what’s in ch. 49 ? i. impersonal verbs (page 167) to translate most impersonal verbs, use...
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CHAPTER 49 - OLC
What’s
in
Ch.
49?
I. IMPERSONAL VERBS (page 167) To translate most impersonal verbs, use “it” to translate into English. Ex.: ningit = it is snowingMany Latin impersonal verbs are not used impersonally in English: me oportet = I ought most commonly govern the accusative or dative case of the person. mihi licet = I may impersonal verbs often take a complementary infinitive.II. Intransitive verbs in the passive (page 168) Intransitive verbs must be used impersonally in the passive Verbs of motion in the passive impersonal you must supply a subject from the context Verbs which take the dative are used impersonally in the passive: mihi persuadetur = I am persuaded.P.S. The genders of 3rd Declension nouns (page 169)
Caesar Augustus (page 97)
CHAPTER 49 - OLC
dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētus/a/um = to destroy
cōnfirmō, cōnfirmāre, cōnfirmāvī, cōnfirmātus/a/um = to strengthen, encourage
cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cesssus/a/um = to yield, give way to (+ dative)
restituō, restituere, restituī, restitūtus/a/um = to restore
adiciō, adicere, adiēcī, adiectus/a/um = to add to
minor, minārī, minātus sum = to threaten (+ dative)
assequor, assequī, assecūtus sum = to pursue, catch up, attain
iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtus/a/um = to help; to please; often used impersonally:mē iuvat, iuvāre, mē iūvit + ACCUSATIVE + infinitive = it delights me
licet, licēre, licuit + DATIVE + infinitive = it is allowed, permitted
opportet, opportēre, opportuit + ACCUSATIVE + infinitive = it behooves one ought to
placet, placēre, placuit + DATIVE + infinitive = it pleases to decide mihi placet = it pleases me or I decide
taedet, taedēre, taeduit, taesum est + ACCUSATIVE of the person bored + GENITIVE of the thing/person that is boring + infinitive = it bores mē taedet ludī = I am bored of school or school bores me
accidit, accidere, accidit, _____ + DATIVE + ut = (it) happens (impersonal)
The Short List for this chapter’s vocab:
CHAPTER 49 - OLCprōvincia, prōvinciae F. = provinceexsilium, exsiliī N. = exilesaeculum, saeculī N. = generation, ageaetās, aetātis F = agegēns, gentis F = race, people cōnsēnsus, cōnsēnsus M. = agreement fās (indeclinable) N. = right (especially divine or moral right, as opposed to legal right) nēfās (indeclinable) N. = wrong, crime (especially divine or moral crime, as opposed to legal crime or scelus)
quis? = who?, quid? = what? (This is used in questions)quis, quis, quid = anyone, anything (short for aliquis, aliquis, aliquid) “after sī, nisi, num and nē, all the “ali’s drop away.”
barbarus, barbara, barbarum = barbarianūniversī, ūniversae, ūniversa = allvalidus, valida, validum = strong, healthy ultrā + ACCUSATIVE = beyondquasi = as if
CHAPTER 49 - OLCI. Impersonal verbs (definition) :
2. Give at least 6 examples of impersonal verbs + their meanings:
“it is raining” = “it is snowing” =
“it was shining” = “it is thundering” = 3. What is the impersonal ending on perfect participles? Give 3+ Examples:
CHAPTER 49 - OLC
4. Accusative : give 4+ examples of impersonal verbs that take
the accusative of the person (+ infinitive):
5. Dative : give 3+ examples of impersonal verbs that take the
dative of the person (+ infinitive):
CHAPTER 49 - OLC
6. Impersonal verbs are often followed by an (Select: interjection / infinitive / imperative / relative clause of purpose), and if the impersonal verb is a “verb of the head” they will often introduce
! (Select: brain damage / malware / indirect statement / relative clause of characteristic)
CHAPTER 49 - OLC49.1
1. Octaviānō placuit in Oriente morārī.
2. necesse erat prōvinciās praesidiīs cōnfīrmāre.
3. tandem eī licuit Romam redīre.
4. omnēs cīvēs bellōrum cīvīlium taeduit.
CHAPTER 49 - OLC49.1
5. quandō nōbīs licēbat pāce fruī ?
6. nōs oportet Octaviānō pārēre, quod pācem populō Romānō restituit.
7. Maecēnatem iuvābat poētās fovēre.
CHAPTER 49 - OLC49.1
8. Quintum urbis strepitūs taedēbat.
9. Maecēnātī placuit Quintō fundum dare.
10. Quintum oportuit Rōmam redīre sed eī placuit in fundō manēre.
CHAPTER 49 - OLC
RULE: Intransitive verbs must be used impersonally in the passive.
II. What is an intransitive verb? Explain:
2. Explain the rule given above & give an example from Latin: 3. Translate: Ferōciter pugnātur:
Ferōciter pugnātum est:
CHAPTER 49 - OLC4. Another related idea: Verbs of motion can be used impersonally in the passive:
Verbs of motion (go, come, run, arrive, etc) can be used impersonally in the passive, BUT (1) translate them in the ACTIVE voice & (2) supply a subject form context. [they make no sense in the English passive]
EXAMPLE: Ad silvam itur = They/we/you’ll* come to the forest. (*supply subject from the context)
TRANSLATE: Ad silvam itum est =
Ad silvam ibitur =
per viās errātum est. =
undique concurritur =
undique concursum est =
in eandem speluncam venitur =
in eandem speluncam ventum est =
CHAPTER 49 - OLC
RULE: Verbs that take the dative case (in the active) become Impersonal verbs in the passive
Example : captīvīs parcitur = it is being spared to the captives “the captives are being spared.”
