what’s the matter? all of the materials around you are made up of matter. you are made up of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What’s the Matter?
All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe.
1. Give an example of solid matter.
2. Give an example of liquid matter.
3. Give an example of gaseous matter.
4. Is all matter visible?
5. Does all matter take up space?
Section 2-1
Interest Grabber
![Page 2: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2–1 The Nature of MatterA. Atoms
B. Elements and Isotopes
1. Isotopes
2. Radioactive Isotopes
C.Chemical Compounds
D.Chemical Bonds
1. Ionic Bonds
2. Covalent Bonds
3. Van der Waals Forces
Section 2-1
Section Outline
![Page 3: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
6
CCarbon12.011
Section 2-1
An Element in the Periodic Table
![Page 4: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Individual substances, Substance which cannot be broken down or subdivided by ordinary chemical means. Pure substances made up of only one type of atom
![Page 5: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).
All matter is made up of atoms.
Matter
![Page 6: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Periodic Table, Biological Essentials
![Page 7: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ATOMSATOMS
The small units of matter 2 major Parts
Nucleus (Protons+Neutrons) Electron cloud
Atoms are smaller than cells
![Page 8: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Structure of an atom
Electron Cloud Nucleus
![Page 9: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
NucleusNucleus
+Found in the center of an atom.+Found in the center of an atom.+Contains :+Contains :
protons (+ charge) protons (+ charge) neutrons (neutral charge) neutrons (neutral charge)
+The nucleus has an overall positive charge(+).+The nucleus has an overall positive charge(+).
http://www.purchon.com/chemistry/atoms.htm
![Page 10: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Electron Cloud (shells)Electron Cloud (shells)
--Found outside of the nucleus.--Made solely of electrons--Has a negativecharge(-).
http://www.purchon.com/chemistry/atoms.htm
![Page 11: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Located in the nucleus.Positively (+)charged subatomic particles.
![Page 12: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ElectronsElectrons Negatively (-) charged Negatively (-) charged
subatomic particles.subatomic particles.
http://www.purchon.com/chemistry/atoms.htm
![Page 13: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The number of protons found in an Atom AKA the proton numberHelps you locate an element on the periodic table.
Atomic Number
![Page 14: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
12
C
6
____Protons
____Neutrons
_____Electron
_____Atomic Mass
Try to draw the carbon atom showing the electron levels!
Identify the following for each of the elements listed.
![Page 15: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
35 Cl17
12
C
6
23
NA
11
____Protons
____Neutrons
_____Electron
_____Atomic Mass
Identify the following for each of the elements listed.
![Page 16: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
31
P
15
16
O
8
209
Bi
83
____Protons
____Neutrons
_____Electron
_____Atomic Mass
![Page 17: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS
Dihydrogen Monoxide Conspiracy???Dihydrogen Monoxide Conspiracy???Current allegations suggest that the United States Environmental Protection Agency Current allegations suggest that the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) may be conspiring to cover up the whole DHMO issue. Attempts by DHMO (EPA) may be conspiring to cover up the whole DHMO issue. Attempts by DHMO researchers to elicit comment from the EPA regarding the possible coverup were researchers to elicit comment from the EPA regarding the possible coverup were either ignored or dodged, leading researchers to infer the alleged cover-up.either ignored or dodged, leading researchers to infer the alleged cover-up.http://www.circus.com/~no_dhmo/http://www.dhmo.org/coverup.html
![Page 18: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS
A COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTSA COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS
THEY ARE MADE UP OF THEY ARE MADE UP OF 2 OR MORE DIFFERENT 2 OR MORE DIFFERENT KINDS OF ATOMSKINDS OF ATOMS
EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES: COCO2, 2, HH22O, & CO, & C6 6 HH1212OO66
![Page 19: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Any compound that does not contain the elements carbon and hydrogen is inorganic.Examples:
> carbon dioxide > calcium carbonate> water > salts> Phosphates> bases and certain acids
Inorganic Compounds
![Page 20: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Electron ShellsThe Electron Shells
P=___N=___
(___e- )
(___e- )
![Page 21: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Electron ShellsThe Electron Shells
P=___N=___
(___e- )
(___e- )
(___e- )
![Page 22: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
IonsIons
What is an Ion?
