HS 325 ►Overuse Injuries► Social, Cultural, and Multicultural constraints in Motor Development► Teaching Styles

What’s Due?

Wed, Nov. 1: Article summary (online resources)Mon, Nov. 6: Two school recess observations due

by today

Preventing Overuse

Accentuate general fitness and avoid excessive volume All programs should include conditioning and flexibility Avoid early, intense sport specialization Follow the 10% rule initially, then adjust for each

individual Follow proper training progression Carefully monitor training during adolescent growth spurt

Appropriate Supervision- Correct sports technique

(Overuse) Red Flags Rapid Growth

Inflexibility (muscle Imbalance)Prior InjuryInadequate ConditioningAnatomic MisalignmentToo-rapid training progressionInadequate RestInappropriate equipment/footwearUneven or hard surfacesIncorrect Sport TechniqueAdult or Peer Pressure

Ch. 11& 12 Social, Cultural, and Psychosocial Constraints in Motor Development

Gender Race Ethnicity Socioeconomic Status

Gender-Role Stereotypes

Then: Hopkinton, Mass., April 19, 1967 - Who says Chivalry is dead? - A girl listed as "K. Switzer of Syracuse" found herself about to be thrown out of normally all-male Boston Marathon today when a husky companion Thomas Miller of Syracuse threw block that tossed race official out of the running instead. Sequence shows Jock Semple, official, moving in to intercept Miss Switzer then being bounced himself by Miller. Photos by Harry Trask of Boston Traveler.

Affect of Significant Others on Physical Activity Socialization

Family MembersParentsSiblings

Peers

Coaches and Teachers

Psychosocial Constraints in Motor Development

Self-Esteem

Perceived CompetenceLow Levels may result in unwillingness to try challenging tasks, a lack of effort to do well, avoidance of participation

Motivation Persistence p. 213Dropping Out p. 214

Self Concept

Personal assessment of one’s worthiness- The Attitude one holds towards him/herself

(not in comparison to others)

Self-EsteemSelf-description based on how others view us

Social~ Physical ~ AcademicBoth influence one’s perception of

competence and worthiness

Components of a Positive Self –Concept p.123

Belonging Worthiness Uniqueness Perceived Competence Acceptance of Self Virtue

There are no short cuts to building self –confidence!

Implications for physical educators

Cooperative Learning

Fosters positive socialization

Working with others to achieve a common goal

Factors that Affect Affective Development p. 137

Encouragement Goal-Setting Self-Assessment Moral Dilemmas

Implications for Teaching Developmental P.E.

Developmentally Appropriate ActivitiesProper Skill ProgressionIndividualizedReasonable GoalsChallengingPositive ReinforcementSafe Environment(Mistakes OK Zone)

What are some ways to convey to your students that‘winning isn’t everything?’(intentionally and unintentionally)

Real-World Situation:The Teachers’ Lounge p. 133

When is having a conversation about difficulty you are having with a student productive, and when is it counter-productive?

What is a Teaching Style?

A specific set of decisions made by the instructor to achieve the learning objectives of a lesson.

Why Use Multiple Teaching Styles?

Personal Choice/preference

Tradition

Student Diversity

Multiple Objectives

The Spectrum of Teaching Styles p. 231

Direct Teacher-Centered Command Practice Reciprocal (Learning Lab

Mon.)

Self-Check Inclusion (learning Lab

Mon.)

Indirect Learner Centered Guided Discovery Convergent Discovery Divergent Discovery

Direct Teaching Styles

Teacher -Centered Teacher makes most of the decisions Based of Behavioral Learning Theory

Learning occurs from the outside in from the correct reproduction of events/technique

What are the advantages of using a DIRECT teaching style?

Works well with large groups of children

Structured (conducive to good class control)

Efficient, clear, straightforward

Usually easy to plan and organize

INDIRECT Teaching Styles

Learner(child)-Centered Child is at center of learning process

Learning to Learn through experimentation, problem-solving, etc.

Based on Cognitive Learning Theory- Learning is an internal process that occurs from the inside out through incorrect attempts

Process (of learning) is just as important as the product

What are the advantages of using an INDIRECT teaching style?

Helps children become involved in their own learning

Allows for individual differences between learners

All students can find a degree of success at their individual level of ability

Selecting a Teaching Style for a Lesson

What are the considerations that relate to Learner Characteristics?

Factors to ConsiderRefer to chart on p. 243

Stage of motor development Level of movement skill learning Level of cognitive comprehension Fitness Level Self-Control Interest

What is YOUR preferred Learning Style?

What is your preferred TEACHING style?

Have a great weekend!(Pay attention to your personal style)