good manners.

In fact, I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret. Haven’t you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? They become Cary Grant or Lauren Bacall right before our eyes. It’s funny how that happens, but it does.

Take the long-lost art of saying “Thank you.” Like wearing a little lipstick or making sure your hair is neat, getting into the habit of saying “Thank you.” can make you feel better about yourself, and then you look better to everyone around you. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren







Positive ThankingOf course, saying “Thank you.” does wonders for the person on

the receiving end too. I recently got a thank-you note from a guest who attended a 40th birthday party that Frank and I hosted for Frank’s daughter-in-law. The note was lovely enough, but even lovelier was the fact that the guest had also included a recipe for a dish I’d complimented her on at an earlier gathering. It was a sweet gesture that made me feel terrific and put me in a great mood. What a gift!







but it adds priceless panache to your image.

Many of us know we should write thank-you notes, but we think we don’t have the time or energy. Now, I know we all have busy lives, but I bet the note my guest sent me didn’t take long to write. If you feel like a feel because you’ve put off sending a card, write a note that says, “I should have done this two weeks ago, but I didn’t want to let another day go by without telling you how much I enjoyed your party.” It’s much better than not writing at all.

Magic WordsJust as powerful as a thank-you note is the simple phrase

“Excuse me.” Don’t you just hate it when someone knocks an enormous carry-on bag into your head when he’s barreling down the aisle to board an airplane — and then doesn’t bother to say he’s sorry? But when someone does stop and turn around and genuinely apologizes, doesn’t it melt away most — if not all — of the irritation you felt?













Same for holding the door open for others when you see their hands are full. I’ll even do this for a hotel bellman carrying my luggage. Just because his job is to carry my bags doesn’t mean he doesn’t appreciate a little gesture that makes his life a wee bit easier. And punctuality is not a thing of the past, either. Being on time for lunch dates, for example, shows the person we’re meeting that we value his or her precious time as much as we do our own.

Bringing Manners HomeAnd for heaven’s sake, we shouldn’t forget to use good manners

with our own families. That’s where it counts the most because those are the people we love the most. How lovely it would be to put a card on your spouse’s pillow at night to say “Thank you.” for some dear thing he or she did for you or even just to say “I love you.”

Similarly, bringing home the most insignificant little presents for people you cherish will go a long way. It shows they’re in your thoughts and you want to make them happy. If you’re a husband, how long has it been since you walked in the door with a rose for your wife? Or maybe her favorite candy — even if it’s just a Snickers bar? You’d sure get my attention if you brought me a Snickers! I firmly believe spouses should be gracious about the routine things they expect each other to do. Show that you don’t take the other person for granted. He or she is much more likely to treat you the same way.

Good manners are infectious. Now, if we could just get everyone to catch them!













… we can’t be truly stylish without good manners.

Paraphrase:

If we do not have polite ways of treating other people and behaving in public, we can’t be truly fashionable and attractive.

没有良好的礼貌我们就不可能真正的时尚。







… I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret.

Paraphrase:

I think of good manners as a sort of beauty secret whose nature can’t be understood and explained.

我认为良好的礼貌是一种内在美的秘方。







Cary Grant

(1904 – 1986) British-born American motion-picture actor, known for his smooth and confident social manner







Lauren Bacall

(1924 – ) American motion-picture and stage actor, known forher beauty and good understanding of the way people behave




… but it adds priceless panache to your image.

Paraphrase:

but a kind, gracious manner makes you look much more stylish and admirable, contributing invaluably to your image

但它能给你的形象增添无比的光彩







If you feel like a feel …

Paraphrase:

If you’d like to know how you would feel when you do write a thank-you note ...

e.g. I feel like a cup of tea.




feel like

Explanation：to have a wish or inclination for

如果你想体验一下写感谢信的感觉




a carry-on bag

Explanation：a bag small or compact enough to be carried aboard an airplane by a passenger

随身携带的小包







And for heaven’s sake …

Explanation:

The phrase for goodness’/Pete’s/heaven’s/pity’s sake can be used when one asks strongly for something.




e.g. For heaven’s sake don’t let her know what I told you!

e.g. For Christ’s sake, turn that music down!

However, the phrase for God’s/Christ’s sake might be considered offensive or taboo by some people, and should be used with care.




You’d sure get my attention …

Explanation:

In American English, surely is often shortened to sure.




e.g. I sure don’t want to be around when Gene finds out what has happened to his car.







get away

1) to succeed in leavingThe meeting dragged on, and I didn’t get away until seven.

The three men got away in a stolen car.3) to avoid something that is difficult or unpleasant, or something that limits what one can do in some way

I remember what a relief it was to get away from home.

e.g.

e.g.

e.g.

2) to escape, especially from the scene of a crime







1) And, indeed, plenty of military personnel are guilty of breaking marital vows and getting away (with, to) it.

Practice:

Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:

with _____2) We’re hoping to get away (with, to) Scotland for a few days.to __

get away to, get away withget away to: to take a holiday away from the place one normally lives get away with: to not be caught or punished when one has done something wrong

Comparison:







elevator n.

e.g. We’ll have to take the elevator.I took the elevator to the 14th floor.

a machine that takes people and goods from one level to another in a building

lift, escalatorlift: British equivalent of elevatorescalator: a set of moving stairs that take people to different levels in a building

Comparison:







1) They took the (escalator, elevator) down to the lower level and the Sunshine café.

Practice:

Fill in the blanks with proper words:

escalator________

2) It was like being in an (escalator, elevator) which suddenly drops from the top of a twenty-storey building to the basement.

elevator________




coworker n.

someone who works with you and has a similar position




e.g. Cannon and his coworkers launched a fierce attack on James.The manual explains what to do if a coworker is injured and in need of medical attention.







wave n.

1) a movement in which one raises one’s arm and move one’s hand from side to side

2) a line of raised water that moves across the surface of the sea

e.g. He dismissed her with a wave of the hand.

e.g. Dee watched the waves breaking on the shore.

a wave of nausea/dizziness/tirednessa wave of terror/fear/panic

Collocation:







Practice:

Translate the following sentences into English: 1) 她的头发自然卷曲。

2) 许多穷人在热浪的袭击中死亡。

She has a natural wave in her hair.

Many poor people died in the attack of heat wave.




appreciation n.

1) pleasure one feels when one realizes something is good, useful, or well done

2) a feeling of being grateful for something someone has done

e.g. It helps children to develop an appreciation of poetry and literature.

e.g. The chairman asked me to express our appreciation of all your hard work.