A positively or negatively charged atom.
![Page 23: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Isotope
An Isotope is?
![Page 24: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Page 57 in text
![Page 25: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Page 57 in text
![Page 26: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Hydrogen atoms only need two electrons in their outer level to reach the noble gas structure of helium. Once again, the covalent bond holds the two atoms together because the pair of electrons is attracted to both nuclei.
![Page 27: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Page 56 in text
![Page 28: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Atoms of the same element some-times form covalent bonds with each other.
•Hydrogen, H2
•Oxygen, O2
•Nitrogen•Chlorine
Diatomic Molecules
![Page 31: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Nonradioactive carbon-12 Nonradioactive carbon-13 Radioactive carbon-14
6 electrons6 protons6 neutrons
6 electrons6 protons8 neutrons
6 electrons6 protons7 neutrons
Section 2-1
Figure 2-2 Isotopes of Carbon
![Page 32: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Sodium atom (Na) Chlorine atom (Cl) Sodium ion (Na+) Chloride ion (Cl-)
Transferof electron
Protons +11Electrons -11Charge 0
Protons +17Electrons -17Charge 0
Protons +11Electrons -10Charge +1
Protons +17Electrons -18Charge -1
Section 2-1
Figure 2-3 Ionic Bonding
![Page 33: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Sodium atom (Na) Chlorine atom (Cl) Sodium ion (Na+) Chloride ion (Cl-)
Transferof electron
Protons +11Electrons -11Charge 0
Protons +17Electrons -17Charge 0
Protons +11Electrons -10Charge +1
Protons +17Electrons -18Charge -1
Section 2-1
Figure 2-3 Ionic Bonding
![Page 34: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Water, Water Everywhere
If you have ever seen a photograph of Earth from space, you know that much of the planet is covered by water. Water makes life on Earth possible. If life as we know it exists on some other planet, water must be present to support that life.
Section 2-2
Interest Grabber
![Page 35: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
1. Working with a partner, make a list of ten things that have water
in them.
2. Exchange your list for the list of another pair of students. Did your lists contain some of the same things? Did anything on the other list surprise you?
3. Did either list contain any living things?
Section 2-2
Interest Grabber continued
![Page 36: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
2–2 Properties of WaterA. The Water Molecule
1. Polarity
2. Hydrogen Bonds
B. Solutions and Suspensions
1. Solutions
2. Suspensions
C. Acids, Bases, and pH
1. The pH Scale
2. Acids
3. Bases
4. Buffers
Section 2-2
Section Outline
![Page 37: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Do Now:1. “Get ready for class”2. How long can you survive without food and water?
HW:
Webquest
![Page 38: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Do Now:1. “get ready for class”2. How long can you survive without food and water?
Food 30-40 days
Water 5 days
![Page 39: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Water is important
It makes up 66-75% of your body 75% of Americans are chronically dehydrated. 37% of Americans, the thirst mechanism is so weak that it is often mistaken for hunger.Even MILD dehydration will slow down ones metabolism as much as 5%.Lack of water is the #1 trigger of daytime fatigue. (If you feel tired some morning, try drinking a pint of pure water....)research indicates that 8-10 glasses of water a day could significantly ease back and joint pain for up to 80% of sufferers. A mere 2% drop in body water can trigger fuzzy short memory, trouble with basic math, and difficulty focusing on the computer screen or on a printed page.According to some nutritionists, drinking 5 glasses of water daily decreases the risk of colon cancer by 45%, plus it can slash the risk of breast cancer by 79%, and one is 50% less likely to develop bladder cancer.