Translate:
1. captīvīs parsum est =
2. mihi persuādētur =
3. tibi persuāsum est =
CHAPTER 49 - OLC
4. Cleopātrae imperābitur =
5. Cleopātrae imperātum erat =
6. tibi ignōscētur =
7. vōbīs ignōtum est =
CHAPTER 49 - OLC49.2
1. Antoniō nuntiātum est Octaviānum omnibus cum copiīs in Aegyptum prōgredī.
2. eī placuit prope Alexandrīam proelium committere.
CHAPTER 49 - OLC49.2
3. terrā marīque ferociter pugnātum est; tandem tamen Antoniī copiae fugerent.
4. omnibus captivīs ab Octaviānō parsum est.
CHAPTER 49 - OLC49.2
5. Octavianī copiae Alexandrīam progressae sunt. ubi in urbem ventum est, nuntium ad Cleopatram mīsit.
6. Cleopatrae imperātum est ut turrem relinqueret.
CHAPTER 49 - OLC49.2
7. nuntius ‘si te dedideris,’ inquit, ‘tibi ignoscētur.’
8. sed eī non persuāsum est ut sē dederet.
CHAPTER 49 - OLC49.3Translate the following into Latin, using impersonal verbs for the phrases in bold.
1. We set out at the first hour and hurried into the hills; before midday we reached the top of the mountain.
2. We decided (= it was pleasing to us) to wait there for two hours.
CHAPTER 49 - OLC49.3Translate the following into Latin, using impersonal verbs for the phrases in bold.
3. But we were not allowed to rest for long.
4. For a shepherd warned us not to delay, and we were persuaded to descend at once.
CHAPTER 49 - OLC49.3Translate the following into Latin, using impersonal verbs for the phrases in bold.
5. It was a long and difficult journey, and before we reached home, I was tired of the mountains.
6. It irked most people to sit around the tree.
CHAPTER 49 - OLCMore Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book):
1. scelus istud faterī tibi necesse est. (fateor, fatērī, fessus sum = admit)
2. necesse est (ut) scelus istud fateāris. (fateor, fatērī, fessus sum = admit)
3. oportēbat nos abīre quod orationem Catilinae audīre nolēbāmus.
4. nōnne licebit Caesāri de hīs rēbus sententiam dīcere?
CHAPTER 49 - OLCMore Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book):
5. me ipsum amēs oportet. (= oportet ut me ipsum amēs.)
6. sapiēns scit omnes homines perīre necesse est.
7. fīlium exspectāre oportet dum redeat pater.
8. tāle mihi liceat carmen scrībere quāle omnes laudābant. (tāle…quāle = such…as)
CHAPTER 49 - OLCMore Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book):
9. nocte in templum īre nōn licitum est. (licet, licebat, licebit, licitum erat)
10. honestus sīs omnibus rēbus necesse erit. (supply ut with sīs)
11. licetne ut consul fiat iste homo? (= licetne istī hominī fierī consulī?)
12. poēta in exsilium pulsus ōrābat ut Rōmam redīre licēret.
CHAPTER 49 - OLCMore Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book):
13. poēta in exsilium pulsus ōrat ut Rōmam redīre liceat.
14. Bellum aut nōn gerī aut conficī quam primum oportet.
15. Caesaris maximē intererat quid in provinciā fieret.
16. fratris me quidem pudet pigetque. Tēne eius misēret?
CHAPTER 49 - OLCMore Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book):
17. nos misērēbat omnium hominum servitute oppressōrum.
18. cuius cīvis non refert Catilinam sine morā interfici? (refert = it is important/ it concerns)
19. nihilne putās referre utrum cadat res publica necne?
20. nonne intellegis multum interesse scelus faterī. (see above)
CHAPTER 49 - OLCMore Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book):
21. quod ē proeliō fugi me pudēbat.
22. mē nōn paenitēbat facere idem quod tu.
23. numquam tuī oblivīscar nec mē pigēbit nostri amōris meminisse.
24. dīc mihi pudeatnē te tuī sceleris necne.
CHAPTER 49 - OLCThe gender of 3rd declension nouns-er type
Ch. 49/P.S.
o Most 3rd declension nouns ending in –er in the nominative singular are masculine
o Exceptions: māter (F.), mulier (F.), linter (F.), iter (N.), vēr (N.)
The gender of 3rd declension nouns-or/-ōs type
Ch. 49/P.S.
o Most 3rd declension nouns ending in -or/-ōs in the nominative singular are masculine
o Exceptions: soror (F.), uxor (F.), arbor/arbōs (F.), cor (N.), aequor (N.)
The gender of 3rd declension nouns-iō type
Ch. 49/P.S.
o Most 3rd declension nouns ending in -iō in the nominative singular are feminine
o Exceptions: centuriō (M.), decuriō (M.)
CHAPTER 49 - OLCThe gender of 3rd declension nouns-ās type
Ch. 49/P.S.
o All 3rd declension nouns ending in -ās in the nominative singular are feminine
o Exceptions: gigās “giant” (M.)
The gender of 3rd declension nouns-ūdō type Ch. 49/P.S.
o All 3rd declension nouns ending in -ūdō in the nominative singular are feminine
The gender of 3rd declension nouns-e/-us/-en type
Ch. 49/P.S.
o ALL 3rd declension nouns ending in –e/-us/-en in the nominative singular are NEUTER
Examples: mare (sea), genus (race), corpus (body, stercus (dung), flūmen (river), lumen (light)
CHAPTER 49 - OLC
Finis