Derivation:appreciate v. appreciative adj. appreciable adj.

1) We are extremely (appreciative, appreciable) of your friendly advice.







Practice:


appreciative___________

2) There is no (appreciative, appreciable) difference between the two.

appreciable___________







pull out 1) to drive onto a road from another road or from where one has

stopped

2) to drive over to a different part of the road in order to get past a vehicle in front

e.g. Don’t pull out! There’s something coming.

e.g. I pulled out to overtake a bus.

pull over, pull off, pull inpull over: to drive to the side of the road and stop one’s car, or to make someone else do thispull off: to succeed in doing something difficultpull in: if a driver pulls in, they move to the side of the road and stop

Comparison:







1) She pulled to let the ambulance pass.

Practice:


in___

2) The goalkeeper pulled six terrific saves.off____

3) The policeman signaled to him to pull over_____.

to paint the inside of a room, put special paper on the walls, etc.




decorate v.

e.g. The bathroom is decorated in green and yellow.




Derivation:decoration n. decorative adj. decorator n.

1) The only in the room was a picture above the fireplace.

Practice:

Fill in the blanks with proper forms of style:

decoration__________

2) The poem had been embroidered on a pretty pillow.decorative__________




stylish adj.




attractive in a fashionable way

e.g. They will make you look lean, stylish and even sexy.

Derivation:stylishly adv. stylishness n. style n.

1) She was wearing a black woolen dress.

Practice:

Fill in the blanks with proper forms of style:

stylish______

2) The apartments are decorated and furnished, and all have sea views.

stylishly________







gracious adj. behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank

e.g. Mike is the most gracious, helpful, and generous person to work with.This should be a gracious and most enjoyable evening.

Practice:

Translate the following sentences into English: 1) 她态度亲切地欢迎客人。

2) 即便对不速之客也应彬彬有礼。

She welcomed her guests in a gracious manner.

We should be gracious even to unexpected visitors.




set an example

e.g. It is important that parents set an example.

Collocation:set the pattern/tone/trend, etc. (for something)




to establish a way of doing something that is then copied or regarded as good

Practice:Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1) She arrived at the office early, setting a good example to the others.

2) Mary’s courage has set a good example to us all.她提早到办公室，为其他人树立了榜样。

玛丽的勇敢行为为我们大家树立了好榜样。







panache n.a way of doing things that makes them seem easy and exciting, and makes other people admire you

Collocation:

with panache




do wonders for




e.g. Exercise can do wonders for body, mind, and spirit.

to bring unexpectedly good results; to be very effective

Collocation:it’s no/small/little wonder that

Practice:Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1) It is a wonder you recognized me.

2) No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.难得你还认得我。

难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。

1) v. to provide the place and everything that is needed for an organized event

2) n. someone at a party, meal, etc. who has invited the guests and who provides the food, drink, etc.







host v. & n.

e.g. Which country is going to host the next World Cup?

e.g. Our host greeted us at the door. Collocation:

host country/government/cityplay host to something

Idiom:the Heavenly Host

1) It was their who was the most elegant.




Practice:





hostess_______

2) The President and his wife served as at the concert.hosts_____







a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food

recipe n.

e.g. Could you give me the recipe for that chocolate cake?

Collocation:be a recipe for something: to be likely to cause a particular result, often a bad one

Practice:

Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1) In the recipe, it says that I must use two eggs.

2) This policy appeared to be a recipe for disaster.这个食谱上说我必须用两个鸡蛋。

这个政策看来是个祸因。






compliment v. & n.


1) v. to say something nice to someone in order to praise them

2) n. a remark that shows one admires someone or something e.g. Bob complimented me on my new hairstyle.

e.g. Rob Andrew had a quiet game, which is meant as a compliment.

Collocation:take something as a compliment: to be pleased about what someone says about you, even though they may not mean to be nice







Collocation:compliment slip: a small piece of paper with a company’s name and address on it, which it sends with goods instead of a letter left-handed compliment: a statement that seems to express admiration or praise, but at the same time is insulting

Practice:

Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1) She received many compliments on the design of her new dress.

2) Extend my compliments to your parents.她那条新裙子的设计受到许多人的称赞。

代我向你父母问好。




terrific adj.




very good, especially in a way that makes one feel happy and excited

e.g. Your dress looks terrific!Their latest album’s terrific.

Synonym:great

Comparison:

terrible: extremely severe in a way that causes harm or damage







1) I have a (terrible, terrific) headache.

Practice:


terrible_______

2) This (terrible, terrific) park is worth the trip.terrific______




mood n.

Collocation:

be/feel in the mood for somethingbe in no mood for something / to do somethingbe in a moodput somebody in a good/bad, etc. mood




the way one feels at a particular timee.g. You’re in a good mood this morning!

The weather did little to lighten their mood.







Practice:

Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1) The beautiful sunny morning put me in a happy mood.

2) I am in no mood for joking.阳光明媚的早晨使我心情愉快。

我没心情开玩笑。




bet v.




1) to state confidently what will happen

2) to risk money on the result of a race, game, competition, or other future event

e.g. I bet you she won’t come.

e.g. How much do you want to bet?

Collocation:

You bet!: used to emphasize that you agree with someone or are keen to do what they suggest

Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1) The girls bet the boys a big fancy cake on their winning the

game.

2) He bet me a bag of candy that Bill would not come.




Practice：

女孩们与男孩们用一大块花式蛋糕打赌，说她们比赛会赢。

他与我赌一包糖果，认为比尔不会来。




1) v. to move very fast, especially in an uncontrolled way

2) n. a large curved container with a flat top and bottom, made of wood or metal, and used for storing beer, wine, etc.




barrel v. & n.




e.g. A vehicle barreled out of a shopping center and crashed into the side of my car.

e.g. The wine is aged in oak barrels.

Collocation:

have somebody over a barrel: to put someone in a situation in which they are forced to accept or do what you wantbe a barrel of laughs: to be very enjoyable

Translate the following sentences into Chinese:

1) The cement is barreled.

2) During the negotiations the opposing faction had us over a barrel.




Practice：

水泥已经装桶了。

在谈判中，持异见的另一方使我们一筹莫展。




If people in a theatre, cinema, etc. are rolling in the aisles, they are laughing a lot.




aisle n.




a narrow passagee.g. We paraded down the aisle.

Coffee and tea are in the next aisle.

aisled adj.

Derivation:

Collocation:

go/walk down the aisle: to get married

Explain the following expression:

be rolling in the aisles

Practice：

Key：







1) v. to make the effort to do something

2) n. trouble or difficulty that has been caused by small problems and that usually only continues for a short time

bother v. & n.

e.g. He didn’t bother to answer the question.

e.g. It’s an old car, but it’s never caused me any bother.

Collocation:

sorry to bother youbother somebody about/with something








1) I’m sorry to bother you, but can you direct me to the railway

station?

2) The guests had a lot of bother finding their way here.

Practice：

劳驾，你能不能告诉我去火车站怎么走？

客人们费了很大劲才找到这里。




Practice:

1) 一切真知都源于直接经验。

2) 这枚戒指是真金的。

All genuine knowledge originates in direct experience.

This ring is genuine gold.

genuinely adv.



Translate the following sentences into English:


sincerelye.g. The boy seemed genuinely interested.

Collocation:genuine interest/concern/desire

2) She finally received an (apologize, apology) from the company.




apologize v.




to tell someone that you are sorry that you have done something wrong

e.g. I’m so sorry. I do apologize.

apology n. Derivation:

1) I think you should (apologize, apology) to your brother.

Practice:


apology_______

apologize________

3) He was smiling in a way I found very







2) John was getting by all her questions.

irritation n.

the feeling of being annoyed about something, especially something that happens repeatedly or for a long time

e.g. The heavy traffic is a constant source of irritation.

irritated adj. irritating adj. irritate v.Derivation:

1) It really me when he doesn’t help around the house.

Practice:

Fill in the blanks with proper forms of irritate:

irritating_________.

irritates________

irritated________




bellman n.




a man or boy employed by a hotel, club to carry luggage and do errands







2) She’s always very for appointments.

punctuality n.a fact or state of being on time

e.g. Punctuality is quite important for everyone.

punctual adj. punctually adv. Derivation:

1) is not one of my strong points, I must admit.

Practice:


Punctuality__________

punctual________




count v.




1) to be important or valuable

2) to calculate the total number of things or people in a group e.g. First impressions really do count.

e.g. Susan can count up to five now.Comparison:

count on somebody/something: to depend on someone or something, especially in a difficult situationcount somebody in: to include someone in an activitycount down: to count the number of days, minutes, etc. until a particular moment or event







2) You can count me.

1) When the game gets started, you can count me

Practice:


in___.

on___

3) We are counting the days to the end of this tour. down_____




spouse n.

a husband or wife e.g. Spouses were invited to the company picnic.

You may choose to pay income tax jointly or separately from your spouse.

Derivation:

spousal adj.










pillow n. & v. 1) n. a cloth bag filled with soft material that one puts one’s head

on when one is sleeping

2) v. to rest one’s head somewhere

e.g. I’ll be asleep as soon as my head hits the pillow.

e.g. His head was pillowed on his arm.

Collocation:pillow fight: a game in which children hit each other with pillows pillow talk: conversation between lovers in bed








1) He used his boots for a pillow.

2) He pillowed his head on a pile of books.

Practice：

他用靴子作枕头。

他枕在一堆书上。

Every minute I have spent here impressed me with the friendship you cherish for our country.







cherish v.1) to love

2) if you cherish something, it is very important to youe.g. In marriage, a man promises to cherish his wife.

e.g. He was a man who cherished his privacy.

Collocation:cherish a hope / an idea / a dream

Translate the following sentences into English:

1) 她最疼爱家里的三个孩子。

2) 我在这里度过的每一分钟都使我感到你们对我们国家所怀的友情。

Practice：

She cherishes the three kids most in the family.

1) adj. happening as a normal part of a job or process

2) n. the usual order in which one does things, or the things one regularly does







routine adj. & n.

e.g. You mustn’t worry. These are just routine enquiries.

e.g. John’s departure had upset their daily routine.

Derivation:routinely adv.

Comparison:habit, routinehabit: something that one does regularly without thinking about it, because one has done it so many times beforeroutine: a series of things that someone usually does in the same order, especially when it is the same every day


1) My father had some rather strange (habit, routine), like

reading newspapers in the bath.

2) His (habit, routine) consisted of work, dinner, then TV

and bed.




Practice：

habits_____

routine_______




Collocation:as a matter of routine: if something is done as a matter of course or routine, it is the correct and usual thing to do in a particular situationroutine jobs/tasks

Fill in the blanks with proper words:Practice：




infectious adj.




1) having an effect on everyone and making them want to take part

2) (of disease) easily or readily communicated

e.g. He is a funny man, with an infectious smile.

e.g. Doctors say that the disease is most infectious in the first twenty-four hours.

Derivation:infected adj. infection n.

1) Roy was suffering from a throat and could hardly

talk.

2) Clean the wound so it doesn’t get

infection________

infected_______.


Vocabulary analysis Grammar exercises

Translation exercises

Writing practice






Vocabulary analysis

1. Word comparison

2. Word transformation

3. Phrase practice

Exercises for integrated skills

Oral activities

Listening exercises



Writing practice


Word comparison

Group 1: A. happen B. care C. mind D. matter

Explanation:

When something happens, there is an event, especially one that is not planned.

A.e.g. Before I realized what was happening, the man had grabbed my

bag and run off with it.

B.

e.g. I’m very lucky to have a husband, a family and friends who care about me.

Care is to think that something is important, so that you are interested in it, worried about it, etc.


Oral activities

Listening exercises








Writing practice


Explanation:

C.

e.g. Of course I don’t mind if you bring a few friends over.

Matter means to be important, especially to be important to you, or to have an effect on what happens.

D.

e.g. It matters what you wear to an evening of live theater.

Group 1: A. happen B. care C. mind D. matter


Oral activities

Listening exercises


Mind means to feel annoyed or upset about something.







Writing practice


Group 2: A. hurry B. rush C. hasten D. quicken

Explanation:

Hurry means to do something or go somewhere more quickly than usual, especially because there is not much time.

A.

e.g. Elizabeth disappeared into the crowd and Donald had to hurry after her.

B.

e.g. Everyone rushed out into the street to see what was happening.

Rush means to move very quickly, especially because one needs to be somewhere very soon.


Oral activities

Listening exercises








Writing practice


Explanation:

C.

e.g. She hastened back into the corridor and slammed the door.

D.e.g. She found she was sweating and her breathing had quickened.

Quicken means to become quicker or make something quicker.

Hasten means to make something happen faster or sooner, or to do or say something quickly or without delay.


Oral activities

Listening exercises





Group 2: A. hurry B. rush C. hasten D. quicken




Writing practice


Group 3: A. coworker B. copartner C. colleague D. cooperative

Explanation:

A.e.g. Coworkers share the same benefits and risks.

B.

e.g. The cooperation of copartners will get the job finished much more quickly.

People sharing an activity are copartners.

People working together are coworkers.


Oral activities

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Writing practice


Explanation:

C.

e.g. Jenny is a conscientious manager, very popular with her colleagues.

D.

e.g. I also visited a cooperative of peasant farmers who grow sesame seed.

Cooperative is a business or organization owned equally by all the people working there.

Colleague is someone you work with, used especially by professional people.

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Listening exercises






Group 3: A. coworker B. copartner C. colleague D. cooperative

Vocabulary analysis

Writing practice


Group 4: A. pull out B. pull up C. pull off D. pull down

Explanation:

A.

e.g. A car suddenly pulled out in front of me.

B.

e.g. We pulled up at a small cafe just outside Bordeaux.

Pull up means to stop the vehicle that one is driving.

Pull out means to drive onto a road from another road or from where one has stopped, or to stop doing or being involved in something.

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Writing practice


Explanation:

C.

e.g. They pulled off to get some food.

D.

e.g. My old school was pulled down.

Pull off means to drive a car off a road in order to stop or to turn into a smaller road, or to succeed in doing something difficult.

Pull down means to destroy something or make it stop existing; it also means to earn a particular amount of money.

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Listening exercises





Group 4: A. pull out B. pull up C. pull off D. pull down


Vocabulary analysis

Writing practice


Group 5: A. behavior B. act C. manners D. way

Explanation:

A.e.g. Eric’s behavior towards his family surprised me.

B.

e.g. The act of physically putting the drive in the computer is relatively easy.

Act means one thing that you do.

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Listening exercises


Behavior means the things that a person or animal does.





Vocabulary analysis

Writing practice


Explanation:

C.

e.g. Dad gave us a lecture about table manners.

D.

e.g. I could tell by the way he looked at me that he was annoyed.

Way is a method that one uses to do something, or the manner or style in which someone does something or in which something happens.

Manners means polite ways of behaving in social situations.Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Listening exercises





Group 5: A. behavior B. act C. manners D. way


Vocabulary analysis


Group 6: A. graceful B. gracious C. grateful D. grand

Explanation:

A.e.g. Her movements are always graceful and elegant.

B.

e.g. The losing team were gracious in defeat.

Graceful means moving in a smooth and attractive way, or having an attractive shape or form.

Gracious means behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank; it also means having the kind of expensive style, comfort, and beauty that only rich people can afford.

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis


Explanation:

C.

e.g. My daughter was rescued safely, and I am very grateful to the firemen.

D.e.g. The conferences always take place in grand hotels, away from

the realities of life.

Grand means big and very impressive, or important and rich.

Grateful means feeling that one wants to thank someone because of something kind that they have done, or showing this feeling.

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises





Group 6: A. graceful B. gracious C. grateful D. grand


Vocabulary analysis


Group 7: A. cookbook B. recipe C. ingredient D. menu

Explanation:

A.e.g. Peters is the author of the popular cookbook “Doing It in the

Kitchen”.

B.

e.g. My Mum has the recipe for a really delicious prawn curry.

Recipe is a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food.

Cookbook (American English) is a book that tells you how to prepare and cook food. Its British equivalent is cookery book.

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis


Explanation:

C.

e.g. The main ingredients can be prepared and frozen in advance.

D.

e.g. Is there any fish on the menu?

Ingredient means one of the foods that you use to make a particular food or dish.

Menu (usually singular) is a list of all the kinds of food that are available for a meal, especially in a restaurant.

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises





Group 7: A. cookbook B. recipe C. ingredient D. menu


Vocabulary analysis


Group 8: A. huge B. enormous C. vast D. large

Explanation:

A.e.g. King’s new novel will undoubtedly be a huge success.

B.

e.g. I have an enormous amount of work to finish before Friday.

Huge means extremely large in size, amount, or degree.

Enormous means very big in size or in amount.

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis


Explanation:

C.

e.g. Vast areas of the Amazon rainforest have been destroyed.

D.

e.g. Philip found himself in a large playground surrounded by high brick walls.

Large means big in size or quantity, wide in range and involving many things.

Vast means extremely large in area, size, etc.Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises





Group 8: A. huge B. enormous C. vast D. large


Vocabulary analysis


Word transformation

1. friend

Other forms of friend: friendly, friendship

1) 友好竞争friendly competition

Chinese-English translation

2) 忠告friendly warning

3) 开始交朋友strike up a friendship

4) 促进国际友好关系的会议a conference to promote international friendship

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis


2. boy Other forms of boy: boyhood, boyish

1) 童年时代boyhood days


2) 童年回忆boyhood memories

3) 男孩般的热情boyish enthusiasm

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis


3. understand

Other forms of understand: understandable, understanding


1) 这是一个情有可原的错误。It was an understandable mistake to make.

2) 条件是……on the understanding that …

3) 上帝的存在与否非人类所能理解。The existence of God is beyond human understanding.

4) 他的父母对他非常宽容。He has very understanding parents.

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis


4. receive

Other forms of receive: received, receipt, receivable, receiver

1) 标准发音received pronunciation


2) 开出收据make out a receipt

3) 公司的应收账款the company’s accounts receivable

4) 拿起话筒pick up / lift a receiver

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis


5. appear

The noun form of appear: appearance

1) 他在聚会上出现过，但是没有呆多久。He put in an appearance at the party, but didn’t stay long.


2) 你不应该以貌取人。You shouldn’t judge by appearances.

3) 维持面子；装门面keep up appearances

4) 根据观察推断to/by all appearances

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






military decisiveness

Vocabulary analysis


6. decide

Other forms of decide: decision, decisive, decisively, decisiveness

1) 做出决定arrive at a decision


2) 采取果断措施take decisive action

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






3) 然而，我们又一次无法断然行事。Yet again, we failed to act decisively.

4) 军事决断

Vocabulary analysis


Phrase practice

1. get away from

Explanation:

1) There is no getting away from this fact.

to avoid something that is difficult or unpleasant for you, or something that limits what you can do in some way; to leave a place, especially when this is not easy

Examples:

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






这个事实不可否认。

Vocabulary analysis


2) I needed to get away from the pressures of work for a while.

我需要暂时逃避一下工作的压力。

3) I won’t be able to get away from the office before 7.

我七点以前无法离开办公室。

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis


2. give a wave or nod of appreciation

Explanation:

1) You should give a wave or nod of appreciation when getting help from others.得到别人帮助时，你应当挥手或点头表示感谢。

to display gratitude by waving a hand or nodding the head

2) She gave me a nod of appreciation when I permitted her in.

我准许她进来时，她点头向我表示感谢。

Examples:

3) When I returned her lost wallet, she gave me a nod of appreciation.

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises


当我把她丢失的钱包还给她时，她向我点头致谢。





1) We need somebody to handle the marketing end of the business.

我们需要有人来负责业务的推广。

接收方有什么问题吗？

Examples:

我已经履行了我方的协议条件。3) I have kept my end of the bargain.

2) Are there any problems on the receiving end?

Vocabulary analysis


3. on the receiving end

Explanation: (the person) who receives (the thank-you remark); end here means a part of an activity with which somebody is concerned, especially in business. Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis


4. go a long way

Explanation:

1) The efforts taken in combating SARS went a long way.

人们为抗击非典所做的努力产生了深远的影响。

to produce a far-reaching effect

2) The progress of scientific technology will go a long way in the human history.科学技术进步将对人类历史产生深远影响。

Examples:

邻国之间的睦邻关系对彼此的发展有深远的影响。

3) Harmonious relationship among neighboring countries goes a long way for their development.

Grammar exercises



Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



Grammar exercises

1. Comparison and comparative constructions

2. Present participle / -ing participle and past participle / -ed participle

3. Discrimination between pronoun and adjectiveExercises for integrated skills

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






There are three types of comparative construction: “as … as” construction, “more … than” construction and “(the) + superlative adjective/adverb + scope of comparison”.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



Comparison and comparative constructions


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



The basic pattern of “as … as” construction is “as + adjective/adverb

+ as”.


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



The basic pattern of “more … than” construction is “comparative

degree + than-clause”.


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Complete the following sentences using either the “more ... than” construction or the “as ... as” construction with the words in brackets.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



Practice

1. John is far (truthful) most people.more truthful than_______________

Explanation:

Here “more … than” construction should be used to indicate the comparison between John and most people.

2. Susan hasn’t been quite (unlucky) she pretends.as unlucky as___________

Explanation:

Here a negative “as … as” construction is used.


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



3.This scenery on the top of the mountain is much (beautiful) that at the foot of it.

Explanation:Here “more … than” construction is used to indicate the comparison between different sceneries.

4. I find Adam a lot (friendly) now.

Explanation:

Friendlier is the regular comparison form of the adjective friendly.

more beautiful than________________

friendlier________


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



Present participle and past participle

The present participle / -ing participle


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






The past participle / -ed participle

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






The present participle as predicative

The present participle as attributive

The present participle as adverbial

The present participle as objective complement

e.g. The reasons are not convincing.

e.g. The show offers nothing interesting.

e.g. She ran out of the room, crying.

e.g. I once heard her singing.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






The past participle as predicative

The past participle as attributive

The past participle as adverbial

The past participle as objective complement

e.g. I felt excited on hearing the good news.

e.g. The pudding left isn’t to Cindy’s taste.

e.g. Exhausted, they stopped for a rest.

e.g. He finds his hometown changed.

2. The piano at the concert is made in France.

1. The girl with Paul is his sister.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



Practice Choose the best answer.

C__

Explanation: The present participle dancing, together with with Paul, is used as an attributive.


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






A. danced B. having danced C. dancing D. dance

A__

Explanation: The past participle used, together with at the concert, acts as an attributive, indicating a passive voice.

A. used B. using C. to use D. having used

4. The castle, in 1485, was never rebuilt.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Practice Choose the best answer.

Explanation: The present participle having in the negative form, together with a license, is used as an attributive.

3. Any driver a license ought to be sent to jail right away.

A. not having had B. not to have C. not having D. not have

A__

Explanation: The past participle phrase burnt down, together with in 1485, acts as an attributive to modify the castle.

A. burnt down B. burning down C. having burnt down D. to have been burnt down

C__

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



Discrimination between pronoun and adjective

another:

other:

the other:

others:

the others:


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






adj. one more; different

pron. another one

adj. different from the one mentioned

pron. other person or thing

pron. the second one between two persons or two things

pron. plural form of other

pron. plural form of the other

1. Some tourists went to the beach; explored the town.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



Practice

Complete the following sentences with the words or phrases in the box.

others_____

Explanation: Others, here as a pronoun, is used as the subject.


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






another other the other others the others

2. I'm busy now; ask me about it some time.other_____

Explanation: Other, here as an adjective, is used as the attributive.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






3. We got home by 6 o’clock, but didn’t get back until about 8 o’clock.

Practice

Complete the following sentences with the words or phrases in the box.

the others

Explanation: The others, here as a pronoun, is taken as the subject.

another other the other others the others

4. I don’t like these books. Could you show me one?another

Explanation: Another, here as an adjective, is used as an attributive to modify a book.

________

_______

At the concert whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



Translation exercisesTranslate each of the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the bracket. Inflect the word or phrase where necessary.1. 在音乐会上，每当一位歌手唱完一首美妙动听的歌曲时，观

众便高声喝彩表示赞赏。 (appreciation)

Whenever is used to mean every time that a particular thing happens; we use the -ing form of a verb after the word finish to mean to stop doing something; burst into something means to start producing something suddenly and with great force.


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises





Notes ：


Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




1) 对艺术品的欣赏必然受到某种特殊兴趣爱好的支配。

Appreciation of works of art is bound to be dominated by a particular kind of interest.

2) 这有助于孩子们增强诗歌和文学的欣赏能力。

It helps children to develop an appreciation of poetry and literature.

3) 人群低声赞叹着。

The crowd murmured in appreciation.


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






1) 这是一场两位艺术家的高雅表演。It was a stylish performance by both artists.

2) 她是一个时髦的女人，穿着总能适合场合。She was a stylish woman, always dressed to suit occasions.

If someone or something is always doing something, they do it often, especially in an annoying way.

As a stylish dresser, she is always wearing stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats or drinks.


2. 她是个穿着时髦的人，总是穿时髦的衣服，但对饮食很少讲究。 (stylish)

Notes：

3) 这个房间布满了新潮的家具和价格不菲的绘画作品。The room was full of stylish furniture and expensive paintings.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



3. 既然准时是个好习惯，我们应该十分注意准时，努力养成这种好习惯。 (punctuality)

Since is used to give a reason for something, especially the reason that is an existing fact known by everyone.

Since punctuality is a good habit, we should pay much attention to it and make great efforts to cultivate this good habit.


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises





Notes：


Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




1) 晚餐七点开始。请尽量准时。

Dinner is served at seven. Please try to be punctual.

2) 她一贯守时，可是她的朋友总是迟到。

She is always punctual, but her friend is always late.

3) 我们总是准时付租金。

We’ve always been punctual in paying our rent.


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises



As if is used to emphasize that something is not true or will not happen; it is usually followed by the subjunctive mood.

The old man cherishes that girl, as if she were his own daughter.

4.老人疼爱那女孩，就好像她是自己的女儿一样。 (cherish)


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises





Notes：


1) 他缅怀他那一去不返的青春年华。He cherished the memory of his departed youth.

2) 主人对精美的地毯珍爱有加。The fine rugs are greatly cherished by the owner.

3) 运动使我获得了我所珍惜的友谊。Sports have given me friendships that I cherish.


It is sometimes said that the English are a polite people. This

can make life (1) for foreigners. Suppose a foreign boy

asks an English girl to go out with him and she says “ (2) I

finish my work, I’ll meet you in the restaurant at 7 o’clock.” Is she

saying “yes” or “no” to his (3) ?

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Exercises for integrated skillsFill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.

difficult_______

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






If__

invitation________

In grammatical terms she is using the conditional structure.

(4)

using the conditional, speakers of English (5) using a

direct “yes” or “no” answer to a question. Often this is very useful.

It (6) people to be diplomatic. If the girl didn’t want to

go with the boy she won’t (7) up at the restaurant. She will

let him suppose she is still working. If she wanted to go out with

him, but didn’t want to appear too (8) to catch, she has

achieved that with her reply. (9) in this case, as she used the first

conditional (if + present simple + future) which indicates

probability, she is quite (10) to turn up at the restaurant.

Being polite can make life very complicated.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






By___ avoid _____

enables______

turn____

easy____

But____

likely____

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Explanation:

Difficult means involving a lot of problems and causing a lot of trouble or worry.

difficult

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Explanation:

If is used when talking about something that might happen or be true, or might have happened.

If

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Explanation:

Invitation is a written or spoken request to someone, inviting them to go somewhere or do something.

invitation

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Explanation:

By is used to say what means or method someone uses to do something.

By

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Explanation:

Avoid doing something means to deliberately not do something, especially something wrong, dangerous, or harmful.

avoid

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Explanation:

Enable somebody/something to do something means to make it possible for someone to do something, or for something to happen.

enables

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Explanation:

Turn up means to arrive at a place, especially in a way that is unexpected.

turn

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Explanation:

Easy means not difficult to do, and not needing much effort. According to the context, the girl meant to cause the boy some difficulty to achieve his purpose.

easy

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Explanation:

But is used to introduce a statement that explains why the thing you have mentioned is not likely to happen.

But

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises




Explanation:

Something that is likely will probably happen or is probably true.

likely

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities


Oral activities

1. Converse with one of your classmates on the given topics.

2. Discuss with your partner the given situations.


Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities


Converse with one of your classmates on the given topics.


1. Something like a simple “Thank you” doesn’t really matter.

Writing practice

Listening exercises





The discussion can be based on the following aspects. 1) apology 2) politeness 3) sincerity 4) personality 5) communication

Guidance:


Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities



2. People can’t be truly stylish without good manners.

Writing practice

Listening exercises


1) gesture 2) quality 3) fashion 4) education 5) special reasons (optional)




The discussion can be based on the following aspects.

Guidance:


Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities



3. The kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier.

Writing practice

Listening exercises





The discussion can be based on the following aspects. 1) quality 2) gentleness 3) communication 4) relationship 5) special reasons (optional)

Guidance:


Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities



4. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for others but also adds priceless panache to your image.

Writing practice

Listening exercises





The discussion can be based on the following aspects. 1) traveling right 2) new age 3) social works 4) stand up for yourself 5) special reasons (optional)

Guidance:


A Model Essay on Topic Four

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities



Manners are very important for each of us. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for others but also adds priceless panache to your image. Then how can you achieve it?

Traveling right: stop for pedestrians at pedestrian crossings. You demonstrate your power over the pedestrians more effectively, not by ignoring them, but by showing that you voluntarily stop, even though you could just motor on by. Such a display of magnanimity is worthy of the Übermensch.

New age: if you go through a door first, you should always hold it open for those who follow. Age, gender and social class make no difference. Extending this common courtesy to all is a sign that we hold everyone in equal respect.

Social works: not to take your host’s hospitality for granted and show gratitude.

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities



Stand up for yourself: you may look younger when you stand straight. You may be surprised at what good posture does to change your appearance, but you will be astonished at what it does to the rest of you — your spirits, your attitude, your feelings about yourself. You can imagine it happens like this: as you lift your body to its full height and held up your head, little signals go into your brain saying, “You’re confident. You think highly of yourself. You are somebody of worth.” Other people, reacting to the way you look, also sent signals — signals of respect. They must have thought: well, if he thinks he’s somebody of worth, he must be. You begin feeling relaxed and you are able to be outgoing — much more so than usual.

By the means above, you may realize that your gracious manner has successfully added priceless panache to your image.

Writing practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities



Discuss with your partner the given situations.

1. Some people think that they should write thank-you notes after attending a friend’s party, but some think they don’t have the time.

Guidance:Words and expressions for the topic:

response politeness sincere quality communication relationship friendship thankful goodwill money worship selfish isolatedWriting practice

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities



2. Spouses don’t have to be as gracious about the routine things now as they used to be around wedding.

Guidance:Words and expressions for the topic:

Writing practice

Listening exercises





promise time flying busy life partner quarreling household nuclear family trivial chores mutual understanding indifferent enthusiastic


According to the structure, sentences are simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice



Writing practice

Additional information

Listening exercises






Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice



Listening exercises






A simple sentence contains one independent clause with only one subject and one predicate. Short simple sentences are usually emphatic. They are often used to put forward main points, conclusions, or important facts. They are also used, sometimes, to describe rapid movements or convey a feeling of excitement.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice



Listening exercises






A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses (or simple sentences) related to each other in thought; the relation between them is often indicated by a coordinating conjunction or an adverb.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice



Listening exercises






A complex sentence contains one main (or principal) clause and one or more dependent (or subordinate) clauses, with a connective word denoting the relation between the two parts.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice



Listening exercises






A compound-complex sentence consists of two or more main (or principle) clauses and at least one dependent (or subordinate) clause.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice



Combine the words in each group into a sentence, using each of these words only once.

Practice

1. be, with, recognition, can, all, transformed, choices, houses, the, beyond

With all the choices, houses can be transformed beyond recognition.________________________________________________________

2. because, a, an, throat, sore, alleged, of, millionaire, cancelled, a, singer, rock, concert

A millionaire rock singer canceled a concert because of an alleged sore throat.

Listening exercises





__________________________________________________________________


Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises



3. ahead, battles, Congress, vote, to, to, to, a, impact, gambling’s, though, communities, commission, study, empower, national, lie, soon, expected, is, on

Though battles lie ahead, Congress is expected to vote soon to empower a national commission to study gambling’s impact on communities.

4. and, countries, that, is, Americans, transfer, themselves, among, such, things, for, social, and, welfare, security, main, the, difference, U.S., other, between, less, money, as, theThe main difference between the U.S. and other countries is that Americans transfer less money among themselves for such things as social security and welfare.






____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises



Listening exercisesGreetings Around the World

A. You are going to hear a few examples from some countries. Match the places from the box with the greetings. Each has two answers.






1. a bow

2. a hug

3. the salaam

a. Brazil b. Canada c. Egypt d. India e. Japan f. Jordan

g. Korea h. Mexico i. Russia j. Saudi Arabia k. Thailand

l. the United States

e, g___

a, i___

f, j___

4. the namaste or wai

5. a strong, short handshake

6. a softer, longer handshake

d, k___

b, l

c, h

___

___

script■

Around the world, there are many different ways to greet people. Bowing is the traditional way of greeting in Northeast Asian countries like Korea and Japan. In Japan, when you bow, you don’t look directly at the other person’s eyes. But in Korea it’s important to see the other person’s face when you bow. In both countries, people bow to show respect. Traditionally, Japanese bows when the left hand covers the right hand are more polite than when the right hand covers the left. This is because, in the days when people used swords, the right hand was used for fighting. The left hand covering the right symbolizes one’s stopping one’s own stronger hand. Some companies such as airlines still teach their employees to bow in this way.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises



There are many ways to greet people.Number 1: A bowMan:






Greetings Around the World■

B. Listen again. Describe the following gestures by completing the following statements.

1. People bow to . When you bow in Japan, you don’t . When you bow in Korea, it’s important to .

show respect___________look directly at the other person's eyes________________________________

see the other person's face______________________

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises








script■

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises








Around the world, there are many different ways to greet people. Bowing is the traditional way of greeting in Northeast Asian countries like Korea and Japan. In Japan, when you bow, you don’t look directly at the other person’s eyes. But in Korea it’s important to see the other person’s face when you bow. In both countries, people bow to show respect. Traditionally, Japanese bows when the left hand covers the right hand are more polite than when the right hand covers the left. This is because, in the days when people used swords, the right hand was used for fighting. The left hand covering the right symbolizes one’s stopping one’s own stronger hand. Some companies such as airlines still teach their employees to bow in this way.

Number 1: A bowMan:

■

2. A hug is usually between . It doesn’t matter whether they are .

good friends___________men or women_____________

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises








script

Number 2: A hugWoman:When good friends meet in Russia, they often hug each othe

r. This is true for both women and men. Russia isn’t the only place where friends hug. In Brazil, for example, friends also hug each other in greeting. In Brazil, the hug is called an abraço.

■

3. The salaam is most popular with people. To give a salaam, first , then . Then your hand , away from your head. When people use this greeting, they say, “ .”

older and more traditional______________________touch your heart______________

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises








your forehead____________moves up________

Peace be with you_______________

script

Number 3: The salaamMan: The salaam is a greeting from the Middle East. It is used in

Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and some other Arab countries. It is most popular with older, more traditional people. To give a salaam, first touch your heart, then your forehead. Then your hand moves up, away from your head. When people use this greeting, they say, “Peace be with you.”

■

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises








4. To give a namaste or wai, you put your hands , and you . It is not only a greeting, it also means

“ ” and “ .”

high on the chest______________bow slightly__________

Thank you_________ I’m sorry________

script

Number 4: The namaste or waiWoman:People in India and in Thailand use a different kind of greeti

ng. It is called namaste in India. In Thailand, it is called wai. The hands are put high on the chest, and you bow slightly. This hand gesture looks similar to the gesture many cultures use for prayer. It grows out of a cultural tradition of acknowledging the goodness in the person one is greeting. Though it is a way of greeting, it also means “Thank you” and “I’m sorry.”

■

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises








5. Handshakes in the United States and Canada are . Handshakes in Mexico and Egypt usually , but

.

strong and short______________last a little longer_______________

they are softer____________

script

Number 5: A strong, short handshakeMan: You all know how to shake hands. This is common in many

countries. But it isn’t always done the same way. In the United States and Canada, for example, people usually give a strong, short handshake. It’s short but rather firm.

Number 6: A softer, longer handshakeWoman: In many other countries, people also shake hands. But they

do it differently from in the U.S. and Canada. In Mexico and in Egypt, for example, many people — especially men — shake hands. Mexican and Egyptian handshakes usually last a little longer. The handshake is softer — not as strong.

■

Vocabulary analysis


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises







Grammar exercises


Number 2: A hugWoman:

Number 3: The salaamMan:

When good friends meet in Russia, they often hug each other. This is true for both women and men. Russia isn’t the only place where friends hug. In Brazil, for example, friends also hug each other in greeting. In Brazil, the hug is called an abraço.

The salaam is a greeting from the Middle East. It is used in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and some other Arab countries. It is most popular with older, more traditional people. To give a salaam, first touch your heart, then your forehead. Then your hand moves up, away from your head. When people use this greeting, they say, “Peace be with you.”

SectionFour_L_4popwin1

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises








Number 4: The namaste or waiWoman:

Number 5: A strong, short handshakeMan:

People in India and in Thailand use a different kind of greeting. It is called namaste in India. In Thailand, it is called wai. The hands are put high on the chest, and you bow slightly. This hand gesture looks similar to the gesture many cultures use for prayer. It grows out of a cultural tradition of acknowledging the goodness in the person one is greeting. Though it is a way of greeting, it also means “Thank you” and “I’m sorry.”

You all know how to shake hands. This is common in many countries. But it isn’t always done the same way. In the United States and Canada, for example, people usually give a strong, short handshake. It’s short but rather firm.

Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises


Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises








Number 6: A softer, longer handshakeWoman: In many other countries, people also shake hands. But they

do it differently from in the U.S. and Canada. In Mexico and in Egypt, for example, many people — especially men — shake hands. Mexican and Egyptian handshakes usually last a little longer. The handshake is softer — not as strong.

Lead-in questions Supplementary reading



Lead-in questions

1.2.

What is your understanding of Moral Responsibility?Do you think Moral Responsibility is the most important quality of an educator? Why?Memorable quotes





Lead-in questions

Supplementary reading



Memorable quotes

An Educator’s Moral Responsibility

It happens to me often. I read newspaper articles about violent crime, see the ravages of inhumanity on the evening news, and hear sound-bites on the radio describing cruelty and intolerance. It becomes difficult, sometimes impossible, for me to push from my consciousness thoughts about the danger and the hostility of the world in which we live. I worry, particularly, about the effects on our children of our own society, a society that is less safe and less hospitable than the one I experienced as a child growing up during the 1950s and 1960s.





Lead-in questions



In many school districts throughout the country, there is already compelling evidence that adolescents have been affected negatively by changing social conditions, including by what many Americans believe to be a decline of basic human values. Parents and teachers must contend often with disturbing levels of adolescent aggression, profanity, and disrespect. We are fortunate that most students at New Fairfield High School are respectful, considerate, and tolerant of differences among their peers. I am proud of the majority of our students’ behavior and, generally, pleased with the social climate of our school. There are, however, some students at our school who display antagonistic attitudes and behave inappropriately. Some students are insensitive and unkind to their classmates, discourteous to adults, and quick to express their anger by raising their voices or by using profanity.

Memorable quotes






Lead-in questions



Memorable quotes






It is the responsibility of parents to teach their children to be polite, courteous, and forbearing. It is one of their most fundamental responsibilities to impart to their children the values of integrity, decency, and respect for others. Teachers and school administrators should never become, however, ethical bystanders. If we wish to realize our school district’s philosophy not only to educate our students but also to encourage them to accept the innate worth of every human being, we must not surrender the ideal of maintaining a moral community at New Fairfield High School, where all people have an obligation to be polite and tolerant of individual differences.

Lead-in questions



Some individuals believe that school personnel should not interfere with the behavior of students unless it is directly related to learning or affects the safety of individuals who are inside the school building or somewhere on campus. Not long ago I disciplined a student for using an extremely offensive profanity in addressing another student in the main lobby of the school. When I described the incident to the student’s parent, I was told by the parent that the student’s choice of words did not hurt anyone, and that I was too strict and had to change with the times. The conviction of the parent was that I should be busy doing more important things rather than finding fault with an adolescent’s vocabulary.

Memorable quotes






Lead-in questions



The parent’s response disappointed me, but I was equally disturbed by the reaction of a friend to whom I recounted the incident. In essence, his response was, “What can you do? You can’t teach values anymore.” I recognize that there is pervasive concern among parents that their prerogatives to raise their children and to teach them proper values are sometimes interfered with by people outside the family or by other outside influences. I understand this concern. It is neither educator’s responsibility nor their right, for example, to promote among students political ideology or religious principles. But good teachers and administrators do teach values, not personal, private values but common values of courtesy, mutual respect, persistence, responsibility, and self-reliance. Ideally, competent educators affirm

Memorable quotes






Lead-in questions



socially responsible values taught at home. They should demand appropriate vocabulary and good manners. They should remind students to say “please” and “thank you” and remind them not to interrupt when others are speaking. It is very much the responsibility of teachers and administrators to promote New Fairfield’s traditions of proper behavior and good sportsmanship. As a principal, I expect to be judged by the moral and ethical climate of our school. All the academic improvements of New Fairfield High School notwithstanding, I would never consider myself a successful educator unless our students graduated not only as successful learners but also as ladies and gentlemen.

Memorable quotes






Lead-in questions



sound-bites short sentences or phrases that are easy to remember, often included in a speech made by a politician and repeated in newspapers and on television and radio

Memorable quotes






Lead-in questions



adolescents A very young child is a baby or more formally an infant. A child who has just learned to walk is a toddler. People aged 13 to 19 are teenagers and a younger teenager may also be called an adolescent. An adult is a fully-grown person over an age stated by law, usually, 18 or 21.Memorable quotes






Lead-in questions



profanity Profanity shows a lack of respect for a god or a religion, especially through language. Here it refers to offensive language used by some students.

Memorable quotes






Lead-in questions



Memorable quotes






peer a person of the same age, class, position, etc., as oneself

e.g. The opinions of his peers are more important to him than his parent’s ideas.

Peer pressure is of great influence on the way people behave.

Lead-in questions



Memorable quotes






ethical bystanders people who watch something that is happening, but do not want to say whether they think it is right or wrong in human behavior

Lead-in questions



Memorable quotes






the innate worth of every human being the value that every human being is born with

Lead-in questions

Memorable quotes



Questions for discussion:1.

2.

3.

4.

What is the author’s explanation for the danger and the hostility of the world?Which weakness of the educational system is cited as being responsible for adolescent aggression, profanity, and disrespect?Apart from lack of responsibility, do you think that the author is also criticizing some parents’ attitude towards the teacher? Cite an example to prove this.What is the author’s conception of a successful educator?






Answers for reference:

Lead-in questions

Memorable quotes








1.

2.

3.

4.

He worries about the negative effects of violent crime, the ravages of inhumanity, cruelty and intolerance, etc. on our children.Some parents do not realize their responsibility to teach their children whereas some teachers may be ethical bystanders.Yes. For instance, a student’s parent told the author that the words his/her child had used did not hurt anybody and that the author was too faultfinding with the child’s vocabulary.An educator can be considered successful only when his students graduated not only as successful learners but also as well-behaved citizens.

Lead-in questions


Memorable quotes



Memorable quotes

Paraphrase the following quotes:

Manners must adorn knowledge and smooth its way through the world. — Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield





Lead-in questions


Memorable quotes







Civility costs nothing and buys everything. — Mary Wortley Montagu

whatever happened to manners? reading aloud audiovisual supplements section one: pre-reading...

Documents

global reading section

detailed reading section

prereading activities

detailed reading slide

little toast

kind of thanksgiving

significance of good

dark cheese