![Page 40: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
A. The Water Molecule
1. Polarity
2. Hydrogen Bonds
B. Solutions and Suspensions
1. Solutions
2. Suspensions
C. Acids, Bases, and pH
1. The pH Scale
2. Acids
3. Bases
4. Buffers
2–2 Properties of Water
![Page 41: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Water Quality
![Page 42: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The Importance of Water
Properties of Water
Composition and polarity
Hydrogen bonding properties
![Page 43: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Ions in Water
![Page 44: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The Importance of Water
![Page 45: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
The Importance of Water
Properties of Water
Chemical composition of seawater
![Page 46: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The Importance of Water
The Hydrologic Cycle
![Page 47: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The Importance of Water
Our Supply of Fresh Water
![Page 48: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The Importance of Water
Types of water:
– surface water
– runoff
– drainage basin
– groundwater
– aquifers
![Page 49: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Water formation
Covalently bonded water has is neutral
BUT due polar due to the uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
Made of Hydrogen bonds
![Page 50: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds are an attraction between hydrogen (positively charged due to its small size) and the negative charge on another molecule.
Hydrogen bonds are weak.
The drawing below shows hydrogen bonds between water molecules..
![Page 51: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Why are water molecules attracted to one another? (cohesive)
![Page 52: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Salt Water formation
•In solution, crystals of salt separate and no longer exists as the usual atoms.
•Salt dissolves in water because the charged portions of the water molecule (H20) have stronger attraction for the ions than they have for each other.
•Sodium loses the electron to form positive ion, Na+; chlorine gains one to make a negative ion, Cl-.
![Page 53: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Cl-
Water
Cl-
Na+
Water
Na+
Figure 2-9 NaCl Solution
![Page 54: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Section 2-2
Cl-
Water
Cl-
Na+
Water
Na+
Figure 2-9 NaCl Solution
![Page 55: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Salt Water formation
The mean electrical charge of a salt solution is zero, because there is one Na+ ion for every Cl- ion. Thus, they balance each other out.
+ =
H20 + NaCl = Na+ Cl -
![Page 56: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Solutions
Solution: ions being gradually dispersed in the water……evenly throughout – Solute: The substance being dissolved – SOLVENT: the substance in which the solute is being dissolved.
• Ex: water, lipids(oils), Alcohol
Suspensions: mixtures of water containing non-dissolved particles– Ex: blood
![Page 57: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Copy these two Note cards down!Copy these two Note cards down!
Front Back
H+
• HYDROGEN ION• If in high concentration, solution is an ACID
Front Back
OH-
• HYDROXIDE ION• If in high concentration, solution is a BASE
![Page 58: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
pH: pH is the ratio of H+ (hydrogen) and OH- (Hydroxide) ions. When both are in equal concentration in pure
Acidic Solution Neutral Basic Solution
the water has a pH less then 7.0-6.5 pHs
pH = 7 the water has a pH above 7.7.5-14
an excess of H+ ions H+ = -OH an excess of OH- ions
HCL H+ Cl- H+ -OHH20 NaOH Na+ -OH
![Page 59: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Oven cleaner
Bleach
Ammonia solution
Soap
Sea water
Human bloodPure waterMilkNormalrainfall
Acid rainTomatojuice
Lemon juice
Stomach acid
NeutralIn
crea
sing
ly B
asic
Incr
easi
ngly
Aci
dic
pH Scale
![Page 60: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
pH scaleAcidity
![Page 61: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
pH scalealkalinity
![Page 62: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Summary:
Why are we going to use buffered stones in our aquarium?
![Page 63: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Methane Acetylene Butadiene Benzene Isooctane
Section 2-3
Figure 2-11 Carbon Compounds
![Page 64: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 1
Atomic Structure
![Page 65: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 2
Energy Levels and Ionic Bonding
![Page 66: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 3
Covalent Bonding
![Page 67: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 4
Enzymatic Reactions
![Page 68: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Oven cleaner
Bleach
Ammonia solution
Soap
Sea water
Human bloodPure waterMilkNormalrainfall
Acid rainTomatojuice
Lemon juice
Stomach acid
NeutralIn
crea
sing
ly B
asic
Incr
easi
ngly
Aci
dic
Section 2-2
pH Scale
![Page 69: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Cl-
Water
Cl-
Na+
Water
Na+
Section 2-2
Figure 2-9 NaCI Solution
![Page 70: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Section 2-2
Figure 2-9 NaCI Solution
Cl-
Water
Cl-
Na+
Water
Na+
![Page 71: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Life’s Backbone
Most of the compounds that make up living things contain carbon. In fact, carbon makes up the basic structure, or “backbone,” of these compounds. Each atom of carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level, which makes it possible for each carbon atom to form four bonds with other atoms.
As a result, carbon atoms can form long chains. A huge number of different carbon compounds exist. Each compound has a different structure. For example, carbon chains can be straight or branching. Also, other kinds of atoms can be attached to the carbon chain.
Section 2-3
Interest Grabber
![Page 72: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
1. On a sheet of paper, make a list of at least ten things that contain carbon.
2. Working with a partner, review your list. If you think some things on your list contain only carbon, write “only carbon” next to them.
3. If you know other elements that are in any items on your list, write those elements next to them.
Section 2-3
Interest Grabber continued
![Page 73: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
CarbonCompounds
include
Examples are
which contain which contain which contain which contain
Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins
Function Function Function Function
Examples are Examples are Examples are
Building Blocks Building BlocksBuilding Blocks Building Blocks
![Page 74: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
CarbonCompounds
include
Examples are
which contain which contain which contain which contain
Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins
Sugars and starches
Fats and oils DNA, RNA Hair, Nails, Muscle, hormones
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,
Function Function Function Function
Examples are Examples are Examples are
Main Energy Source backup energy Reproduction/ Regulation Support and Maintenance
Building Blocks Building BlocksBuilding Blocks Building Blocks
Glucose Glycerol, 3 fatty acids Nucleotides Amino AcidsMonosaccharide's
![Page 75: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
2–3 Carbon CompoundsA. The Chemistry of Carbon
B. Macromolecules
C. Carbohydrates
D. Lipids
E. Nucleic Acids
F. Proteins
![Page 76: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Go to Section:
two more Note cards down!two more Note cards down!
Front Back
Organic
Compound
• C-H must be present• In All living things
• C6H12O6 , CH3, C2H5O2N
Front Back
Inorganic
Compound
• Does not contain both C-H• NaCl, H2O, HCl
![Page 77: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Methane Acetylene Butadiene Benzene Isooctane
Section 2-3
Figure 2-11 Carbon Compounds
![Page 78: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds must contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H)
There are four major organic compounds:
– Carbohydrates– Lipids– Proteins– Nucleic Acids
![Page 79: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates Lipids
Proteins Nucleic Acids
![Page 80: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Carbohydrates
Major energy sourceEx. Bread, potato, rice, (ose)Glucose, maltose, lactoseOrganic compounds composed of carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) with a 2 to 1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.The three basic types:
– Monosaccharides-– Disaccharides -– Polysaccharides-.
![Page 81: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
CarbohydratesMonosaccharidesDisaccharidesPolysaccharides
What is their Function?
Dietary examples?
Building blocks
Composed of?
Made By what process?
![Page 82: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Copy this Note card down!Copy this Note card down!
Front Back
Glucose
• C6H12O6,
![Page 83: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Isomers: Isomers: Have the same chemical formula but Have the same chemical formula but different structural formula. different structural formula.
Glucose, Galactose, Ribose, Fructose::::::Glucose, Galactose, Ribose, Fructose:::::: are all are all CC66HH1212OO66
![Page 84: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Monosaccharides
• simple sugars, monomer
•least complicated (C6H12O6)
•Ex-glucose, galactose,
and fructose.
3 Types of Carbohydrates
glucose
![Page 85: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
C O
C CC C
CH2OH
C___H___O___
![Page 86: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
3 types of Carbohydrates•polyOMERS.Disaccharides
made when two Monosaccharides
(C12H22O11)
Ex-maltose, sucrose, and lactose.
![Page 87: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Disaccharide formation
![Page 88: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Starch
Glucose
Polysaccharide (Starch)
![Page 89: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
3 types of Carbohydrates
•polyMERS.
Polysaccharides
most complex carbohydrates.Plant= starch, celluloseAnimal= glycogen. Polysaccharides are large molecules that make up chains of repeating units called polymers.
CELLULOSE
![Page 90: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
What is their Function?
Lipids are Backup energy source and insulator
Dietary examples?
oils, waxes, and fats
Building blocks
1 glycerol with 3 fatty acids.
Composed of? C_H_O
Made By what process?
Made by dehydration synthesis.
Lipids
![Page 91: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Front Back
Glycerol • Building block of a LIPID• Has an Alcohol functional group
• C3H5(OH)3
![Page 92: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Front Back
R
Fatty acid• Building block of a LIPID• Has an ACID functional group• Chemical formulas varies …?• R: represents a variable
![Page 93: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Lipids
![Page 94: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Lipids Lipids are oils, waxes, and fatsBackup energy source and insulator(CHO)Lipids are made up of 1 glycerol with 3 fatty acids.Made by dehydration synthesis.
![Page 95: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Polyunsaturated fats are found in vegetable oils such
as corn oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, and sunflower oil
Saturated fats are usually solid or almost solid at room temperature. All animal fats, such as those in meat, poultry, and dairy products are saturated. Processed and fast foods are also saturated.
Monounsaturated fats typically remain liquid at extremely low temperatures. These fats are also found in vegetable oils such as olive oil, peanut oil and canola oil. ) Monounsaturated fat lowers total blood cholesterol by lowering LDL cholesterol without lowering HDL cholesterol.
![Page 96: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Lipids Hydrogenated vegetable oil (as in shortening and commercial peanut butters where a solid consistency is sought) started out as “good” unsaturated oil. However, this commercial product has had all the double bonds artificially broken and hydrogens artificially added (in a chemistry lab-type setting) to turn it into saturated fat that bears no resemblance to the original oil from which it came (so it will be solid at room temperature).
![Page 97: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
What is their Function?
MOSTLY STRUCTURAL
Countless Functions
Dietary examples?
Nuts, Meats, fish, poultry
(Pigments, hormones, Cells and tissues antibodies, Muscles, ENZYMES)
Building blocks
AMINO ACIDS
1) Amino group
2) R-variable , re: it varies
3) Carboxylic acid group
4) Central Hydrogen
Composed of? C_H_O_N
Made By what process?
Made by dehydration synthesis.
Proteins
![Page 98: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
![Page 99: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
![Page 100: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
![Page 101: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
![Page 102: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
![Page 103: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
![Page 104: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
![Page 105: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
![Page 106: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
![Page 107: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
![Page 108: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
![Page 109: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
![Page 110: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
![Page 111: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
![Page 112: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
![Page 113: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
![Page 114: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
![Page 115: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
![Page 116: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
![Page 117: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
![Page 118: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
![Page 119: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
![Page 120: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
![Page 121: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
![Page 122: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
![Page 123: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
![Page 124: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
![Page 125: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
![Page 126: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
![Page 127: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
![Page 128: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
![Page 129: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
![Page 130: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
![Page 131: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
![Page 132: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
![Page 133: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
![Page 134: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
![Page 135: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
![Page 136: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
![Page 137: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
![Page 138: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
![Page 139: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
![Page 140: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
![Page 141: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
![Page 142: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
![Page 143: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
![Page 144: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
![Page 145: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
![Page 146: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
![Page 147: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
![Page 148: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
![Page 149: What’s the Matter? All of the materials around you are made up of matter. You are made up of matter, as are the chair you sit on and the air you breathe](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e845503460f94b85874/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
Go to Section: