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capNu NghFk; epiy te;jhYk; Kaw;rpiaf;

iftplhNj!

eP rhjpf;f gpwe;jtd;! Jzpe;J epy;! vijAk; nty;!


jkpo; ,yf;fzk;

1)vOj;J:

xU nkhopia gpioapy;yhky; NgrTk;> vOjTk; Jiz GuptJ ,yf;fzk;.

jkpo; ,yf;fzk; Ie;J tifg;gLk;. mit

1.vOj;J

2.nrhy;

3.nghUs;

4.ahg;G

5.mzp MfpaitahFk;

1.jkpo; nkhopapy; cs;s nkhj;j vOj;Jf;fs; : 247

capnuOj;Jf;fs; 12

nka;naOj;Jf;fs; 18

capu;nka; vOj;Jf;fs; 216

Ma;j vOj;J 1

nkhj;jk; 247

capnuOj;Jf;fs;- >M> > >C> > V> I> >X> xs

fl;lk; Nghl;L fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s vOj;Jf;fs; Fwpy; vOj;Jf;fs;> kw;wit

neby; vOj;Jf;fs;.

Fwpy;+neby; = capu; vOj;Jf;fs;

nka;naOj;Jf;fs;: f;> q;> r;> Q;> l;> z;> j;> e;> g;> k;> a;> u;> y;> t;> o;>

s;> w;> d; (mfu tupirapy; vOJtjpy; gad;gLk;)

capUk; nka;Ak; ,ize;J capu;nka; vOj;Jf;fs; (216) cz;lhfpd;wd.

m , c v x

5 + 7 = 12


capu;Fwpy;+nka;naOj;Jf;fs;capu;nka; Fwpy; 90

capu;neby;+nka;naOj;Jf;fs;capu;nka; neby; 126

nkhj;jk; 216

,e;j capu; vOj;Jf;fs; gd;dpnuz;Lk; nka;naOj;Jf;fs; 18-k; Nru;e;J 30

vOj;Jf;fSk; KjnyOj;Jf;fs;.

2) vOj;Jf;fspd; gpwg;G 2 tifg;gLk;

KjnyOj;Jf;fspd; ,lg;gpwg;G:

ty;ypd vOj;Jf;fs; MWk; khu;gpy; gpwf;fpd;wd.

nky;ypd vOj;Jf;fs; MWk; %f;fpy; gpwf;fpd;wd

,ilapd kw;Wk; capu; vOj;Jf;fs; fOj;jpy; gpwf;fpd;wJ

Ma;j vOj;J jiyia ,lkhff; nfhz;L gpwf;fpwJ.

,lg;gpwg;G (fhw;wiwfs;)

Kaw;rp gpwg;G (xypg;G Kidfs;)

khu;G fOj;J jiy %f;F ,jo; eh gy; mz;zk;

ty;ypdk;

capu;> ,ilapdk;

MAjk;

nky;ypdk;

ty;ypd vOj;Jf;fs; - f r l j g w

nky;ypd vOj;Jf;fs; - q Q z e k d

,ilapd vOj;Jf;fs; - a u y t o s


KjnyOj;Jf;fspd; Kaw;rp gpwg;G:

capu; vOj;Jf;fs;:

m> M thiaj; jpwe;J xypg;gjpdhy; cz;lhfpwJ

,> v> V> I thiaj; jpwg;gNjhL Nky; tha;g;gy;iy eh tpsppk;G njhLtjdhy; cz;lhfpwJ

c> C> x> X> xs cjLfisf; Ftpj;J xypg;gjpdhy;

nka; vOj;Jf;fs;:

f;> q; ehtpd; Kjw;gFjp mz;zj;ij njhLtjpdhy;

r;> Q; eL eh eL mz;zj;ij njhLtjdhy;

l;> z; ehtpd; Edp mz;zj;jpd; Edpiaj; njhLtjpdhy;

j;> e; Nky;tha; gy;ypd; mbia ehf;fpd; Edp nghUe;Jtjdhy;

g;> k; Nky; cjLk;> fPo; cjLk; nghUe;Jk; NghJ cz;lhjy;

a; ehtpd; mbg;gFjp Nky;thapd; mbg;gFjpia nghUe;Jtjdhy; cz;lhjy;

u;> o; Nky;thia ehf;fpd; Edp jlTtjdhy;

y; Nky;tha; gy;ypd; mbia> ehf;fpd; Xuq;fs; jbj;J neUq;Ftjdhy;

s; Nky;thia ehtpdJ Xuq;fs; jbj;J jlTtjdhy;

t; Nky;tha; gy;iy fPOjL nghUe;Jtjdhy;

w;> d; Nky;thia ehf;fpd; Edp kpfTk; nghUe;Jtjdhy;

Mtp - capu; vOj;J mq;fhg;G - thia jpwe;J xypj;jy; (jpwj;jy;)

kplW fOj;J cuk; - khu;G

Ma;jkhfpa rhu;ngOj;J jiyia ,lkhff; nfhz;L gpwf;fpwJ. ,jd; Kaw;rp

gpwg;G thiaj; jpwe;J xypj;jNy MFk;. gpw rhu;ngOj;Jf;fs; ahTk; jj;jk;

KjnyOj;Jf;fs; Njhd;Wtjw;Fupa ,lg;gpwg;igAk;> Kaw;rp gpwg;igAk; ngw;Ws;sd.


3)vOj;jf;fspd; khj;jpiu msT:

capu; Fwpy; 1 khj;jpiu

capu; neby; 2 khj;jpiu

capu;nka; Fwpy; 1 khj;jpiu

capu;nka; neby; 2 khj;jpiu

nka;naOj;Jf;fs; khj;jpiu

Ma;j vOj;J (,JTk; nka;naOj;jhfNt

nfhs;sg;gLk;) khj;jpiu

4)rhu;ngOj;Jf;fs;: (KjnyOj;Jf;fs; rhu;e;J tUk; vOj;Jf;fs;) 10 tif

1. capu;nka; 6. Fw;wpaYfuk;

2. Ma;jk; 7. Ifhuf;FWf;fk;

3. capusngil 8. xsfhuf;FWf;fk;

4. xw;wsngil 9. kfuf;FWf;fk;

5. Fw;wpaypfuk; 10. Ma;jf;FWf;fk;

1. Xu; capnuOj;Jk; xU nka;naOj;Jk; Nru;e;J gpwf;ff; $ba vOj;J

capu;nka; vOj;jhFk;. capu;nka; vOj;Jf;fs; nkhj;jk; 216 MFk;.

msngil vd;why; jdf;Fwpa khj;jpiuapy; ,Ue;J ePz;L xypg;gJ

FWf;fk; - jd; khj;jpiu mstpy; ,Ue;J Fiwe;J xypg;gJ


capu;nka; Fwpy; - 18x5=90

capu;nka; neby; - 18x7=126

ty;ypd capu;nka; Fwpy; 6x5=30

ty;ypd capu;nka; neby; 6x7=42

nky;ypd capu;nka; Fwpy; 6x5=30

nky;ypd capu;nka; neby; 6x7=42

,ilapd capu;nka; Fwpy; 6x5=30

,ilapd capu;nka; neby; 6x7=42

v.fh: f;+m=f (1 khj;jpiu)

f;+M=fh (2 khj;jpiu)

2. Ma;jk;: (%d;W Gs;spfshy; vOjg;gLk; vOj;J)

NtWngau;fs;:-

jdpepiy

Kg;Gs;sp

Kg;ghw;Gs;sp

Nflak;

m/Nfdk;

Gs;sp

xw;W


Ma;j vOj;J jdf;F Kd; capu; Fwpy; vOj;ijAk;> jdf;F gpd;

ty;ypd capu;nka; vOj;ijAk; ngw;Nw tUk;.

v.fh: m/J> v/F> ,/J

capu;Fwpy; ty;ypd capu;nka;

3. capusngil:-

%d;W tifg;gLk;

capu; vOj;Jf;fspy; nel;nlOj;Jf;fs; VOk; jdf;Fupa ,uz;L

khj;jpiuapypUe;J %d;W khj;jpiuahf ePz;L xypg;gJ.

capusngil %d;W khj;jpiu ngw;W tUk;

nrhy;ypd; Kjy;> ,il> fil vd %d;W ,lq;fspYk; capu;neby;

msngLf;Fk;

capu; neby; msngLf;Fk; NghJ mjw;F ,dkhd Fwpy; vOj;J

Njhd;Wk; I-f;F ,-Ak;>xs-f;F c-k; ,d vOj;jhf tUk;.

Xxjy; Ntz;Lk; - Kjy;

nfLg;gJ}ck; - ,il

glhm giw - fil

capu; msngil

nra;Aspir msngil ,d;dpir msngil nrhy;ypir msngil (,irepiw msngil) nra;Aspy; Xir FiwAk; NghJ Fiwe;j Xiria epiwT nra;a

msngLg;gJ ,irepiw (m) nra;Aspir msngil MFk;.

v.fh:- nflhmu;


tplhmu;

njhohmu;

cwhmu;

nra;Aspy; Xir Fiwahtpl;lhYk; ,dpa Xirf;fhf msngLg;gJ ,d;dpir

msngil MFk;.

v.fh:- nfLg;gJ}ck;> vLg;gJ}ck;

nra;Aspy; Xir Fiwahkplj;Jk;> ngau;r;nrhy;iy tpidnar;r nrhy;yhf

khw;Wtjw;F msngLg;gJ nrhy;ypir msngil.

v.fh:- cudir,> Fbjop,> mbjop,

4. xw;wsngil:- (Xir FiwAk; NghJ xw;nwOj;Jf;fs; msngLg;gJ)

xw;wsngilapy;> nky;ypd vOj;Jf;fs; MWk;> ,ilapd vOj;Jf;fs;

ehYk; (u;> o; jtpu)> Ma;j vOj;J xd;W vd gjpNdhW vOj;Jf;fs;

msngLf;Fk;

ty;ypd vOj;Jf;;fs; MWk; (f;> r;> l;> j;> g;> w;) kw;Wk; ,ilapd

vOj;Jf;fspy; ,uz;Lk; (u;> o;) vd vl;L(8) vOj;Jf;fs;

xw;wsngilapy; msngLf;fhJ.

xw;wsngil 1 khj;jpiu msitg; ngWk;.

v.fh:- vq;q;dk;

5. Fw;wpaYfuk ;: (y;+c=Y> Fiwe;J xypf;Fk; cfuk;)

Fw;wpaYfuk;= FWik+,ay; +cfuk;

ngUk;ghYk; nra;Aspir (m) ,irepiw msngil vdpy; mTk;> ,d;dpir

msngilnadpy; cTk;> nrhy;ypir msngil nadpy; ,Ak; msngLf;Fk;.


c MdJ jdJ xU khj;jpiuapypUe;J miu khj;jpiuahf

Fiwe;njhypg;gJ Fw;wpaYfuk;.

Fw;wpaYfuj;jpd; khj;jpiu msT- khj;jpiu

nrhw;fspd; ,Wjpapy; MW ty;ypd nka; vOj;Jf;fs; cfuj;Jld;

Nru;e;J tUk; NghJ Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;.

F (f;+c)> R (r;+c)> L (l;+c)> J (j;+c)> G(g;+c)> W (w;+c)

Fw;wpaYfuk;: 6 tifg;gLk;

1.neby; njhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; 4. td; njhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;

2.capu; njhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; 5. nkd; njhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;

3. Ma;jj;njhlu;f;; Fw;wpaYfuk; 6. ,ilj; njhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;

1. neby; njhlu;f;Fw;wpaYfuk ;:

capu;neby;> capu;nka; nel;nlOj;Jf;fis mLj;J tUk;. F> R> L> J>

G> W

,uz;Nl vOj;Jf;fisg; ngw;W tUk;.

v.fh:- ML> ehL> fhL> khJ> NfhG> MW> ehF> fhR> NrW> NrhW> VJ>

NfhL

2. Ma;jj; njhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;:

Ma;j vOj;Jf;fis njhlu;e;J tUk;. F> R> L> J> G> W

v.fh:- v/F> m/J> ,/J> f/R

3. capu; njhlu;f;Fw;wpaYfuk ;:

capu; vOj;Jf;fisj; njhlu;e;J tUk; F> R> L> J> G> W.

v.fh:- moF> muR> gz;ghL> cdJ> cUG> ghyhW> NjdhW> tyJ> ,lJ

4. td;njhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;:

o;+m=o;> g;+M=gh> d;+m=d> u;+c=U


ty;ypd nka;fisj; njhlu;e;J tUk; F> R> L> J> G> W.

v.fh:- Rf;F> vl;L> gj;J> Jl;L> gl;L> fr;R> cr;R> gg;G> Fg;G> mg;G>

jw;W> ntw;W

5. nkd;nwhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;:

nky;ypd nka;fisj; njhlu;e;J tUk; F> R> L> J> G> W.

vfh:- rq;F> mQ;R> kQ;R> mq;F> tz;L> ez;L> Fz;L> njhz;L> re;J>

te;J> nghe;J

6. ,ilnjhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;:

,ilapd vOj;Jf;fisj; njhlu;e;J tUk; F> R> L> J> G> W.

v.fh:- nfha;J> va;J> rhu;G> khu;G> Ko;F> gho;F> ty;J> nry;J> vs;F> js;W

6.Fw;wpaypfuk ;:(Fiwe;njhypf;Fk; ,fuk;)

FWik+,ay;+,fuk; = Fw;wpaypfuk;

epiynkhopapd; jd; (k;+,=kp)

khj;jpiuapypUe;J Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;.

v.fh:- Nfz;kpah> nrd;kpah


Kw;wpaYfuk;:(jdf;Fupa khj;jpiuapypUe;J Fiwahj cfuk;)

jdpf;Fwpiy mLj;JtUk; F> R> L> J> G> W.

v.fh: gF> FL> jG> ngW> rpW

fhZ> cz;Z> cUK ,tw;wpy; js;S> fjT> ms;S> my;Y- ,tw;wpy; ,il> filapy; tUk;NghJ jdf;Fupa

khj;jpiuapypUe;J Fiwe;J xypg;gJ.

Ik;gJ> Ie;J - Kjypy; te;J 1 khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J

xypf;fpwJ.

jiytd;> tisak; - ,ilapy; te;J 1 khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J

xypf;fpwJ.

fliy> eliy - filapy; te;J 1 khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J

xypf;fpwJ.

afuk; tuf;Fws; cj;jpup ,fuKk;

mirr;nrhy; kpahtpd; ,fuKk; Fwpa- ed;D}y;

Fws;= Fiwe;j

jdpf;Fwpiy mLj;J tUk; cfuq;fs;>


8. xsfhuf; FWf;fk;

xs MdJ nrhy;ypd; Kjypy; kl;LNk te;J jd; khj;jpiuapypUe;J

Fiwe;J 1 khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J xypg;gJ.

v.fh: xsit> xsljk;> ntsthy;

9. kfuf;FWf;fk;:

k; MdJ jdf;Fupa khj;jpiuapypUe;J 1/4 khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J

xypg;gJ.

v.fh:

NghYk;- Nghy;k;- Nghd;k;

kUSk;- kUs;k;- kUz;k;

d fu z fuq;fspd; mLj;Js;s kfuk; jd; khj;jpiuapupUe;J

Fiwe;J xypf;fpwJ.

epiynkhopapd; sfuq;fspd;

tUnkhopapYs;s jfuj;NjhL(j;) NrUk;NghJ Ma;jkhfj; jpupAk;.

v.fh: fy;+jPJ f/wPJ> ,y;+jPJ- ,/wPJ

Ks;+jPJ- K/BJ> gy;+jPJ- g/wPJ

jw;Rl; lsnghop Ik;K topAk;

ieAk; xsTk; Kjyw;ehFk; - ed;D}y;


tUnkhopapYs;s jfuk; epiynkhopf;Nfw;g wfukhf my;yJ lfukhf

khwpg; GzUk;.

5)nrhy;(,yf;fz kw;Wk; ,yf;fpa tif)

,yf;fpa tifapy; nrhy; ehd;F tifg;gLk;

,yf;fz tifapy; nrhy; ehd;F tifg;gLk;

,yf;fpa tif ,yf;fz tif

,aw;nrhy; ngau;r;nrhy;

jpupr;nrhy; tpidr;nrhy;

jpirr;nrhy; ,ilr;nrhy;

tlr;nrhy; cupr;nrhy;

,yf;fpa tif:

1. ,aw;nrhy;:- vy;yhUf;Fk; nghUs; tpsq;Fk; tifapy; mike;j

jkpo;r;nrhw;fs;

v.fh: fhw;W> epyT> QhapW> gyifngau; ,aw;nrhw;fs;

te;jhd;> gbj;jhd;> fw;whd; tpid ,aw;nrhw;fs;

2. jpupr;nrhy;:- fw;wtu;fSf;F kl;LNk nghUs; tpsq;ff; $ba tifapy; mike;j

nrhw;fs;.

v.fh: gPyP-kapy;Njhif> cfpu;-efk;> Mop- fly;> vapW- gy;> Nta;- %q;fpy;>

kb-Nrhk;gy;> ey;FuT-tWik> Nkjp-vUik ngau; jpupr;nrhw;fs;

tpdtpdhd;-Nfl;lhd;>KLf;fpdhd;-nrYj;jpdhd;>tpspj;jhd;-

mioj;jhd;>Nehf;fpdhu;-ghu;j;jhu;>Nghw;wp- tzq;fptpid jpupr;nrhw;fs;

3. jpirr;nrhy;:-jkpo; ehl;ilr; #o;e;Js;s gpwgFjpfspy; ,Ue;J te;J jkpopy;

toq;Fk; nrhw;fs;.


v.fh: Nfzp- fpzW> ngw;wk;- gR

4. tlr;nrhy;:- tlnkhopr; nrhw;fs; (rk];fpUjk;) jpupe;Jk; jpupahkYk; jkpopy;

te;J toq;Ftij tlr;nrhy; vd;gu;.

v.fh: fkyk;-jhkiu

tp\k; (tplk;)- eQ;R

G\;gk; (Gl;gk;)- kyu;

,yf;fz tif:

1. ngau;r;nrhy;:- ngaiuAk;> ,lj;ijAk; Fwpf;Fk; nrhw;fs;.

v.fh:mk;kh> mg;gh> uhK> nrd;id> kJiu> fz;zd;> fz;zfp> khjup>

kzp

2. tpidr;nrhy;:- nraiy (,af;fj;ij) Fwpf;Fk; nrhw;fs;.

v.fh: te;jhd;> nrd;whd;> fle;jhs;> jhtpdhs;> gppbj;jhd;> Xbdhs;>

ntl;bdhd;> Juj;jpdhd;

3. ,ilr;nrhy;:- ,izg;gr; nrhy;yhf tUk; nrhw;fs;. ,it jdpahf

tuhJ ngau;r;nrhy; kw;Wk; tpidr;nrhw;fis rhu;e;Nj tUk;.

v.fh: ck;> kw;W> Nghy> My;

mz;zZk;> jk;gpAk; - ck; (,ilr;nrhy;)

,uhkidg; ghu;j;jhd; - I (,ilr;nrhy;)

fw;wjdh yha gandd; nfhy; - nfhy; vd;Dk; mirr;nrhy;Yk;

,ilr;nrhy;Ny

4. cupr;nrhy;:- gytiffg;gl;l gz;Gfisf; nfhz;L ngau;r;nrhw;fs;>

tpidr;nrhw;fis tpl;L ePq;fhJ nra;ASf;Nf cupikg; ngw;W tUtd.

v.fh: khefu;> khjtu;> cWgrpahy;> Myak; njhOtJ rhyTk; ed;W-

rhy (cupr;nrhy;)

nrhy; vd;gij nkhop> gjk;> fpstp vd;Wk; Fwpg;gplyhk;


6)gFgjk;> gfhgjk; (nrhy;):-

xU vOj;J jdpj;J epd;Nwh gy vOj;Jf;fs; Nru;e;J epd;Nwh

nghUs; jUkhapd; nrhy; vdg;gLk;. XnuOj;J jdpj;J epd;W nghUs; je;jhy;

m/J XnuOj;J xU nkhop vdg;gLk;. XnuOj;J xUnkhop nkhj;jk; (42)

ehw;gj;jpuz;L cs;sd. (v.fh: if> ij> ig> jP> it> fh> jh> g+.....)

gFj;jy;- gpupj;jy; gFgjk;- gpupf;f $Lk; gfhgjk;- gpupf;f ,ayhJ

gfhgjk;:- (4 tif)

gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy> re;jp> rhupia> tpfhuk; vd;nwy;yhk; gpupf;f

,ayhj nrhw;fs;.

1. ngau;g; gfhgjk; - v.fh: kuk;> ePu;> eha;> fhL> fiu

2. tpidg; gfhgjk; - v.fh: cz;> jpd;> fhz;> vL> XL

3. ,ilg; gfhgjk; - v.fh: jpy;> gpw> ck;> tpl> My;> Nghy> kw;W

4. cupg; gfhgjk; - v.fh: rhy> kh> edp> fb> cW> jt

gFgjk;:- (2 tif)

gpupf;f Kbe;j nrhw;fs; mjhtJ gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy> re;jp> rhupia>

tpfhuk; vd gFgj cWg;Gfs; mika gpupf;f Kbe;j nrhw;fs; gFgjk; vdg;gLk;

1.ngau;g;gFgjk;:-(6 tifg;gLk;)

1) nghd;dd; - nghUs; ngau;g;gFgjk;

2) kJiuahd; - ,lg; ngau;g;gFgjk;

3) fhu;j;jpifahd; - fhyg; ngau;g;gFgjk;

4) jiyad;> fz;zd; - rpidg; ngau;g;gFgjk;

5) ,dpad; - Fzg; ngau;g;gFgjk;

6) Xl;Leu; - njhopw; ngau;g;gFgjk;

2. tpidg;gFgjk;:-(2 tifg;gLk;)


1) njupepiy tpidg;gFgjk;v.fh: gbj;jhd;

gbj;jhd; = gb+j;+j;+Md; njupepiy

2) Fwpg;G tpidg;gFgjk; v.fh: mtd; nghd;dd;

nghd;dd;= nghd;+d;+md; Fwpg;G

j;> f;> g; Nghd;w vOj;Jf;fs; re;jpahfTk; md;> M Nghd;w vOj;Jf;fs;

rhupiaahfTk; tUk;.

,ilepiy:-

1) epfo;fhy ,ilepiyfs;:(fpW> fpd;W> Mepd;W)

cz;fpwhd;- cz;+fpW+Md;

cz;fpd;whd;- cz; +fpd;W+Md;

cz;zhepd;whd;- cz; +Mepd;W+Md;

2) ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs;:(j;> l;> w;> ,d;)

nra;jhd;- nra; +j; +Md;

cz;lhd;- cz; +l; +Md;

fw;whd;- fy; +w; +Md;

Xbdhd;-XL+,d; +Md;

3) vjpu;fhy ,ilepiyfs;:(g;> t;)

cz;ghd;- cz; +g; +Md;

nra;thd;- nra; +t; +Md;

4) vjpu;kiw ,ilepiyfs;:(,y;> my;> M)

fz;byd;- fhz;(fz;) +l; +,y; +md;

nry;yd;kpd;-nry; +my; +kpd;

$whd;- $W+M+md;

tpfhuk; gFjp jpupe;J tUtJk;> re;jp jpupe;j tUtJ tpfhuk; MFk;.

je;jhd; j+j;(e;) +j; +Md;- e; MdJ tpfhuk;


7) Ntw;Wik:-(ngaiu NtWgLj;JtJ my;yJ vOthia NtW gLj;JtJ)

Ntw;Wik vl;L tifg;gLk;:

1. Kjy; Ntw;Wik: (vOtha; Ntw;Wik) vOtha; MdJ tpidKw;W>

ngau;r;nrhy;> tpidr;nrhy; Mfpatw;Ws; xd;iw gadpiyahf nfhz;L KbAk;.

Kjy; Ntw;Wikf;Fk; vl;lhk; Ntw;Wikf;Fk; cUG ,y;iy.

v.fh: Kfpyd; te;jhd;>mtd; nrd;whd;

2. ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik: (nrag;gLg;nghUs; Ntw;Wik)

,J Mf;fy;> mopj;jy;> miljy;> ePj;jy;> xj;jy;> cilik Mfpa

mWtifg; nghUl;fspy; tUk;.

tstd; gs;spiaf; fl;bdhd; Mf;fy;

Nrhod; giftiu mopj;jhd; mopj;jy;

Njd;nkhop Nfhtpiy mile;jhy; miljy;

Fofd; rpdj;ij tpLj;jhd; ePj;jy;

fay;tpop Fapiyg; Nghd;wts; xj;jy;

fz;zd; nry;tj;ij cilatd; cilik

,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUG I MFk;.

3.%d;whk; Ntw;Wik:(ngau;g;nghUis fUtp> fUj;jh> cldpfo;r;rpg; nghUshf

NtWgLj;JtJ)

fUtp> fUj;jh vd ,U nghUs;fspy; tUk;.

fUtp - Kjw;fUtp> Jizf;fUtp vd ,Utifg;gLk;

gFgj cWg;Gf;fs; MW kl;LNk. gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy> re;jp>

tpfhuk;> Mfpait MFk;.


fUj;jh - ,aw;Wjy; fUj;jh> VTjy; fUj;jh vd ,Utifg;gLk;

v.fh: ehuhy; fapW jpupj;jhd; - Kjw;fUtp

ifahy; fapW jpupj;jhd; - Jizf;fUtp

jpUf;Fws;; jpUts;Stuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ - ,aw;Wjy; fUj;jh

Nfhtpy; murdhy; fl;lg;gl;lJ - VTjy; fUj;jh

xU vOthapd; nraYld; gpwpnjhd;wpdJ nraYk; cldpfo;tJ

cldpfo;r;rpg; nghUs; MFk;.

jhNahL Foe;ij nrd;wJ

ehNahL Fl;bAk; nrd;wJ

fUtpg;nghUspy; nfhz;L vd;Dk; nrhy;Yk;> cldpfo;r;rp nghUspy; cld;

vd;Dk; nrhy;Yk; nrhy;YUGfshf tUk;.

v.fh: E}y;nfhz;L ijj;jhd;

MWKfDld; ts;sp kapy; nrd;whs;

%d;whk; Ntw;Wik cUGfs; - My;> Md;> xL> XL

4. ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wik:

nfhil> gif> el;G> jFjp> mJthjy;> nghUl;L> Kiw> vy;iy vd gy

nghUl;fspy; tUk;.

v.fh: 1. Gytu;f;F gupR nfhLj;jhu; - nfhil

2. Neha;f;Fg; gif kUe;J - gif

3. ghupf;F ez;gu; fgpyu; - el;G

4. tPl;Lf;F xU gps;is - jFjp

5. tisaYf;Fg; nghd; - mJthjy;

6. $ypf;F Ntiy - nghUl;L

7. mdpjhTf;F kfd; md;guR - Kiw


8. jpUj;jzpf;F tlf;F Ntq;flk; - vy;iy

nghUl;L> epkpj;jk; Nghd;wit nrhy;YUGfshf tUk;.

v.fh: $ypapd; nghUl;L Ntiy nra;jhd;

Ntiyapd; epkpj;jk; maY}u; nrd;whd;

F vd;w cUGld; Mf Nrh;e;Jk; tUk;;.

v.fh: $ypf;fhf Ntiy nra;jhd;.

5. Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik:

ngah;g; nghUis ePq;fy;> xg;G> vy;iy> VJg; nghUl;fshf

NtWgLj;Jk;.

v.fh: jiyapd; ,ope;j kaph; ePq;fy;

ghypd; epwk; nfhf;F xg;G

nrd;idapd; Nkw;F NtY}u; vy;iy

mwptpy; kpf;fth; xsit VJ

,Ue;J> epd;W> tpl> fhl;bYk; Nghd;wit 5Mk; Ntw;Wikf;Fhpa

nrhy;YUGfshk;.

v.fh: Ntyd; ChpypUe;J te;jhd;.

fay;tpop vd;id tplg; nghpats;.

jkpiof; fhl;bYk; Ritahd nkhop cz;Nlh!

5-Mk; Ntw;Wik cUGfs; ,d;> ,y; Mfpad. ,y; MdJ 5-Mk;

Ntw;Wikapy; xg;G> ePq;fy;> VJg; nghUl;fspy; tUk;. 7-k; Ntw;Wikapy;

,lg; nghUspy; tUk;.

6) Mwhk; Ntw;Wik:

fpoikg; (cupikg;) nghUspy; tUk;. mJ> MJ vd;gd xUikf;Fk;> m

vd;gJ gd;ikf;Fk; tUk;.


v.fh: vdJ tPL

vdhJ tPL

ij> khrp vdj; jkpo; khjq;fs; gd;dpuz;L

6-k; Ntw;Wikr; nrhy;YUG cila vd;gjhk;.

v.fh: vd;Dila tPL

ez;gDila rl;il

6-k; Ntw;Wik cUGfs; mJ> MJ> m

7) Vohk; Ntw;Wik:

fz;> fhy;> Nky;> fPo;> cs;;> ,y; Nghd;w cUGfisg; ngw;W tUtJ.

7-k; Ntw;Wikapy; ,y; ,lg;nghUspy; tUk;.

v.fh: kzpapy; xyp

tPl;bd; fz; g+id

mtDf;F vd; Nky; ntWg;G

ngl;bapy; gzk; cs;sJ

ngl;bf;Fs; rl;il cs;sJ

8) vl;lhk; Ntw;Wik:- (tpsp Ntw;Wik)

glu;f;ifg; ngaiu Kd;dpiyg; ngauhf;fp miof;f vl;lhk; Ntw;Wik

gad;gLfpwJ.

v.fh: fz;zh th!

fpspNa NgR!

Ntw;Wikfs; cUGfs;

1-k; Ntw;Wik cUG ,y;iy

2-k; Ntw;Wik I

khiyapy; kyu;fs; 7-k; Ntw;Wik

khiyapypUe;J kyiug; gpupj;jhd; 5-k; Ntw;Wik


3-k; Ntw;Wik My;> Md;> xL> XL

4-k; Ntw;Wik F

5-k; Ntw;Wik ,d;> ,y;

6-k; Ntw;Wik mJ> MJ> m

7-k; Ntw;Wik fz;> Nky;> fPo;> cs;> fhy;> ,y;

8-k; Ntw;Wik cUG ,y;iy

Ntw;Wikfs; nrhy;YUGfs;

3-k; Ntw;Wik nfhz;L> cld;

4-k; Ntw;Wik nghUl;L> epkpj;jk;

5-k; Ntw;Wik ,Ue;J> epd;W> tpl> fhl;bYk;

6-k; Ntw;Wik cila

8)nkhop:- %d;W tif (nkhop nrhy;)

1. jdpnkhop:- xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W nghUis czu;j;JtJ

v.fh: th> fz;> nra;jhd;> kdpjd;> epyk;

2. njhlu;nkhop: xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l nrhw;fs; Nru;e;J te;J nghUis

czu;j;JtJ.

v.fh: glk; ghu;j;jhd;

gRTk;> fd;Wk; Njhl;lj;jpy; Nka;e;J nfhz;L ,Ue;jd

gs;sp Kbe;j gpwF tPl;bw;F nrd;whd;

3. nghJnkhop:- xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W xU nghUisAk;> mNj nrhy; gpw

nrhw;fSld; njhlu;e;J epd;Nwh> gpupe;J epd;Nwh NtW nghUisj; je;J>

jdpnkhopf;Fk; njhlu;nkhopf;Fk; nghJtha; miktjhFk;.

v.fh: me;jkhd; jdpnkhop

me;j+khd; njhlu;nkhop


vl;L jdpnkhop

vs;+J vs;is cz;- njhlu;nkhop

vdNt me;jkhd;> vl;L> jhkiu> gyif> itif> Ntq;if Nghd;wit

nghJnkhopahFk;.

9)ngau;r;nrhy; MW tifg;gLk;:

nghUs;> ,lk;> fhyk;> rpid(cWg;G)> Fzk;(gz;G)> njhopy; Mfpa Mwpd;

mbg;gilapy; ngau;r;nrhw;fs; Njhd;Wk;.

1. nghUl;g;ngau; kdpjd;> gR> kapy;> Gj;jfk;

2. ,lg;ngau; jQ;ir> nrd;id> ney;iy> tpUJefu;

3. fhyg;ngau; kzp> ehs;> thuk;> khjk;> Mz;L

4. rpidg;ngau; if> fhy;> jiy> fz;

5. gz;Gg;ngau; ePsk;> ntz;ik> ey;ytd;> jPatd;

6. njhopw;ngau; gbj;jy;> vOJjy;> cz;zy;

10)tpidr;nrhy;:

tpid

Kw;W vr;rk;

njupepiy tpidKw;W

Fwpg;G tpidKw;W

nganur;rk; tpidnar;rk;

njupepiy nganur;rk;

njupepiy nganur;rk;

njupepiy tpidnar;rk;

Fwpg;G tpidnar;rk;


xU nghUspd; tpidia(nraiy) czu;;j;JtJ tpidr; nrhy; MFk;.

jd;nghUspy; Kw;W ngw;W te;Js;s tpidr;nrhw;fs; tpidKw;W MFk;.

,J vOtha;f;F gadpiyaha; mikAk;. %d;W fhyq;fspy; xd;iw

czu;j;Jk;.

v.fh: te;jhd;> nrd;whd;> tUthd;> nrd;Nwd;

tpidKw;W jpiz> vz;> ghy;> ,lk; Mfpatw;iw fhl;Lk;.

tpidKw;W 2 tif

1.njhpepiy tpidKw;W:

nra;gtd;> fUtp> epyk;> nray;> fhyk;> nra;nghUs; vd;Dk;

MwidAk; njhptpj;J fhyj;ij ntspg;gilahff; fhl;LtJ.

v.fh: cOjhd;

nra;gtd; cotd;(fUj;jh)

fUtp fyg;ig

epyk; tay;

nray; cOjy;

fhyk; ,we;jfhyk;

nra;nghUs; ney;

2. Fwpg;G tpidKw;W:

nghUs; Kjy; MwpidAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> nra;gtd;> fUtp>

epyk;> nray;> fhyk;> nra;nghUs; Mfpa MwpDs; fUj;jh xd;wpid kl;Lk;

njhptpj;J fhyj;ijf; Fwpg;ghy; fhl;Lk; tpidKw;W.

v.fh:

mtd; nghd;dd;-nghd;id cilatd; - nghUs;

mtd; tpOg;Guj;jhd;- tpOg;Guj;jpy; tho;gtd; - ,lk;


mtd; rpj;jpiuahd;-rpj;jpiuapy; gpwe;jtd; - fhyk;

mtd; fz;zd;- fz;fis cilatd; - rpid

mtd; ey;yd;-ey;y ,ay;Gfis cilatd; - Fzk;.

mtd; cotd;- coTj; njhopy; nra;gtd; - njhopy;

mtd; vd;Dk; vOtha;f;F gadpiyaha; te;j nghd;dd; vd;gNj

Fwpg;Gtpid MFk;. mjhtJ nghd;id cilatdha; ,Ue;jhd;> ,Uf;fpd;whd;>

,Ug;ghd; vd Kf;fhyj;ijAk; Fwpg;ghy; czh;j;JfpwJ.

Vty; tpidKw;W:

Kd;dpiyaplj;jhiu VTjw; nghUspy; tUk; tpidKw;W. ,J

vjph;fhyj;ij fhl;Lk;. xUik> gd;ik czh;j;Jk;.

nra;tha; - Vty; xUik

nry;tPh; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W

nrd;kpd; - Vty; gd;ik

tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W:

f,a,ah; vd;Dk; tpFjpfisg; ngw;W tUk;.

tho;j;Jjy;> itjy;> tpjpj;jy;> Ntz;ly; Mfpa nghUs;fspy; tUk;.

%d;W ,lq;fspYk;> Ik;ghypYk; tUk;.

v.fh: tho;f - tho;j;Jjy;

xopf - itjy;

nry;f - tpjpj;jy;

thopa> thopau; - tho;;j;Jjy;

cld;ghLk;> vjpu;kiwAk;:

midj;J tpidKw;WfSk; cld;ghl;L nghUspYk;> vjph;kiwg;

nghUspYk; tUk;.


njhopy; epfo;tij fhl;LtJ cld;ghL

njhopy; epfohikiaf; fhl;LtJ vjpu;kiw

cld;ghL vjph;kiw

njhpepiy tpidKw;W njhLj;jhd; - njhLj;jpyd;

Vty; tpidKw;W nry;tPh; - nry;yhjPh;

tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W nrhy;Yf - nrhy;yw;f

vr;rk;:

Kw;Wg;ngwhj> KOikailahj tpidr; nrhw;fs; (m)

tpidKw;wpd; Ms;>Md; tpFjp Fiwe;J epw;Fk; nrhy;Ny vr;rk; MFk;.

nganur;rk;:

Kw;Wg;ngwhj vr;rtpid ngaiuf; nfhz;L KbtJ (mjhtJ)

Xh; vr;rtpidngaiuf; nfhz;L KbtjhFk;. ,J %d;W tifg;gLk;.

v.fh:

epfo;fhy nganur;rk; gbf;fpd;w fay;tpop> nry;fpd;w Nfhij

,we;jfhy nganur;rk; gbj;j fay;tpop> nrd;w Nfhij

vjph;fhy nganur;rk; gbf;Fk; fay;tpop> nry;Yk; Nfhij

NkYk; nganur;rk; njhpepiy nganur;rk;> Fwpg;G nganur;rk; vd

,Utifg;gLk;.

njhpepiy nganur;rk;:

Kf;fhyj;ijAk; nraiyAk; ntspg;gilahff; fhl;b> nra;gtd;

Kjyhd MWk;vQ;rp epw;FkhW miktJ.

v.fh: cz;l ,sq;Nfhtd;.

nra;gtd; ,sq;Nfhtd;

fUtp fyk;


epyk; tPL

nray; cz;Zjy;

fhyk; ,we;jfhyk;

nra;nghUs; NrhW.

te;j igaidg; ghh;j;Jf; fz;zd; epd;whd; njhpepiy nganur;rk;.

Fwpg;G nganur;rk;:

fhyj;ijNah nraiyNah czh;j;jhky; gz;gpid kl;Lk; czh;j;jp epd;W>

ngah;r;nrhy;iy nfhz;L KbAk; vr;rkhFk;.

v.fh: ey;y igad;

New;W ey;y igad;

,d;W ey;y igad; fhyj;ij Fwpg;ghy; czu;j;jp tUtJ

ehis ey;y igad;

tpidnar;rk;:- Kw;W ngwhj vr;r tpid NtnwhU tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L

KbtJmy;yJ Xu; vr;r tpid tpidiaf; nfhz;L KbtJ. fhytifahy;

tpidnar;rk;%tifg;gLk;.

1. ,we;jfhy tpidnar;rk; - gbj;J te;jhd;> Xbr; nrd;whd;

2. epfo;fhy tpidnar;rk; - gbj;J tUfpd;whd;> Xbr; nry;fpd;whd;

3. vjpu;fhy tpidnar;rk; - gbj;J tUthd;> Xbr; nry;thd;

nganur;rj;jpy; vr;rq;fs; kl;LNk nra;j> nra;fpd;w> nra;Ak; vd

fhyj;jpw;F Vw;g khWk;. tpidnar;rj;jpy; vr;rq;fs; khwh.

njupepiy tpidnar;rk;:

fhyj;ijAk;> nraiyAk; czu;j;jp tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L KbAk;

vr;rtpid> njupepiy tpidnar;rk; vdg;gLk;.

v.fh gbj;J Njwpdhd;


gbf;fr; nry;fpd;whd;

Fwpg;G tpidnar;rk;:

fhyj;ij ntspg;gilahf czu;j;jhky;> gz;gpid czu;;j;jp epd;W

tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L KbAk; vr;r tpid Fwpg;G tpidnar;rk; MFk;.

v.fh: nky;y Ngrpdhd;

fz;zd; Nehapd;wp tho;e;jhd;

Kw;nwr;rk;:- xU tpidKw;Wr; nrhy;> vr;rg;nghUspy; te;J kw;nwhU

tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L KbtJ.

v.fh: ikjpyp te;jds; ghbds;

KUfd; gbj;jdd; Njwpdd;

11),LFwpg;ngaUk;> fhuzg;ngaUk;:

ve;j fhuzKk; ,y;yhky; ek; Kd;Ndhu;fs; xU nghUSf;F

FwpaPlhf ,l;lg; ngaNu ,LFwpg; ngauhFk;.

VNjDk; xu fhuzk; fUjp ,lg;gl;l ngau;fs; fhuzg;ngauhFk;.

kuk;> fhL> kiy Nghd;wit ,LFwpg;ngauhapDk; nghJthf tUtjdhy;

,LFwpg; nghJngau;.

,LFwpg; ngau;

,LFwp nghJg;ngau;

,LFwp rpwg;Gg;ngau;

fhuzg; ngau;

fhuzg; nghJg;ngau;

fhuzr; rpwg;Gg;ngau;

v.fh: kuk;

fhL

kiy

v.fh: khkuk;

njd;id

Ntg;gq;fhL

gdq;fhL

kUjkiy

godpkiy

v.fh: gwit

v.fh: fhfk;

Fapy;

Gwh

fpsp

tisay;


kh> gyh> thio> godpkiy> kUjkiy Nghd;wit rpwg;gha;> ,LFwpaha;

tUtjhy; ,LFwp rpwg;Gg; ngau; MFk;.

gwit vd;gJ midj;J gwitfSk; nghJtha;> fhuzj;NjhL

tUtjdhy; fhuzg; nghJg;ngau; MFk;.

tisay; vd;gJ tl;lkhf ,Ug;gijf; Fwpj;jhYk; ifapy; mzptij

kl;LNk rpwg;gha; Fwpg;gjhy; fhuzr; rpwg;G ngau; MFk;.

12)%tifg; Nghypfs;:

xU nrhy;ypy; Kjypy; cs;s vOj;Njh> ,ilapy; cs;s vOj;Njh>

filapy; cs;s vOj;Njh khWgl;lhYk; nghUs; khWglhky; ,Ue;jhy; mJ

Nghyp vdg;gLk;.

KjnyOj;J khwpdhYk; nghUs; khWglhky; tUtJ Kjw;Nghyp vdg;gLk;.

v.fh: kQ;R - ikQ;R> kay; - ikay;

,ilnaOj;J khwpdhYk; nghUs; khWglhky; tUtJ ,ilg;Nghyp

vdg;gLk;.

v.fh: KuR KiuR> murpay; miurpay;> muR miuR

ge;jy; - ge;ju;> mfk; - mfd;> fyk; - fyd;

nrhy;ypy; cs;s midj;J vOj;Jf;fSk; khWgl;lhYk; nghUs;

khWglhky; tUtJ Kw;Wg; Nghyp vdg;gLk;.

v.fh: Ie;J mQ;R

13)tof;F:

ek; Kd;Ndhu;fs; ve;jg; nghUis ve;jr; nrhy;yhy; toq;fpte;jhu;fNsh>

mijmg;gbNa ehKk; toq;fp tUtJ tof;F MFk;.


tof;F 2 tif

,ay;G tof;F: 3 tif jFjptof;F 3-tif

1. ,yf;fzKilaJ 1. ,lf;fulf;fy;

2. ,yf;fzg; Nghyp 2. kq;fyk;

3. kUc 3. FOcf;Fwp

,ay;G tof;F:

1. ,yf;fzKilaJ:- ,yf;fzg; gpio ,y;yhky; nrhw;fis toq;fp

tUtJ.

v.fh: ahopdp ghlk; gbj;jhs;

khL te;jJ

2. ,yf;fzg;Nghyp:- ek;Kd;Ndhu;fs; ,yf;fzKilaJ Nghy toq;fp tUk;

nrhw;fs;.

v.fh:- Gwefu;> tha;f;fhy;> Edpf;nfhk;G

,yf;fzKilaJ ,yf;fzg;Nghyp

efu;g;Gwk; Gwefu;

fhy;tha; tha;f;fhy;

Edpf;nfhk;G nfhk;GEdp

3. k&c:- kUfp tUjy; my;yJ rpije;J tUjiy k&c vd;gu;.

v.fh:

jQ;rht+u; vd;gij jQ;ir

Nfhak;Gj;J}u; vd;gij Nfhit

jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp vd;gij jpUr;rp

jFjptof;F:-


1. ,lf;fulf;fy;:- gyu; Kd;Nd $w ,ila+uhf ,Uf;Fk; nrhw;fis ePf;fpj;

jFe;j nrhw;fshy; toq;FtJ.

v.fh: tha; fOtp te;Njd; vd;gij tha;g;g+rp te;Njd; vdf; $WtJ.

2. kq;fyk;:- mkq;fykhd nrhw;fis ePf;fp kq;fykhd nrhy;yhy;

toq;FtJ.

v.fh: ,we;jtiu>,iwtdbr; Nru;e;jhu; vd kq;fykhf $Wjy;.

3. FOcf;Fwp:- xU FOtpdUf;F kl;LNk nghUs; GupAk; gb toq;fg;gLk;

nrhw;fs;.

v.fh: nghw;nfhy;yd; nghd;idg; gwp vdf; $WtJ mtu;fSf;F kl;LNk

njupe;j xd;whFk;.

14)njhifepiyj; njhlh;fs;: 6tif

nrhw;fs; njhluhFk; NghJ> ,U nrhw;fSf;F ,ilNa Ntw;Wik>tpid>

ctikKjypatw;Ws; xd;W kiwe;J tUk;. ,t;thW cUGfs; kiwe;J tUk;

njhlh;fisnjhifepiyj; njhlh;fs; vd;gh;.

1.Ntw;Wikj;njhif:

,U nrhw;fSf;F ,ilapy; Ntw;Wik cUG kiwe;J tUkhapd; mJ

Ntw;Wikj;njhifahFk;. Ntw;Wik vl;L tifg;gLk; vd;gij Kd;Ng

ghh;j;Njhk;.Kjy; kw;Wk; vl;lhk; Ntw;Wikf;F cUG ,y;iy.

v.fh

1. ghy; gUfpdhd; ghiyg; gUfpdhd;.I vd;Dk; ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik

cUGkiwe;J te;Js;sjhy;> ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif.

njhif njhf;fp kiwe;J tUjy;


2. jiy tzq;fpdhd; %d;whk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif (My; kiwe;J

te;Js;sJ)

3. Ntyd; kfd; ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif (F vd;Dk; 4-k;

Ntw;Wik cUG kiwe;J te;Js;sJ)

4. Cu;ePq;fpdhd; 5-k; Ntw;Wik njhif (Cu;+,d;+ePq;fpdhd; - 5-k;

Ntw;Wik cUG ,d; kiwe;J te;Js;sJ.)

5. nrq;Fl;Ltd; rl;il 6-k; Ntw;Wikj; njhif (mJ vd;Dk; 6-k;


6. Fifg;Gyp 7-k; Ntw;Wikj; njhif (Fif+fz;+Gyp) (fz; vDk;


2.tpidj;njhif:-

%d;W fhyj;ijAk; fhl;Lk; ,ilepiyfSk; nganur;r tpFjpAk; kiwe;J

tUk; nganur;rk; tpidj; njhif MFk;.

fhyq;fue;j nganur;rk; tpidj;njhif ed;D}y;

v.fh: cz;fyk;

cz;l fyk; - ,we;j fhyk;

cz;Zfpd;w fyk; - epfo;fhyk;

cz;Zk; fyk; - vjpu;fhyk;

,NjNghy;> CWfha;> nra;njhopy;> MLnfhb> gha;Gyp> miyfly;>

tUtz;b Nghd;witAk; tpidj; njhiffNs.

3. gz;Gj;njhif:

nrhw;fspy; Md vd;Dk; gz;GUGk; ik tpFjpAk; njhf;fp (kiwe;J)

tUtJ.


v.fh:

ntz;zpyT - ntz;ik Md epyT

rJuf;fy; - rJukhd fy;

,d;Rit - ,dpikahd Rit

Fwpg;G:- xU rpwg;Gg; ngaUf;;Fk;> nghJg; ngaUf;Fk; ,ilapy; Mfpa vd;Dk;

gz;GUG kiwe;J te;jhy; mJ ,Ungaupl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhif MFk;.

v.fh: ky;ypifg; g+

ky;;ypif - rpwg;Gg; ngau;

g+ - nghJg;ngau;

4. ck;ikj; njhif:

nrhy;ypd; ,ilapYk;> ,WjpapYk; ck; vd;Dk; ,ilr;nrhy; kiwe;J

te;J nghUs; je;jhy; mJ ck;ikj; njhif MFk;.

v.fh: fgpyguzu; - fgpyUk; guzUk;

jha;je;ij - jhAk; je;ijAk;

cw;whu; cwtpdu; - cw;whUk; cwtpdUk;

5. ctikj; njhif:

nrhw;fSf;F ,ilapy; Nghy vd;w ctik cUGfs; kiwe;J tUtJ.

v.fh: fay;tpop fay; Nghd;w tpop

6. md;nkhopj;njhif:

Ntw;Wik> tpid> gz;G> ctik> ck;ik Mfpa njhifepiy

njhlh;fSf;Fg;Gwj;Nj my;yhj rpy nkhopfs; njhf;fp epd;W nghUs; jUtJ

md;nkhopj;njhif MFk;.

epwk;> kzk;> Fzk;> tbtk; Mfpatw;iwr; rhu;e;Nj gz;G ngwg;gLk;


v.fh:

fay;tpop te;jhs; fay; Nghd;w tpopia cila ngz; te;jhs; vd;W

nghUs;.,t;thW cila>ngz; Nghd;w nrhw;fs; njhf;fptUtjhy; ,J

md;nkhopj;njhifMFk;.

15)njhfhepiyj; njhlh;: (9 tif)

xU njhlupy; ,U nrhw;fSf;F ,ilapy; nrhy;Nyh> cUNgh kiwahJ

ntspg;gilahfg; nghUis czh;j;JtJ njhfhepiyj; njhlh; MFk;.

njhif kiwe;J tUjy;

njhfh kiwahJ ntspg;gilahf tUjy;

tiffs; v.fh

1. vOtha;j; njhlh; - fgpyd; te;jhd;

2. tpspj;njhlh; - fjputh! th!

3. tpidKw;Wj; njhlu; - fz;Nld; rPijia

4. nganur;rj; njhlu; - tpOe;j kuk;

5. tpidnar;rj; njhlu ; - te;J Nghdhd;

6. Ntw;Wik njhfhepiyj; njhlh; - tPl;ilf; fl;bdhd;

7. ,ilr;nrhy; njhlh; - kw;nwhd;W.

8. chpr;nrhw;nwhlh; - khKdpth;

9. mLf;Fj;njhlh; - tho;f tho;f tho;f

Fwpg;G: ctikj; njhifia mLj;J my;yhj nkhop njhf;fp tUtjhy; ctikj;

njhifiag; Gwj;Jg;gpwe;j md;nkhopj;njhif vd;Wk; $wyhk;.

Kw;W


16)MFngah;: 16tif (m) gytif

xd;wd; ,aw;ngah; jd;idf; Fwpf;fhky;> jd;NdhL njhlh;Gila

NtnwhU nghUSf;F Mfp tUtJ MFngauhFk;.

1.KjyhFngau; (m) nghUshFngau ;:- ky;ypif #bdhs;

(ky;ypif vd;gJ Kjw;nghUshfpa nfhbiaf; Fwpf;fhky; G+ vd;Dk;

rpidiaf;Fwpf;fpwJ.)

2.,lthFngah;:- Ngr;Rg;Nghl;bapy; G+z;b gs;spf;F Kjyplk;.

(gs;sp vd;Dk; ,lg;ngah; mg;gs;spapy; gapYk; khztpf;F Mfp tUtJ.)

- ,e;jpah jq;fk; ntd;wJ

- Cu; cwq;fpaJ

- cile;j Vupiag; ghu;f;f CNu jpuz;L te;jJ.

3. fhythFngau;:- ePyh jprk;gu; #b te;jhs;.

(jprk;gu; vd;Dk; fhyg;ngau; kyUf;F Mfp tUtJ)

- rpj;jpiuahd;

- fhu;j;jpif te;jhs;

4. rpidahFg;ngau;:- ntw;wpiy el;lhd;.

(ntw;wpiy vd;Dk; cWg;G (rpid) ,iyiaf; Fwpf;fhky; nfhbf;F Mfp

tUtJ)

5. FzthFg;ngau;my;yJ gz;ghFg;ngau;:- tPl;bw;F nts;is mb

(nts;is vd;Dk; gz;Gg;ngau; jd;idf; Fwpf;fhky; Rz;zhk;igf;

Fwpf;fpwJ)

- ePyk; #bdhs;

6. njhopyhFg;ngau;:- nghq;fy; cz;Nlhk;


(nghq;fy;vd;gJ nghq;Fjyhfpa njhopiyf; Fwpf;fhky; czitf;

Fwpf;fpwJ)

7. vz;zy; msitahFg;ngau;:- xd;W ngw;why; xspkak;

(xd;W vd;Dk; vz; jd;idf; Fwpf;fhky; Foe;ijf;F Mfp tUfpwJ)

- E}W vd;d tpiy?

8. vLj;jy; msitahFg; ngau ;:- Ie;J fpNyh vd;d tpiy?

(fpNyh vd;Dk; vLj;jy; msit VNjh xU nghUSf;F (gug;G>

ru;f;fiu) MfptUfpwJ)

9. Kfj;jy; msitahFg;ngau;:- %d;W ypl;lu; nfhL.> miu ypl;lu;

vt;tsT?>

(ypl;lu; vd;Dk; Kfj;jy; msit ghYf;Nfh> vz;nza;f;Nfh

my;yJ VNjDk; nghUSf;F Mfp tUtJ)

10. ePl;ly; msitahFg;ngau;:- cLg;gJ ehd;;F Kok;> ehd;F kPl;lu; nfhL

(kPl;lu;> Kok; Nghd;w ePl;ly; msitfs; jd;idf; Fwpf;fhky; jd;NdhL

njhlu;GilaJzpf;F Mfp tUfpwJ)

11. nrhy;yhFg;ngau;:-

ts;Std; nrhy; tho;f;iff;F ,dpJ

jk;gp vd; nrhy; Nfl;ghd;

(nrhy; MdJ mwpTiuf;F Mfp tUfpwJ)

12. fUtpahF ngau;:-

aho; Nfl;L kfpo;e;jhd;

Foy; Nfl;L kfpo;e;jhd;

giwiaf; Nfl;L Mbdhd;


(aho;> Foy;> giw Nghd;w fUtpfs; jd;idf; Fwpf;fhky; jd;dhy;

vOk; ,irf;F MfptUfpwJ)

13. fhupathFngau;:-

rikay; fw;whs;

rf;jp myq;fhuk; fw;whs;

(rikay;> myq;fhuk; Nghd;w fhhpaq;fs; mjw;F fhuzkhfpa E}Yf;F Mfp

tUfpwJ)

14. fUj;jhthFngau;:-

mtu; fk;gidf; fw;wtu;

mtd; ts;Stidg; gbj;jtd;

ts;Stidg; gb

(fk;gd;> ts;Std; vd;Dk; fUj;jhtpd; ngau;fs; mtu;fs; ,aw;wpa E}yf;F

MfptUfpwJ)

15. ctikahF ngau;:-

ehuju; tUfpwhu;

ghit Mbdhs;

(ehuju; vd;gJ fyf%l;LgtiuAk;>ghit vd;gJ ngz;Zf;;Fk; ctikahfp

tUtjhy; ctikahF ngauhFk;)

16. jhdpahFngau;:-

ghiy ,wf;F

ghiy Vw;W

(ghy; vd;Dk; nghUs; ,lj;jpw;F MfptUtJ jhdpahF ngau; MFk;.)(jhdk; -

,lk;)

Fwpg;G: ,lk; nghUSf;F Mfp tUtJ ,lthFngau;

nghUs; ,lj;jpw;F Mfp tUtJ jhdpahF ngau;


17)Gzu;r;rp:

,uz;L my;yJ gy nrhw;fs; ,iztJ Gzu;r;rp MFk;.

,ay;G Gzu;r;rp:- epiynkhopAk;> tUnkhopAk; vt;tpj khw;wKk; ,d;wp ,ay;ghfg;

Gzu;tij ,ay;G Gzu;r;rp vd;gu;.

v.fh:

thio+kuk; thiokuk;

nghd; +tisay; nghd;tisay;

kyu; +khiy kyu;khiy

gid+kuk; gidkuk;

Kjy;nkhop epiynkhop:-

epiynkhopapd; ,Wjp vOj;J nka;naOj;jhf ,Ue;jhy; nka;aPW

vd;W $w Ntz;Lk;. capu;nka;ahf ,Ue;jhy; capuPW vd;W nrhy;y

Ntz;Lk;.

tUnkhopapd; KjnyOj;J capu;nka;ahf ,Ue;jhy; nka;Kjy;

vd;Wk;> capuhf ,Ue;jhy; capu;Kjy; vd;Wk; $w Ntz;Lk;.

nghd; +tisay; d; nka;aPW

gid+kuk; (d; +I) capu; tUnkhopAk; NrUk;NghJ khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLkhdhy; mJ

tpfhug;Gzu;r;rp vd;gu;.


tpfhug;Gzu;r;rp %d;W tifg;gLk;:

1. Njhd;wy; - gyh+Ris = gyhr;Ris

2. nfLjy; - kuk; +Ntu; = kuNtu;

3. jpupjy; - nghd; +rpiy = nghw;rpiy

capuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rp:

capuPw;Wr; nrhy;Kd; ty;ypd vOj;Jf;fs; te;jhy;> mjd; nka;naOj;J kpFk;.

v.fh:

gyh+Ris gyhr;Ris

gdp+Nghu; gdpg;Nghu;

jpid+Jiz jpidj;Jiz

clk;gLnka;g; Gzu;r;rp:

epiynkhopapd; capuPWk;> tUnkhopapd; capu;KjYk; Nruk;NghJ t; my;yJ

a; vOj;Jf;fs; ,ilapy; Njhd;Wk;. a; kw;Wk; t; Nghd;;wit clk;gLnka;fs;

MFk;.

1. ,> I Mfpad Kd; capu; tupd; a; Njhd;Wk;.

fpsp+myF fpsp+a; +myF fpspayF

jP+vupfpwJ jP+a; +vupfpwJ jPnaupfpwJ

gid+Xiy gid+a; +Xiy gidNahiy

2. m> M> c> C> X Kd; capu;tupd; t; Njhd;Wk;.

Fz+mofp Fz+t; +mofp Fztofp

,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd;

frjg kpFk;- ed;D}y;


jpU+M&u; jpU+t; +M&u; jpUth&u;

g++mofp g++t; +mofp g+tofp

Nfh+,y; Nfh+t; +,y; Nfhtpy;

3. V Kd; caph;thpd; t;> a; ,uz;Lk; tUk;.

Nj+Muk; Nj+t; +Muk; Njthuk;

mtNd+murd; mtNdh+a; +murd; mtNdaurd;

nka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rp:

epiynkhopapd; nka;aPWk;> tUnkhopapd; capu;KjYk; cly;Nky;capu;te;J

xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb GzUk;.

v.fh:

ghy; +Mil ghyhil

kyu; +mb kyub

fdy; +Vup fdNyup

fly; +Xuk; flNyhuk;

Fwpiy mLj;J tUk; nka;aPWfs; tUnkhopapd; capu; KjYld; GzUk;

NghJ jd;ndhw;wpul;ly; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb GzUk;.

v.fh:

fz;+moF fz; +z; +moF fz;zofp

, < I top at;Tk; Vid

capu;top tt;Tk; V Kd; ,UikAk;

capu;tupd; clk;gL nka;nad;whFk; ed;D}y;


fy; +miz fy; +y; +miz fy;yiz

fz; +Mb fz; +z; +Mb fz;zhb

gy; +moF gy; +y; +moF gy;yoF

tpz; +muR tpz; +z; +muR tpz;zuR

jpirg;ngau; Gzu;r;rp:

ehd;F jpirg;ngau;fNshL jpirg;ngau;fSk;> gpw ngau;fSk; Gzu;tJ.

1. tlf;F+fpof;F tlfpof;F

tlf;F+Nkw;F tlNkw;F

(epiynkhopapd; f;F vOj;Jf;fs; ePq;fpg; Gzu;e;Js;sJ)

2. njw;F+fpof;F njd;fpof;F

njw;F+Nkw;F njd;Nkw;F

(epiynkhopapd; F vOj;Jf;fs; ePq;fp Gzu;e;jJ)

2. njw;F+jpir njd;jpir

(epiynkhopapd; F ePq;fp w; MdJ d; Mf khwpg; Gzu;e;Js;sJ)

3. fpof;F+ehL fPo;ehL

cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng

jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W capu;tupd; ,ul;Lk; - ed;D}y;


(epiynkhopapd; ,Wjpahf f;F ePq;fp o vd;Dk; capu;nka;apy; mfuk; ePq;fpfp

vd;Dk; Kjy; vOj;J fP vd ePz;L Gzu;e;jJ)

4. Nkw;F+ehL Nky;ehL> NkdhL

(epiynkhopapy; F ePq;fp w; MdJ y; Mf khwp Nky;ehL vdTk; w;

MdJ d; Mf khwp NkdhL vdTk; ,Utifapy; Gzu;e;jJ.)

jpirNahL jpirAk; gpwTk; Nrupd;

epiyaPw;W capu;nka; ft;nthw;W ePq;fYk;

wfuk; dythj; jpupjYk; Mk;gpw- ed;D}y;

gz;Gg;ngau;g; Gzu;r;rp:

epwk;> Riy> msT> tbtk; Mfpad Fwpj;J tUk; nrhw;fs;

gz;Gg;ngau;fshFk;.

1. fUik+tpop

fU+tpop (


ghrpiy (cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng)

4. gRik+$o;

gR+$o; (


1. kfu capuPW Nghy epd;W> capu;Kjy; nkhopNahL clk;gLnka;

ngw;Wg; GzUk;.

v.fh:

kuk; +mb

ku+mb

ku+t; +mb kutb

2. epiynkhopapd; kfu


ge;j; +Ml;lk;

ge;jhl;lk;

capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk; - ed;D}y;

2. tUnkhopapd; KjnyOj;J afukhapd; cfuk; ,fukhfj; jpupAk;.

v.fh:

Fuq;F+ahJ Fuq;fpahJ

3. epiynkhopapd; wfuk; tupd; Cu;e;J te;j xw;W ,ul;bj;Jg;

GzUk;.

v.fh:

MW+ghyk; Mw;Wg;ghyk;

fhL+Nfhop fhl;Lf;Nfhop

ehL+gw;W ehl;Lg;gw;W

tapW+typ tapw;Wtyp

4. nkd;njhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuq;fSy; rpy Ntw;Wikg; Gzu;r;rpapy; ,dkhd

ty;ypdj; njhluha; KbAk;.

v.fh:

kUe;J+ig kUe;Jg;ig

,Uk;G+Mzp ,Uk;ghzp

fUg;G+tpy;; fUg;Gtpy;

18)tO> tohepiy> tOtikjp:

,yf;fz Kiwg;gb NgRtJ> vOJtJ tohepiy MFk;.

,yf;fz Kiwapd;wp NgRtJ> vOtJtO MFk;.


,yf;fzKiwg;gb Fw;wKilaJ vdj; njupe;jhYk; ,yf;fz

Mrpupau;fshy; Fw;wkd;W vd;W Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLtJ tOtikjp MFk;.

tohepiy:(MW tif)

tif v.fh

1) jpiz - nry;tp ghbdhs;> khL te;jJ

2) ghy; - fz;zd; te;jhd;> ts;sp te;jhs;

3) ,lk; - ehd; tUNtd;> eP tUtha;

4) fhyk; - ehis tUNtd;> New;W te;Njd;

5) tpdh - jkpo; ,yf;fzk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;

6) tpil - jopehl;bd; jiyefuk; vJ? vd;w Nfs;tpf;F nrd;id vd

gjpy; $WtJ.

Fwpg;G: (jpiz 2 tif)

1. cau;jpiz kdpju;fs; kl;Lk;

2. m/wpiz kdpju;fs; my;yhj capUs;s>capuw;w nghUl;fs;

midj;Jk;.

ghy;: (5 tif)

1. Mz;ghy;

cau;jpizapy; 2. ngz;ghy;

3. gyu;ghy;

1. xd;wd;ghy;

2. gytpd;ghy;

,lk;:(%d;W tifg;gLk;)

m/wpizapy;


1. jd;ik - jd;idf; Fwpg;gJ

2. Kd;dpiy - Kd;dhy; ,Ug;gtiuf; Fwpg;gJ

3. glu;f;if - jd;ik> Kd;dpiyapy; my;yhjtiuf; Fwpg;gJ

v.fh:

ehd; gs;spf;Fr; nrd;Nwd;;;;; eP Vd; ,d;Dk; tutpy;iy; mtd; vq;Nf?

ehd;> ehk;> ehq;fs; - jd;ik

eP> ePq;fs; - Kd;dpiy

mtd;> mtu;fs; - glu;f;if

tO:(VO tifg;gLk;)

1. jpiz - khkh te;jJ> ML te;jhu;

2. ghy; - fz;zd; te;jhs;> ts;sp te;jhd;

3. ,lk; - ehd; tUtha;> eP tUNtd;> ehq;fs; te;jhu;fs;

4. fhyk; - ehis te;jhd;> New;W tUfpd;whd;

5. tpdh - Kl;ilapl;lJ Nrtyh? ngl;ilah?

6. tpil -ehis gs;sp cz;lh? vd;w Nfs;tpf;F ehd;

gs;spf;F tu khl;Nld; vd gjpy; $WtJ

7. kuG - eha; fiuAk;> fhfk; Fiuf;Fk;

tOtikjp:

,yf;fz Kiwapd;wp mioj;jhYk; VNjDk; xU fhuzk; fUjp Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gLtJ.

ctif> rpwg;G> cau;T> cWjp> rpdk; fhuzkhf jpiztO> ghy;tO>

fhytO Mfpait tOtikjpahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

v.fh:


gRtpid vd; mk;ik te;jhs; vd;gJ jpiztOthapDk; ctg;gpd;

fhuzkhf jpiz tOtikjpahapw;W.

nry;td; te;jhu; ,jpy; Mz;ghy; ngau;> gyu;ngau; tpidiaf; nfhz;L

Kbtjhy; ghy; tOthapDk; cau;;tpd; fhuzkhf ghy;tOtikjpahapw;W.

fz;zd; jd;idg; gw;wp gpwuplk; $Wk; NghJ ,e;jf; fz;zd; xUehSk;

ngha; $w khl;lhd; vdj; jd;ikiag; glu;f;ifahf;fpf; $WtJ

,ltOtikjpahFk;.

tPl;bd; cs; cz;ghndhUtid mtd; ez;gd; Gwj;Nj epd;wiof;f mtd;

te;Njd; vd;W $WtJ tpiuT fhuzkhf vjpu;fhyk; ,we;jfhykhapw;W.

,J fhytOtikjpahFk;.

Nju;T $lj;jpy; vspikahd tpdhj;jhisf; fz;l khztd; ahd;

Nju;r;rp mile;J tpl;Nld; vdf; $WtJ njspT fhuzkhf> vjpu;fhyk;

,we;jfhykhfp fhytOtikjpahff; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

fj;Jq; FapNyhir vd;wd; fhjpy; tpo Ntz;Lk; vd;whd; ghujp. Fapy;

$Tk; vd;gNj kuG. Fapy; fj;Jk; vd;gJ kuG tOthapDk;> ghbatu;

kfhftpahjyhy; mJ kuG tOtikjpahff; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

19)ntspg;gil> Fwpg;G:

ntspg;ilahf jd; nghUis czu;j;Jk; nrhy; ntspg;il njhlupd;

Kd; gpd; tUk; nrhw;fspd; Fwpg;ghy; nghUisj; jUtJ Fwpg;G.

Fwpg;G nrhw;fs;:

1. xd;nwhop nghJr; nrhy; 5. md;nkhopj;njhif

2. tpfhur; nrhy; 6. tpidf;Fwpg;Gr; nrhy;

3. jFjp tof;Fr; nrhy; 7. Kjw;Fwpg;Gr; nrhy;


4. MFngau; 8. njhiff; Fwpg;Gr; nrhy;

1. xd;nwhopg; nghJr;nrhy;:

xU nrhy; njhlupd; Kd; gpd; tUk; nrhw;fspd; njhlu;ghYk;>

Fwpg;ghYk; xU ghiy ePf;fp kw;nwhU ghiyr; Rl;LtJ MFk;. cau;jpiz>

m/wpiz ,uz;bYk; nghJthd nrhw;fs; tUk;.

v.fh:cau;jpizapy;

Itu; Nghu;f;fsk; nrd;wdu;

Itu; tPl;bd; Kd; Nfhykpl;ldu;

Mapuk; kf;fs; Nghu;f;fsk; GFe;jdu;

Mapuk; kf;fs; fUTapu;j;jdu;

Itu;> kf;fs; vd;Dk; nghJthd nrhw;fs; njhlupy; Kd; gpd; cs;s

nrhw;fspdhy; xU ghiy ePf;fp kWghiyr; Rl;LfpwJ.

v.fh:m/wpizapy;

,k;khL taypy; cOk;

,k;khL ghy; fwf;Fk;

,k;khL vd;w nrhy; xd;nwhopg; nghJr;nrhy;yhFk;.

v.fh:cau;e;Njhq;fp> eL ikak;

2. ,dq;Fwpj;jy;:

xU nrhy; jd; nghUisAk; Fwpj;J jdf;F ,dkhd

nghUl;fisAk; Fwpj;JtUtJ ,dq;Fwpj;jy; MFk;.

v.fh:

Fwpg;G: xUnghUl;gd;nkhop vd;gJ xNu nghUisj; jUk; gy nrhw;fs; mLf;fp tUtJ


fjpu;Nty; ntw;wpiy Nghl;lhd;

fjpu;Nty; ntw;wpiy kl;Lk; Nghltpy;iy. ntw;wpiy> ghf;F>Rz;zhk;G

vd midj;ijAk; Fwppj;J tUfpwJ.

kzpkhwd; NrhW cz;lhd;.

kzpkhwd; NrhW kl;Lk; cz;ztpy;iy. NrhW> Fok;G> $l;L Nghd;w

midj;ijAk; Fwpj;J tUtjhy; ,dq;Fwpj;jyhFk;.

20)mLf;Fj;njhlu;> ,ul;ilf;fpstp:

mirepiyf;Fk;> tpiuT> rpdk;> kfpo;r;rp> mr;rk;> Jd;gk; Kjypa

nghUs; epiyf;Fk;> nra;Aspy; ,iria epiwT nra;tjw;Fk; ,uz;L> %d;W>

ehd;F Kiw mLf;fptUtJ mLf;Fj;njhlh; vdg;gLk;.

v.fh: md;Nw md;Nw mirepiy

Ngh Ngh tpiuT

vwp vwp rpdk;

tUf tUf kfpo;r;rp

jP jP jP mr;rk;

nehe;Njd; nehe;Njd; Jd;gk;

Nfhb> Nfhb Nfhb NfhbNa ,irepiw

,ul;ilf;fpstp:

,ul;bj;J epd;W nghUs; czh;j;Jk; nrhw;fs; ,ul;bj;Nj tUk;.

gphpj;jhy; nghUs;juhJ. ,JNt ,ul;ilf;fpstpahFk;.

v.fh:

mirepiy nghUs;epiy ,irepiwf; nfhUnrhy;

,uz;L %d;W ehd; nfy;iy Kiw mLf;Fk;- ed;D}y;


1) ghit>glglntdg; Ngrpdhs;

2) fyh>fyfyntd rphpj;jhs;.

3) kuk;>klklntd Kwppe;jJ.

mLf;Fj;njhlh; ,ul;ilf;fpstp

1) nrhw;fs; jdpj;jdpNa epw;Fk;. nrhw;fs; xd;Wgl;L epw;Fk;.

2) gphpj;jhy; nghUs; jUk;. gphpj;jhy; nghUs; juhJ.

3) 2>3>4 Kiw mLf;fp tUk;. ,ul;bj;Nj tUk;.

4) tpiuT> mr;rk;> ntFsp> kfpo;r;rp Mfpait gw;wp tUk;.

,ir> Fwpg;G> gz;G gw;wp tUk;.

milnkhop:

gytifg;gl;ljhf ,Uf;Fk; nghUis ,dk; gphpj;J fhl;Ljw;F gad;gLk;

jdpr;nrhy;milnkhop MFk;.

ntz;zpyT fUepyT

fUq;fhf;if ntz;fhf;if

nrq;fjpNuhd; fUq;fjpNuhd;

jkpo; ghlE}y;>fzf;Fg; ghlE}y; Nghd;witAk; milnkhopNa.

21)ctik- cUtfk;:

xU nghUisr; rpwg;gpj;Jf;$w> mjidtpl rpwe;j NtnwhU

nghUNshLxg;gpLtNj ctkpj;Jf; $Wjy; my;yJ ctikahf $Wjy;

vdg;gLk;.

rpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; nghUs; - ctNkak;

mjw;F xg;ghff; fhl;lg;gLk; nghUs; - ctik(ctkhdk;)

milnkhop

,dKs;s milnkhop

,dkpyh milnkhop

ctikia ctkhdk; vdTk; toq;Fth;.


ctik> ctNkak; ,uz;bw;Fk; ,ilapy; tUk; cUG ctk cUG MFk;.

ctk cUG ntspg;gilahf tUtJ tphpAtik

ctk cUG kiwe;J tUtJ njhifAtik

tphpAtik njhifAtik

Njd; Nghd;w nkhop Njd;nkhop

gtsk; Nghd;w tha; gtstha;

fay; Nghd;w tpop fay;tpop

ctk cUG njhlu;

1. Nghy - fpsp Nghyg; Ngrpdhs;.

2. Giua - Nta;Giu Njhs;

3. xg;g - jhnahg;gg; NgRk; kfs;

4. cwo - KoT cwo; jlf;if

5. md;d - kyud;d Nrtb.

cUtfk;:

ctkhdj;ijAk;> ctNkaj;ijAk; NtWgLj;jhJ> ,uz;Lk; xd;Nw

vdxw;Wikg;gLj;jpf; fhl;LtNj cUtfk;.

v.fh: tha;g;gtsk;

nkhopaKJ

gy;Kj;J

Nghy Giua xg;g cwo

khd fLg;g ,iaa Va;g;g

Neu epfu md;d ,d;d

vd;gTk; gpwTk; ctkj; JUNg ed;D}y;

ctikia Vw;Fk; nghUs; - ctNkak ;


ctik cUtfk;

mKjnkhop nkhopmKJ

faw;fz; fz;fay;

Njd;jkpo; jkpo;j;Njd;

G+tpuy; tpuy;G+

kjpKfk; Kfkjp

Kj;Jg;gy; gy;Kj;J

tpw;GUtk; GUttpy;

kyh;g;ghjk; ghjkyh;.

22)nghUs; ,yf;fzk;:

nghUs; vd;gJ xOf;fKiw. nghUs; ,yf;fzk; mfk;> Gwk; vd

,Utifg;gLk;.mfg;nghUs; md;Gila jiytd; jiytp gw;wppa

xOf;fj;jpidf; $WtJ mfj;jpizvdg;gLk;. mfj;jpizfs; VO

tifg;gLk;. mit FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;>ghiy> iff;fpis>

ngUe;jpiz MfpaitahFk;.

FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy vd Ie;Jk; md;gpd;

Ie;jpizfs; MFk;.

mfj;jpizf;Fhpa nghUl;fs;>Kjw;nghUs;> fUg;nghUs;> chpg;nghUs;

vd;gd.

1.Kjw;nghUs;:

ctik ctik + ctNkak; (m) ctkhdk; + ctNkak;

cUtfk; ctNkak; + ctik(ctkhdk;)


mfnthOf;fk; epfo;tjw;F fhuzkhd epyKk; nghOJk; Kjw;nghUs;

MFk;.

Itif epyq;fs;:

1. FwpQ;rp kiyAk; kiy rhh;e;j ,lKk;

2. Ky;iy fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j ,lKk;

3. kUjk; taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lKk;

4. nea;jy; flYk; fly; rhh;e;j ,lKk;

5. ghiy kzYk; kzy; rhh;e;j ,lKk;

RuKk; RuQ; rhu;e;j ,lKk;

nghOJ 2tif:

ngUk;nghOJ (Xh; Mz;bd; MW $Wfs;)(mjhtJ ,uz;L khjq;fs;)

1) fhh;fhyk; - Mtzp> Gul;lhrp

2) Fsph;fhyk; - Ig;grp> fhh;j;jpif

3) Kd;gdpf;fhyk; - khh;fop> ij

4) gpd;gdpf;fhyk; - khrp> gq;Fdp

5) ,sNtdpw;fhyk; - rpj;jpiu> itfhrp

6) KJNtdpw;fhyk; - Mdp> Mb

rpWnghOJ:(Xh; ehspd; MW $Wfs;) (mjhtJ 4 kzp Neuk;)

1) fhiy fhiy 6 kzpKjy; 10 kzptiu

2) ez;gfy; fhiy 10 kzpKjy; 2 kzptiu

3) vw;ghL gpw;gfy; 2 kzpKjy; 6 kzptiu

4) khiy khiy 6 kzpKjy; 10 kzptiu

5) ahkk; ,uT 10 kzpKjy; ,uT 2 kzptiu

6) itfiw ,uT 2 kzpKjy; 6 kzptiu


Gj;jp ,Ue;jh Ch;y ,ue;J gpioj;Jf; nfhs;.

Itif epyj;Jf;Fk; chpa nja;tj;ij epidtpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;s:

KWf;F jpd;why; ,dpik tUk; nfhL. KUfd; jpUkhy;; ,e;jpud; tUzd; nfhw;wit. FwpQ;rp Ky;iy kUjk; nea;jy; ghiy.

jpizAk; nghOJk;:

jpiz ngUk;nghOJ rpWnghOJ

FwpQ;rp Fsph;fhyk;> Kd;gdpf;fhyk; ahkk;

Ky;iy fhh;fhyk; khiy

kUjk; MW ngUk;nghOJfs; itfiw

nea;jy; MW ngUk;nghOJfs; vw;ghL

ghiy ,sNtdpy;> KJNtdpy;> gpd;gdp ez;gfy;

k

2.fUg;nghUs;:

me;je;j epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk;> kf;fs;> czT> tpyq;F> G+> kuk;>

gwit> Ch; Kjypa nghUl;fs; fUg;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.

3. chpg;nghUs;:

1. FwpQ;rp Gzh;jYk; Gzh;jy; epkpj;jKk;

2. Ky;iy ,Uj;jYk; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk;

3. kUjk; ClYk; Cly; epkpj;jKk;

4. nea;jy; ,uj;jYk; ,uj;jy; epkpj;jKk;

5. ghiy gphpjYk; gphpjy; epkpj;jKk;.

epidtpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;s:

vw;ghL vy; + ghL vy; QhapW ghLkiwAk; Neuk;

vw;ghL #hpad; kiwAk; Neuk;

epidtpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;s:- ahUf;F khiy itj;J vd;d ed;ik


ghi

y

nfhw;wit

vapdu;> v

apw;wpau;

#iwahl

yhy

; tUk;

nghUs;

typapoe;j a

hid

Fut

k;> ghjup

,Yg;i

g> ghi

y

Gwh> gUe;J

FWk;G (F

Wk;g+u;)

tw;wpa R

id> fpz

W

Jb

topg;gw

p> epiu ftu;j

y;

ghiy a

ho;>

gQ;Rug;gz

;

nea;j

y;

tUz

d;

Nru;g;gd

;> gujd;>

guj;jpau;

kPd;> cg;Gf;Fg;

ngw;w n

ghUs;

Kjiy> Rwh

nea;jy;> jhi

o

Gd;id> Qhoy;

flw;fhf

k;

gl;bdk;> ghf;fk;

kz

w;fpz

W>

ctu;f

op

kPd;Nf

hl;gi

w

kPd; gpbj;jy;> cg;G

tpisj;jy;

tpsupa

ho;>

nrt;topg;gz

;

kUjk

;

,e;jpud

;

Cud

;> cotu;>

coj;jpau;

nre;ney;>

ntz

;nz

y;

vUik> ePu;e

ha;

nrq;fOePu;> jhkiu

kUjk;> fhQ

;rp

ehi

u> e

Pu;f;Nf

hop>

md;dk;

Ng&u;> %

J}u;

kidf;fpz

W>

ngha;if

kz

Koh>

ney;yupf

piz

ney;yupj

y;> fis

gwpj;jy;

kUj

Ky;i

y

jpUkhy

;

Njhd

;wy;> Mau;>

Mar;rpau;

tuF

> rhi

k

Kay;> khd

;> Gy

p

Ky;iy> Nj

hd;wp

nfhd

;iw> fhah

fhl

;Lf;Nf

hop> kapy;

ghb> Nr

up

fhl

;lhW

VWNf

hl;gi

w

VW j

OTjy;> epiw

Nka;j;jy;

Ky;iy

Fwp

Q;rp

KUfd;

ntw;gd

;> Fwtu;>

Fwj;jpau;

kiy n

ey;> jpid

Gyp> fub. rpq;fk;

FwpQ;rp> fhe;js;

mfpy;> Nt

q;if

fpsp> kapy;

rpWFb

mUtp ePu;> R

idePu;

njhz

;lfk;

NjndLj;jy;> fpoq;F

mfo;jy;

FwpQ;rp

fUg;n

ghUs

;

nja;t

k;

kf;fs

;

cz

T

tpy

q;F

g+ kuk;

gwi

t

Cu;

ePu;

giw

njho

py;

gz;> a

ho;


Gwg;nghUs;:

tho;f;iff;F JizGhpAk; fy;tp> nry;tk;> Gfo;> tPuk;> murpay;

Kjypa nghUl;fisg; gw;wpf; $WtJ.

mfg;nghUs; tho;tpay; vdpy; Gwg;nghUs; cyfpay; MFk;. Gwk;

gw;wpa newpfisf; $WtJ Gwj;jpiz MFk;.

Gwj;jpizfs; 12tif:

1) ntl;rpj;jpiz

2) fue;ij

3) tQ;rp

4) fhQ;rp

5) nehr;rp

6) copiQ

7) Jk;ig

8) thif

9) ghlhz;

10) nghJtpay;

11) iff;fpis

12) ngUe;jpiz

ntl;rp epiufth;jy; kPl;ly; fue;ijahk;

tl;fhh;Nkw; nry;tJ tQ;rpahk;- cl;fhJ

vjp&d;wy; fhQ;rp> vapy;fhj;jy; nehr;rp>

mJtisj;jyhFk; copiQ mjpug;

nghUtJ Jk;igahk;> Nghh;;f;fsj;J kpf;fhh;

nrUntd;wJ thif ahk; - Gwg;nghUs; ntz;khiy.


epiu Mepiu gRf;$l;lk;

tl;fhh; gifth;

cl;fhJ tplhJ vjph;j;jy;

vapy; kjpy;

mjpug;nghUtJ ntw;wpf;fhf kl;LNk NghhpLtJ.

1.ntl;rpj;jpiz:

gifehl;;bd; kPJ Nghh; njhlq;Fk; Kd; me;ehl;bYs;s MepiufSf;F

jPq;FNeuf; $lhJ vdf;fUJk; kd;dd;> jd; tPuh;fis mDg;gp mtw;iw

fth;e;J tur;nra;tJ ntl;rpj;jpiz. mt;tPuh;fs; ntl;rpg;G+itr; #br;

nry;thh;fs;.

2.fue;ijj;jpiz:

tPuh;fshy; fth;e;J nry;yg;gl;l jk; Mepiufis>fue;ijg;G+itr;

#br;nrd;WkPl;gJ.

3.tQ;rpj;jpiz:

kz;zhir fhuzkhf giftd; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;wf; fUjp

tQ;rpg;G+itr; #bNghUf;F nry;tJ.

4.fhQ;rpj;jpiz:

jd; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w te;j khw;W murNdhL fhQ;rpg;G+itr; #b

vjph;j;Jg;NghhpLjy;.

5.nehr;rpj;jpiz:

gifaurdhy; Kw;Wifaplg;gl;l jk; kjpiyf; fhj;jy; Ntz;b>

cs;spUe;Nj> ntspNa,Uf;Fk; gifaurNdhL nehr;rpg;G+itr; #bg; Nghhpl;L>

mk;kjpiyf; fhg;gJ.


6.copiQj;jpiz:

copiQg;G+itr; #ba tPuu;fs;> khw;wurd; Nfhl;ilf;Fs; GFe;J

kjpiyr; Rw;wp tisj;jy;.

7.Jk;igj;jpiz:

gifNte;ju; ,UtUk; ntw;wp xd;iwNa Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;L jk;

tPuh;fSld;NghupLtJ.

8.thifj;jpiz:

ntw;wp ngw;w kd;dd; thifg; G+itr; #b kfpo;tJ.

9.ghlhz;jpiz:

ghLjw;F jFjpAila Xh; Mz;kfdpd; fy;tp> tPuk;> nry;tk;> Gfo;>

fUiz Kjypaw;iwg; Nghw;wpg; ghLtJ.(ghL+Mz; +jpiz ghlhz;jpiz)

10.nghJtpay; jpiz:

ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; tiuAs;s Gwj;jpizfspd; nghJthdtw;iwAk;>

mtw;Ws; $wg;glhjtw;iwAk; $WtJ.

11.iff;fpis:

,J xUjiyf;fhkk; MFk;. ,/J Mz;ghy; $w;W> ngz;ghy; $w;W vd

,U tifg;gLk;.

12.ngUe;jpiz:

,J nghUe;jhf; fhkk; MFk;.,JTk; Mz;ghw;$w;W> ngz;ghw;$w;W vd

,U tifg;gLk;.


23)gh tiffs;: (4tif)

ntz;gh> Mrphpag;gh> fypg;gh> tQ;rpg;gh vd ehy;tif.

1.ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk;:

nrg;gNyhir ngw;W tUk;.

,uz;L mb Kjy; gd;dpnuz;L mb tiu tUk;.(2-12 mb tiu)

tpsr;rPh;)> ntz;rPu;(fha;r;rPh;) tUk;.gpw rPh;fs; tuh.

,aw;rPh; ntz;lisAk;> ntz;rPh; ntz;lisAk; tUk;. gpwjisfs; tuh.

fhR> gpwg;G vd;Dk; tha;g;ghLfSs; xd;W

nfhz;L KbAk;.

ntz;ghtpd; tiffs;: (6tif)

1. Fws; ntz;gh

2. Nehpir ntz;gh

3. ,d;dpir ntz;gh

4. g/nwhil ntz;gh

5. Nehpir rpe;jpay; ntz;gh

6. ,d;dpir rpe;jpay; ntz;gh

1. Fws; ntz;gh:

ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W ,uz;L mbfisf; nfhz;ljha;>

xU tpfw;gj;jhDk; ,U tpfw;gj;jhDk; tUtJ.

v.fh: mfu Kjy vOj;njy;yhk; Mjp

gftd; Kjw;Nw cyFxU tpfw;gj;jhd;.

nghUnsd;Dk; ngha;ah tpsf;fk; ,UsWf;Fk;

vz;zpa Nja;j;Jr; nrd;W,U tpfw;gj;jhd;.


2. Nehpir ntz;gh:

ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W> ehd;F mbfisf;

nfhz;ljhAk;> ,uz;lhk; mbapd; ,Wjpapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;Wk; Kjy; ,uz;lb

xU tpfw;gkhAk;> filrp ,uz;lb xU tpfw;gkhAk;> ehd;fbfSk; xU

tpfw;gkhAk; tUtJ Nehpir ntz;ghthFk;.

v.fh:

ney;Yf;F fpiwj;jePu; tha;f;fhy; topNahbg;

Gy;Yf;Fk; Mq;Nf nghrpAkhk;- njhy;Yyfpy;

ey;yhu; xUtu;csNuy; mtu;nghUl;(L)

vy;yhu;f;Fk; nga;Ak; kio ehd;fbfSk; xU tpfw;gk;

cd;Ds; fyitj;jha; Cf;f kiyitj;jha;

fd;dy; nkhopAd;Ds; fs;itj;jha;- kpd;itj;jha;

kz;zpy; GJik kyu;f;Fs; kzk;itj;jha;

jz;zPu;j; jkpNo ePjha; - ,Utpfw;gj;jhd; tUtJ

3. ,d;dpir ntz;gh:

ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W jdpr;nrhy; ,d;wp ehd;fbfs;

cilajha; tUk;. ,uz;lhk; mbapd; ,Wjpapy; jdpr;nrhy;; ngw;W %d;W

tpfw;gj;jhd; tUk;. %d;whk; mbapd; ,Wjpapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;W ,uz;L

tpfw;gj;jhd; tUtJk; ,d;dpir ntz;gh MFk;.

v.fh:

jha;jkf;Nf xg;gpy;iy jhuzpapy; vg;nghUSk;

Nra;jk;ikr; rPuhl;b nre;ePiug; ghyhf;fp

tha;topaha;j; jh%l;b tho;tpf;Fw; nja;tnkhd;W

jha;NghYk; cz;lNkh jhd;


jdpr;nrhy; ,y;iy. ehd;fbfSk; xU tpfw;gj;jhd; te;Js;sJ. a;

vJifahfp te;Js;sJ.

jhdq; nfhLf;Fe; jifikAk; khdj;jhu;

Fw;wq; fbe;j nthOf;fKk; - njw;nwdg;

gy;nghU zPq;fpa rpe;ijAk; ,k;%d;Wk;

ey;tpid ahu;Fq; fapW

,uz;lhk; mbapd; ,Wjpapy; jdpr;nrhy; te;J> ehd;fbapYk; %d;W

tpfw;gq;fs; te;Js;sJ.

4. g/nwhil ntz;gh:

ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W 5-12 mb tiu ngw;W tUtJ

g/nwhil ntz;gh MFk;.

5. Neupir rpe;jpay; ntz;gh:

ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W ,uz;lhk; mbapd; ,Wjpapy;

jdpr;nrhy; ngw;W xU tpfw;gj;jhDk;> ,U tpfw;gj;jhDk; %d;wbfsha; tUtJ.

v.fh:

mwpe;jhid Vj;jp mwpthq; fwpe;J

rpwe;jhw;F nry;t Diug;g rpwe;jhu;

rpwe;jik Muha;e;J nfhz;L

,J xU tpfw;gkhf tUtJ MFk;.

6. ,d;dpir rpe;jpay; ntz;gh:

ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W %d;wb nfhz;ljha;

jdpr;nrhy;ypd;wp xU tpfw;gj;jhDk;> gy tpfw;gj;jhDk; tUtJ.

v.fh:

ghu;nkhopfs; mj;jidf;Fk; ghq;fhd ew;wahk;


rPu;nfhz;l nre;jkpo; rpe;jidapy;; Vw;wpLtha;

ghu;KOQ; rhw;wpLtha; gha;e;J

xU tpfw;gj;jhd; te;j ,d;dpir rpe;jpay; ntz;gh MFk;.

2) Mrpupag;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk;:

1) mftNyhir ngw;W tUk;. mstbfisg; ngw;W tUk;

2) 3 mb Kjy; ghLk; Gytdpd; vz;zj;jpw;F Vw;g gy mbfisAk;

ngw;W tUk;

3) tQ;rpAupr;rPu;fs; tuh. gpw rPu;fs; tUk;.

4) Mrpupaj;jisfs; gapd;W tUk;. gpw jisfs; fye;J tUk;.

5)


2. ,izFws; Mrpupag;gh:

Mrpupag;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W KjybAk;> filrpabAk; ehw;rPu;

mbfshfTk;> ,ilapy; cs;s mbfs; ,UrPu; (Fwsb) mbfsfhTk;;>Kr;rPu;

mbfsfhTk; tUtJ ,izFws; Mrpupag;gh MFk;.

v.fh:

ePupd; jd;ikAk; jPapd; ntk;ikAk;

rhur; rhu;e;J

jPuj; jPUk;

rhuy; ehld; Nfz;ik

rhur; rhur; rhu;e;J

jPuj; jPuj; jPu;Nghy; yhNj.

3. epiykz;by Mrpupag;gh:

Mrpupag;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W midj;J mbfSk; ehw;rPuha;

tUtJ epiykz;by Mrpupag;ghthFk;.

4. mbkwpkz;by Mrpupag;gh:

Mrpupag;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W vy;yh mbfisAk; Kd; gpd;dhf

khw;wp khw;wpg; gbj;jhYk; XirAk;> nghUSk; khwhJ tUtJ mbkwpkz;by

Mrpupag;ghthFk;.

v.fh:

jha;nkhop tsu;j;jy; jkpou;jq; flNd

tha;nkhop Guj;jy; kw;wtu; flNd

fha;nkhop jtpu;j;jy; fw;wtu; flNd

Ma;nkhop Aiuj;jy; mwpQu;jq; flNd

mbfis Kd;gpd;dhf khw;wpg; gbj;jhYk; ghlypd; XirAk;> nghUSk;

khwhky; tUfpd;;wJ.


24)ahg;G - nra;As; cWg;Gf;fs; (6 tif)

1. vOj;J 4. njhil

2. mir 5. rPu;

3. mb 6. jis

1. vOj;J:-

nra;Aspy; Fwpy;> neby;> nka;> Ma;jk; Mfpait Kjd;ikahf

nfhs;sg;gLk;.

2. mir:-

vOj;J jdpahfNth> gy vOj;Jf;fs; Nru;e;Njh Xirg;gl mire;J

epw;gJ MFk;. mire;J gpupe;J

mir ,Utifg;gLk;:

1. Neu; mir 2. epiu mir

jdpf;Fwpy; Fwpypiz

jdpf;Fwpy; xw;W Fwpypiz xw;W

jdpneby; Fwpy; neby;

jdpneby; xw;W Fwpy; neby; xw;W

-vd mikAkhW gpupg;gjhFk;.

v.fh: Neu;mir v.fh: epiuair

g jdpf;Fwpy; fdp Fwpypiz

gy; jdpf;Fwpy; xw;W mwk; Fwpypiz xw;W


gh jdpneby; epyh Fwpy; neby;

ghy; jdpneby; xw;W Gyhy; Fwpy; neby; xw;W

3. rPu;:

Xuirr;rPu; (4) Neu; ehs; - vz;(Neu;)

epiu kyu; - gLk;(epiu)

Neu;G fhR - fh/R

epiuG gpwg;G - cy/F


%tifr;rPu; vl;Lld; jdpj;jdpahf Neuir kw;Wk; epiuairfisr;

Nru;j;jhy; gjpdhW ehyirr;rPu; fpilf;Fk;.

Fwpg;G:

Xuirr;rPu; tha;g;ghL gpupf;Fk; NghJ Neu; kl;Lk; te;jhy; my;yJ epiu kl;Lk;

te;jhy; mg;gbNa vOjTk;. Neu;-I mLj;J vJ te;jhYk;> epiu-I mLj;J vJ te;jhYk;

KiwNa Neu;G> epiuG vdf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

4. jis: (7) tif

epd;w rPupd; tUk; rPupd; KjyirAk; xd;wpAk; xd;;whkYk;

tUtJ jis (jis fl;Ljy;) vdg;gLk;.

jis VO tifg;gLk;:

1. Nenuhd;whrpupau;j;jis - kh Kd; Neu;

2. epiunahd;whrpupau;j;jis - tps Kd; epiu

3. ,aw;rPu; ntz;lis - kh Kd; epiu> tps Kd; Neu;

4. ntz;rPu; ntz;lis - fha; Kd; Neu;

5. fypj;jis - fha; Kd; epiu

6. xd;wpa tQ;rpj;jis - fdp Kd; epiu

7. xd;whj tQ;rpj;jis - fdp Kd; Neu;

5. mb: (5) tif

rPu;fs; gy mLj;J elg;gJ mb MFk;. mb Ie;J tifg;gLk;.

mbNjhWk; fPo;fhZk; rPu;fisg; ngw;W tUtijg; nghWj;J

tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

1. Fwsb - ,uz;L rPu;fs;

2. rpe;jb - %d;W rPu;fs;


3. mstb (Neu;mb) - ehd;F rPu;fs;

4. nebyb - Ie;J rPu;fs;

5. fopnebyb - MW my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l rPu;fs; ngw;W

tUtjhFk;

VO rPu;fs; ngw;W te;jhy; - vOr;rPu; fopnebyb

vl;L rPu;fs; ngw;W te;jhy; - vz;rPu; fopnebyb

6. njhil: 8 tif

1. Nkhidj;njhil - KjnyOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ

2. vJifj; njhil - ,uz;lhnkOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ

3. Kuz; njhil - mbNjhWk; Kjw;rPu; Kuz;glj; njhLg;gJ

4. ,iaGj; njhil - ,Wjpr; rPu; xd;wp tuj; njhLg;gJ

5. msngilj; njhil- mbNjhWk; Kjw;rPu; msngLj;J tUtJ

6. ,ul;ilj; njhil

7. me;jhjpj; njhil

8. nre;njhil

Nkhid> vJif> ,iaG> Kuz; Kjypa njhilfs; rPu; nfhz;l

mbfspy; tUk; NghJ mit mikAk; Kiw nfhz;L VO tifahfg;

gpupf;fg; gLk;.

1. ,iz my;yJ rPu; - 1> 2 rPu;fspy;

2. nghopg;G - 1> 3 rPu;fspy;

3. x&c - 1> 4 rPu;fspy;

4. $io - 1> 2> 3 rPu;fspy;

5. Nkw;fJtha; - 1> 3> 4 rPu;fspy;

6. fPo;fJtha; - 1> 2> 4 rPu;fspy;

7. Kw;W - 1> 2> 3> 4 rPu;fspy;


mbNjhWk; Nkhid> vJif> Kuz;> ,iaG Nghd;witfs; gapd;W

te;jhy; mbNkhid> mbvJif> mbKuz;> mb,iaG vdf; nfhs;sTk;.

v.fh:

Jg;ghu;f;Fj; Jg;gha Jg;ghf;fpj; Jg;ghu;f;Fj;

Jg;gha J}ck; kio.

Kjybapy; 1> 2> 3> 4 rPu;fspy; KjnyOj;J xd;wp tUtjhy; Kw;W Nkhid

MFk;.

,uz;lhkbapy; 1> 2 rPu;fspy; KjnyOj;J xd;wp tUtjhy; rPu;Nkhid (m)

,izNkhid MFk;.

Kjyhk; mbapy; 1> 2> 3> 4 rPu;fspy; ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp tUtjhy;

Kw;nwJifAk; gapd;W te;Js;sJ

v.fh:

rpwpa ngupa epfu;kyu;f; Nfhij

1, 2 rPu;fspy; Kuzhf tUtjhy; ,jpy; rPu;Kuz; gapd;W te;Js;sJ.

v.fh:

nfhz;ly; NfhGuk; mz;ilapy; $Lk;

nfhbfs; thdk; gbj;ju %Lk;

mbfspd; ,WjpapNyh> rPu;fspd; ,WjpapNyh xNu xyp jUk; nrhw;fs;

miktJ ,iaGj;njhil MFk;. ,q;F mbfspy; $Lk;> %Lk; vd tUtJ mb

,iaG MFk;.

,dNkhid:

,dkhd vOj;Jf;fs; tUtJk; Nkhidahff; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

m> M> I> xs - Xupdk;

,> v> V - Xupdk;


c> C> x> X - Xupdk;

r> j - Xupdk;

Q> e - Xupdk;

k> t - Xupdk;

v.fh:

kdj;NjhL tha;ik nkhopapd; 1> 2 rPu;fspy; k> th vd;Dk;

vOj;Jf;fs; ,dNkhidahFk;.

ahnka;ahf; fz;ltw;Ws; ,y;iy vidj;njhd;Wk; 3> 4 rPu;fspy;

,> v ,dNkhidahFk;

rhjdj; NjhL jr;ru; 1> 3 rPu;fspy; rh> j ,dNkhidahFk;.

xstpa neQ;rj;jhd; Mf;fKk; 1> 3 rPu;fspy; xs> M

,dNkhidahFk;.

25)myfpl;L tha;g;ghLk; jisAk; $Wjy;:

mir gpupf;Fk; NghJ>

KjnyOj;J neby; vOj;jhapd; mij kl;Lk; jdpahfNth my;yJ

mjNdhL nka;naOj;ij Nru;j;Njh gpupf;f Ntz;Lk;.

KjnyOj;J Fwpyhapd; mLj;j vOj;ij ftdkhfg; ghu;j;J

FwpypizahfNth> Fwpy; nebyhfNth my;yJ mtw;Wld; xw;nwOj;J

Nru;j;Njh gpupf;f Ntz;Lk;.

v.fh:

nry;/yplj;/Jf;/ - Neu; epiu Neu; - $tpsq;fha;

fhg;/ghd; - Neu; Neu; - Njkh

rpdq;/fhg;/ghd; - epiu Neu; Neu; - Gspkhq;fha;


my;/yplj;/Jf; - Neu; epiu Neu; - $tpsk;

fhf;/fpndd; - Neu; epiu - $tpsk;

fh/thf;/fh - Neu; Neu; Neu; - Njkhq;fha;

/nyd;/ - Neu; - ehs;

jis $wy;

nry;/yplj;/Jf; fhg;/ghd; rpdq;/fhg;/ghd; my;/yplj;/Jf;

fhf;/fpndd; fh/thf;/fh /nyd;/

1 2 fha; Kd; Neu; ntz;rPu; ntz;lis

2 3 kh Kd; epiu ,aw;rPu; ntz;lis



5 6 tps Kd; Neu; ,aw;rPu; ntz;lis


7 ehs; vd;Dk; tha;g;ghl;by; epiwTw;wJ.

26)nghUl;Nfhs;: 8tif

xU nra;Aspy; cs;s rPu;fisNah> mbfisNah nghUs; czu;Tf;F Vw;w

tifapy; mikj;J nghUs; nfhs;Sk; Kiwia nghUl;Nfhs; vd;gu;. ,/J vl;L

tifg;gLk;.

1. Mw;WePu;g; nghUl;Nfhs;

2. nkhopkhw;Wg; nghUl;Nfhs;

Ne ep Ne Ne Ne ep Ne Ne Ne ep Ne

Ne ep Ne Ne Ne Ne

$tpsq;fha; $tpsq;fha; Gspkhq;fha; Njkh

$tpsk; Njkhq;fha; ehs;


3. epuy;epiug; nghUl;Nfhs;

4. tpw;g+l;Lg; nghUl;Nfhs;

5. jhg;gpirg; nghUl;Nfhs;

6. miskwpghg;Gg; nghUl;Nfhs;

7. nfhz;L$l;Lg; nghUl;Nfhs;

8. mbkwpkhw;Wg; nghUl;Nfhs;

1.Mw;WePu;g; nghUl;Nfhs;:

,ilawhJ nry;Yk; Mw;WePiug; Nghy ghlypd; nrhw;fs; Kd;gpd; khwhJ

NeNu nrd;W nghUs; nfhs;tJ.

v.fh:nghwpthapy; Ie;jtpj;jhd; ngha;jPu; xOf;f

newpepd;whu; ePLtho; thu;.

Ik;nghwpfspd; topahf te;j Mirfis tpl;l ,iwtdJ xOf;f newp

epd;wtu; ePLtho;thu; vd njhluhf nghUs; nfhs;SjyhFk;.

2.nkhopkhw;Wg; nghUl;Nfhs ;:

XubAs; cs;s nrhw;fis > mit jUk; nghUSf;F Vw;g khw;wpf;$Wjy;.

v.fh: Riuaho mk;kp kpjg;g tiuaida

ahidf;F ePj;J Kaw;F epiynad;g

fhdf ehld; Rid.

,g;ghlypy; Riu kpjg;g> mk;kp Mo vd;W xU mbapy; cs;s nrhw;fis

Kd;gpd;dhf khw;wp nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

3.epuy;epiu nghUl;Nfhs;:

nra;Aspy; ,Uf;fpd;w nrhw;fis Kiwkhwhky;> tupirahf mikj;Jg;

nghUs;nfhs;tJ.

v.fh:md;Gk; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;tho;f;if

gz;Gk; gaDk; mJ.


,f;Fwspy; md;gpw;F gz;Gk;> mwj;Jf;F gaDk; epuy;epiuahf te;J

mike;Js;sjhy;> epuy;epiu nghUl;Nfhs; MFk;.

4.tpw;G+l;Lg; nghUl;Nfhs;:

tpy;ypd; ,UKidfisAk; ,izj;Jf;fl;Ljy; Nghyr; nra;Aspd; Kjypy;

mike;Js;s nrhy;Yk;> ,Wjpapy; mike;Js;s nrhy;Yk; nghUs;glg;

nghUj;JtJ MFk;. ,ij G+l;Ltpw; nghUl;Nfhs; vdTk; $wyhk;.

v.fh: neUey; Cd;xUtd; ,d;wpy;iy vd;Dk;

ngUik cilj;jpt; TyF.

,f;Fwspy; cyF vd;Dk; ,Wjpr; nrhy;iy neUey; vDk; Kjy;

nrhy;NyhL Nru;j;J nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

5.jhg;gpirg; nghUl;Nfhs;:

jhk;G+,ir=jhg;gpir CQ;ry;fapW mirjy; Nghy.

jhk;G CQ;ry; fapW.

CQ;ry; fapW Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; nrd;W tUtijg; Nghyr; nra;Aspd;

eLtpy; mike;jpUf;Fk; nrhy;> nra;Aspd; KjypYk; ,WjpapYk; tUk;

nrhw;fNshL nghUj;jp nghUs; nfhs;tJ jhg;gpirg; nghUl;Nfhs; MFk;.

v.fh:,we;jhu; ,we;jhu; midau; rpdj;ijj;

Jwe;jhu; Jwe;jhu; Jiz.

,g;ghlypy; rpdj;ij vd;Dk; nrhy; eLtpy; epd;W> KjypYk; ,WjpapYk;

tUk; nrhw;fNshL ,izj;J nghUs; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

6.miskwpghg;Gg; nghUl;Nfhs;:

mis Gw;W> ghg;G ghk;G


ghk;G> Gw;wpy; jiyitj;J EioAk; NghJ> jiy NkyhfTk;> cly;

mLj;Jk; nry;tJ Nghyr; nra;Aspd; ,WjpapypUe;J nrhw;fis vLj;J Kjypy;

itj;Jf; $l;bg; nghUs; nfhs;tJ.

v.fh:

jho;e;j czu;tpduha;j; jhSile;J

jz; d;wpj; jsu;thu; jhKk;

#o;e;j tpidahf;if Rltpspe;J

ehw;fjpapw; Roy;thu; jhKk;

%o;e;j gpzpeypa Kd;nra;j

tpidnad;Nw Kdpthu; jhKk;

tho;e;j nghOjpNd thnda;J

newpKd;dp Kayh jhNu.

-filrptupia Kjy;tupahfg; nghUs;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

7.nfhz;L$l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs;:

nra;Aspd; gy mbfspYk; $wg;gl;Ls;s nrhw;fisg; nghUSf;F Vw;gf;

$l;bg; nghUs; nfhs;tJ.

v.fh: fl;bf; fUk;G frf;Fk; kpff;fdpe;j

vl;bf; fdpapdpf;Fk; vd;D}upy;- gl;bAs

fhis gbghy; fwf;FNk ey;ygR

Ntis jtpuh JOk;.

,g;ghlypy; fl;bf; fUk;G ,dpf;Fk;> kpff;fdpe;j vl;bf;fdp frf;Fk;. fhiskhL

Neue;jtpuhJ cOk;> ey;ygR gbghy; fwf;Fk; vd ghlypy; nghUj;jkhf

mikj;Jg; nghUs;nfhs;tJ.

Fwpg;G: 1.XubAs; cs;s nrhw;fis khw;wpg; nghUs; nfhs;tJ nkhopkhw;Wg; nghUl;Nfhs;.


2. gy mbfspYk; cs;s nrhw;fis khw;wpg; nghUs; nfhs;tJ nfhz;L $l;Lg;

nghUl;Nfhs;.

8.mbkwpkhw;Wg; nghUl;Nfhs;:

nra;Aspd; vy;yh mbfisAk; Kd;gpd;dhf khw;wp nghUs; nfhz;lhYk;

nghUSk; XirAk; rpijahky; tUtJ.

v.fh: khwhf; fhjyu; kiykwe; jdNu

Mwhf; fl;gdp tuyh dhNt

Ntwh nkd;Njhs; tisnefp Ok;Nk

$wha; Njhop ahd;thO khNw.

,g;ghlypy; cs;s mbfis Kd;gpd;dhf vg;gb khw;wpg; nghUs;

nfhz;lhYk; ngghUSk; XirAk; khwhky; ,Uf;Fk;.

27)njhopw;ngau;:

xU njhopiyf; Fwpf;Fk; ngah; njhopw;ngah; MFk;.

1. tpFjp ngw;w njhopw;ngah ; - nfhsy;> nfLjy;> ngWjy;

2. Kjy;epiy njhopw;ngah ; - gFjpkl;Lk; te;J njhopiy czu;j;Jfpd;w ngau;.

v.fh: nfhs;> nfL> ngW.

3. Kjy;epiy jpupe;j njhopw;ngah; - gFjp jpupe;J my;yJ gFjp NtWgl;L

njhopiy czu;j;Jfpd;w ngaUf;F Kjy;epiy jphpe;j njhopw;ngau; vd;W

ngau;.

v.fh: Nfhs;> NfL> NgW.

4. vjpu;kiw njhopw;ngah ;: vjpu;kiwg; nghUis czu;j;jp> njhopiy

czh;j;Jfpd;w ngaUf;F vjph;kiw njhopw;ngah; vd;W ngau;.

v.fh: ngwhjy;> nfhs;shjy;> nflhjpUj;jy;.

njhopw;ngah; tpFjpfs; - jy;> my;> mk;> J> it> mlk;


gz;Gg;ngah; tpFjpfs; - ik> I> rp> G> c> F> wp> W> J> mk;> mh;

tpidahyizAk; ngah;:

xU tpidKw;W tpidiaf; Fwpf;fhky;> tpidiar; nra;jtiuf;

Fwpf;Fk; ngauha; tUtJ.

v.fh: nghWj;jhu;f;Fg; nghd;Wj; JizAk; Gfo;;

nghWj;jhu; vd;Dk; nrhy;> nghWj;jyhfpa nraiyr; nra;j

fUj;jhitf; Fwpj;J tUjyhy; mJ tpidahyizAk; ngau;.

28)thf;fpa tiffs;:

1.nra;tpid:vOtha;> nrag;gLnghUs;> gadpiy vd;w thpirapy; thf;fpak;

mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. nrag;gLnghUNshL I vd;w Ntw;Wik cUG kiwe;J

tUk;.(ntspg;gl;Lk; tUk;)

2.nrag;ghl;Ltpid: nrag;gLnghUs;> vOtha;> gadpiy vd;w tupirapy;

thf;fpak; mikAk;. vOthNahL My; vd;w %d;whk; Ntw;Wik cUG Nru;e;J

tUk;. gadpiyNahL gL> gl;lJ vDk; nrhw;fs; Nrh;e;J tUk;. (gL -

Jiztpid)

v.fh:

nra;tpid nrag;ghl;Ltpid

khztu;fs; tFg;igj; J}a;ik nra;jdh;

tFg;G khzth;fshy; J}a;ik nra;ag;gl;lJ

Mrpupau; ,yf;fzk; fw;gpj;jhh; ,yf;fzk; Mrpupauhy; fw;gpf;fg;gl;lJ

jr;rd; ehw;fhypiar; nra;jhd; ehw;fhyp jr;rdhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ

3.cld;ghl;L thf;fpak;:nray; my;yJ njhopy; epfo;tij njhptpg;gJ.


4.vjpu;kiw thf;fpak;:nray; my;yJ njhopy; epfohikiaj; njhptpg;gJ.

v.fh:

cld;ghL vjpu;kiw

fy;tpr;nry;tj;ij midtUk; Nghw;Wtu;

fy;tpr;nry;tj;ijg; Nghw;whjtu; vtUk; ,yu;

FLk;gj; jiytpf;F nghWg;G cs;sJ nghUg;gpy;yhj FLk;gj;jiytp ,ys;

Mrpupau;fSf;F vd;Wk; nry;thf;F cz;L

Mrpupau;fSf;F vd;Wk; nry;thf;F ,y;yhky; ,y;iy

5.jd;tpid:vOtha;> jhNd xU nraiyr; nra;jy;.

6.gpwtpid: vOtha;> xU nraiyg; gpwiuf; nfhz;L nra;tpj;jy;.

v.fh:

jd;tpid gpwtpid

nry;td; ghlk; fw;whd;. nry;td; ghlk; fw;gpj;jhd;.

nra;jhs; nra;tpj;jhs;

jpUe;jpdhd; jpUj;jpdhd;

cUz;lhd; cUl;bdhd;

cz;lhs; cz;gpj;jhs;

Mbdhu; Ml;Ltpj;jhs;

fz;lhd; fhz;gpj;jhd;

cOjhu; cOtpj;jhu;

7.Neh;f;$w;W thf;fpak;:xUth; $wpaij mth; $wpagbNa $WtJ. Nkw;Nfhs;

FwpaPL ,lk; ngWk;.jd;ik> Kd;dpiy ngah;fs; ,lk; ngWk;.

8.maw;$w;W thf;fpak;:xUth; $wpaij mg;gbNa $whky; mayd; $WtJ Nghy

$Wtjpy; Nkw;Nfhs;FwpaPL ,lk;ngwhJ.jd;ik> Kd;dpiy ngah;fs; glh;f;ifg;

ngahpy; khwp mikAk;.


v.fh:

Neh;f;$w;W maw;$w;W

ehis ehd; kJiu nry;Ntd; vd;W ed;khwd; $wpdhd;

kWehs; jhd; kJiu nry;tjhf ed;khwd; $wpdhd;

ehd; Gj;jfk; nfhz;L

tUfpNwd; vd;W nry;tp Njhopaplk; $wpdhs;

nry;tp Njhopaplk; jhd; Gj;jfk; nfhz;L tUtjhff; $wpdhs;

mikr;rd;>muNr! ePq;fs; nrq;Nfhy; tOthJ Ml;rp nra;a

Ntz;Lk; vd;whd;

mikr;rd; murdplk; nrq;Nfhy; tOthJ Ml;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;whd;

9. nra;jpthf;fpak;:xU nra;jpia njspthf njuptpf;Fk; thf;fpak;.

v.fh:

1. khztu;fs; rpwe;j Kiwapy; Nju;T vOjpdu;

2. FbauRj; jiytu; nrd;idf;F tUif je;jhu;

10.czu;r;rp thf;fpak;:kfpo;r;rp> Jd;gk;> tpag;G Nghd;w cs;sj;J czu;Tfs;

ntspg;gLkhW miktJ.

v.fh:

1. M! vd;Nd moF

2. INah! mtu; kiwe;Jtpl;lhuh!

3. Mfhfh! mw;Gjk;!

11. fl;lis thf;fpak;:

tpioT> Ntz;LNfhs;> tho;j;jy;> itjy; Mfpatw;Ws; xd;iw

njuptpf;Fk; thf;fpak;.

v.fh:

1. khztu;fs; midtUk; rPUi;lapy; tUf.

2. midtUk; jha;nkhopia Nghw;Wf.

12. tpdh thf;fpak;:


tpdhg; nghUisj; jUk; thf;fpak;

v.fh:

1. Foe;ijf;F vd;d gpbf;Fk;?

2. eP cz;ik NgRfpwhah?

3. Vd; Nghl;bapy; fye;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy?

13. jdpthf;fpak;:

xU vOtha; my;yJ xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l vOtha; xU gadpiyiaf;

nfhz;L KbAk;.

v.fh:

1. Nrud;> Nrhod;> ghz;bau; %tUk; ehd;F Ml;rp Gupe;jdu;

2. jpU.tp.f ngz;fisg; Nghw;wpdhu;

3. fk;gd;> ts;Std;> ,sq;Nfh MfpNahu; ,aw;ifiag; Nghw;wpdu;. 14. njhlu;thf;fpak;:

jdpthf;fpaq;fs; gy njhlu;e;J tUk;. xU vOtha;> gy

gadpiyfisg; ngw;W tUk;.

v.fh:

1. fz;zd; cz;ikNa NgRthd;. mtd; kpfr;rpwe;j

ciog;ghsp. mtd; tplhKaw;rpNahL nray;gLthd;.

2. murd; Gytiuf; fz;lhd;. mtiu tuNtw;whd;. gupR toq;fpdhd;.

15. fyit thf;fpak;:

xU Kjd;ik thf;fpak; xu Jizthf;fpaj;Jld; Nru;e;Jk;>

xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Jizthf;fpaq;fSld; Nru;e;Jk; tUk;.

v.fh:

1. vtndhUtd; Neu;ikahf ,Uf;fpwhNdh> mtNd midj;jpYk; rpwe;jtd;.


2. ahu; fy;tpr; nry;tk; ngWfpwhu;fNsh mtu;fs; tho;tpy; tsk; ngWth;

16. nghUs;khwh vjpu;kiwj; njhlu;:

,uz;L vjpu;kiwr; nrhw;fs; Nru;e;J te;jhy; m/J cld;ghl;Lg;

nghUisj; jUk;. cld;ghl;Lj; njhliu nghUs;khwhj vjpu;kiwj; njhluhf

khw;w Ntz;Lkhdhy;> mjid ,uz;L vjpu;kiwfisf; nfhz;l njhluhf khw;w

Ntz;Lk;.

v.fh: 1. fiyr;nry;tp fl; iu vOjhky; ,uhy;

2. fe;jd; gs;spf;F tuhky; ,Uf;f khl;lhd;

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gjpndhd;whk; tFg;G

mUQ;nrhw;nghUs;

nrhy; nghUs;

Mukph;Nj mhpa mkpo;Nj

G+uzkha; KOikaha;


Gdpjk; J}a;ik

fUtp Mjp fUtpfs; Kjyhd

caph;j;jpuis Ml;Lk; midj;J caph;f;$l;lq;fisAk; Ml;Ltpf;Fk;

fUj;jjDs; fUj;jha; Nktp vz;zpg; ghh;f;f Kbahj fUj;JfSf;Fk; cl;nghUsha; cs;s

tpOg;nghUNs Nkyhd nghUNs

itak; cyfk;

njhd;kf;fs; goq;fhyj;J tho;e;j kf;fs;

csj;jpid jk; kdf;fUj;ij

ifapdhYiu fhyk; irifahy; ciuj;j fhyk;

,hpe;jpl tpyfpl

iga nky;y

ehitairj;j goe;jkpo; Ngr;R nkhopahfj; Njhd;wpa goe;jkpo;

jhs; jpUtb

Iia jha;

jpU nry;tk;>tsk;

jd;dpfh; xd;wpiy xg;gpl;Lf; $w Kbahj cah;tpid cilia

kUT nghUe;jpa

nra; tay;

ky;Fjy; epiwjy;

FWeif Gd;dif

gy;gzp gy mzpfyd;fs;

,Uepyk; nghpa G+TyF

G+z;lid mzpe;Js;sha;

gjq;fs; jpUtbfs;

,iwQ;Rthk; tzq;Fthk;

mWFsk; ePh; tw;wpa Fsk;

cFj;Jk; nga;Jk;

cWkplj;J cjthJ Fsk;>tay; Mfpa nghUj;jkhd ,lj;J nga;ahJ

cth;epyk; fsh;epyk;

Cl;bAk; rhyg;nga;Jk;

tiuah kuG vy;iyaplhj Kiwik

khhp kio

flhm ahid kjf;fspW

fow;fhy; tPuf;fhy; mzpe;j fhy;fs;

nfhilklk; tiuaiwapd;wpf; nfhLj;jyhfpa ,ay;G

gilklk; Nghh; newpf;F khWgl;L Nghh; Ghpjyhfpa ,ay;G

glhd; (Nghh;)nra;ahd;

gilkaf;Fjy; gilfs; xd;Nwhnlhd;W fyj;jy;

Xq;Fkiy cah;e;jkiy

rpyk;G kiyr;rhuy;

Ntq;if gplT kiyepyj;Nj tsUk; kuq;fs;

Cd; nghjpatpohf; Nfhl;Lfph; jirg;gFjpapdpd;W ntsptuhj efq;fs;

epfo;j;j typikaw;W Xa;e;j

grp $h;e;jd grp kpFe;jjhf

cOit Mz; Gyp

Klq;fh; KLf;fhd ,lk;

Xh;f;Fk; cw;Wf; Nfl;Fk; ftiy(,uz;lhf gpsTgl;l) fpistop

cz;zh caf;fk; czTk; cz;zhj tUj;jk;

rh ca; nkypTw;W

ngah;T ePf;fk;


kUe;J gpwpJ ,d;ik NtW kUe;njhd;Wk; ,d;ikahd;

tpidapNyd; nrayw;Wg; NghapNdd;

vhpkUs; Ntq;if neUg;ignahj;j Ntq;if kuk;

kUs; ctkTUG

Njhif kapy;

My; mirepiy

tJit jpUkzk;

mau epfo;j;j

gpd;dpUq;$j;jy; gpd;dg;gl;l nghpa(fhpa) $e;jy;

mlf;fk; kdk; nkhop nka;fs; jPatopfspw; nry;yhJ mlq;Fjy;

mkuUs; Njth; cyfk;(Rth;f;fk;)

caf;Fk; nrYj;Jk;

MhpUs; eufk;

nghUsh cah;e;j nghUshff; fUjp

fhf;f filgpbj;J xOFf

mjdpd; Cq;F mt; mlf;fj;ij tplTk;

nrwpT mlf;fk;

rPh;ik tpOg;gk;

mwptwpe;J mlq;fpapUj;jNy

Mw;wpd; Nehpa topapy;

jphpahJ epiygpwohJ

Njhw;wk; cah;T

khz kpfTk;

ed;W Mk; ed;ik jUtNj Mk;

gzpjy; mlq;Fjy;

Ie;J Ik;nghwpfs;

xUik xU gpwg;G

vOik VO gpwg;G

Vkhg;G ghJfhg;G

ah vtw;iw(vy;yhtw;iwAk;)

Nrhfhg;gh; Jd;GWth;

nrhy;,Of;F nrhw;Fw;wk;

nghUl;gad; nghUshy; tpistJ

cz;lhapd; cz;lhtJ Mapd;

ed;whfhJ MfptpLk; jPjhfptpLk;

ehtpdhy; fLQ;nrhw;fshy;

tL jOk;G

fjk; rpdk;

fhj;J mlf;fp

nrt;tp jFe;j fhyk;

mwk; mwf;flTs;

Mw;wpd; milAk; topapy;

flg;ghL filikaha; nfhz;;L nray;gly;

jhshw;wp kpf;f Kaw;rp nra;J

je;j


nrj;jhUs; itf;fg;gLk; ,we;jtUs; xUtuhf fUjg;gLk;

CUzp Ch; kf;fs; cz;ZePh;f;Fsk;

cyFmthk; cyf eilia tpUk;gp nra;Ak;

jpU nry;tk;

mw;W NghYk;

gad;kuk; gad;gLk;kuk;

cs;@h; Ch;eLNt

eaDilahd; ey;y cs;sKilatd;

kue;jw;W kuj;ij xg;ghJ

,lk; nry;tk;

,ldpy; gUtk; tWikAw;w fhyk;

xy;fhh; jsuhh;

fld; Kiwik

fhl;rpath; mwpTilahh;

eaDilahd; xg;Guthsd;

NfL nghUs;NfL

ey;$h;e;jhdhjy; tWik tha;g;gLjy;

$if ,utpy; ,aq;Fk; gwit(Nfhl;lhd;)

,fy; gif

nghOJ jFe;j fhyKk; #oYk;

gUtj;NjhL fhyj;NjhL

xl;l ,ira

jPuhik ePq;;fhky;

Mh;f;Fk; gpzpf;Fk;

mUtpid mhpanray;

csNth cz;Nlh(,y;iy)

fyq;fhJ jtwhJ

Cf;fk; cilahd; kdntOr;rp cilahd;

xLf;fk; mlq;fpapUj;jy;

jfh; Ml;Lf;fplha;

NgUk; gpd;Nd fhy; thq;Fk;

jifj;J jd;ikj;J

nghs;nsd cldbahf

Gwk;Ntwhh; ntspg;gilahff;fhl;by; nfhs;skhl;lhh;

cs;Nth;g;gh; gifikia cs;Ns itj;jpUg;gh;

xs;spath; mwpTilath;(mwpTila murh;)

nrWeh; gifth;

Rkf;f gzpf

,Wtiu ,Wjpehs; te;jNghJ

fpof;fhk; tpOtjhk;(Njhy;tpAWth;)

nray; nra;f

,iae;jf;fhy; $btUk;nghOJ

me;epiyNa me;jf;fhyk; foptjw;Fs;s

$k;Gk; gUtj;J tpidNkw; nry;yhjpUf;Fk; fhyj;J

nfhf;F xf;f nfhf;F Nghy; ,Uf;fTk;

rPh;j;j tplj;J tpidNkw; nrd;w ,lj;J(fhyk; tha;j;j NghJ)

Fj;njhf;f myF nfhz;L Fj;JtJ Nghyj; jhf;Ff

tpidtyp jhd; nra;af; fUjpa nraypd; typik

khw;whd; gifth;

J}f;fp rPh; J}f;fp

nray; nray;gLf

xy;tJ jk;khypad;wJ


mwptJ mwpa Ntz;ba typik

cilj;jk; jk;Kila

,ilf;fz; eLtpNyNa

Cf;fk; kd vOr;rp

Cf;fp nraiy njhlq;fp

Khpj;jhh; mope;jth;

Mq;F mike;J xOfhd; may; Nte;jNuhL nghUe;jp xOfhJ

jd;idtpae;jhd; jhNd jd;id cah;thf fUjp nrUf;Fgtd;

gPyp kapy;njhif

rhfhL tz;b

,Wk; KhpAk;

ngapd; Vw;wpdhy;

nfhk;gh; ,Wjpg;Nghyp

Edpf;nfhk;gh; fpisapd; Edp

m/jpwe;J mt;twtpid fle;J

MW newp

Mw;wpd; nfhLf;Fk; newpAk;

msT mwpe;J jkf;Fs;s nghUspd; vy;iyia mwpe;J

MF MW nghUs; tUk; top

,l;bJ rpwpaJ

NghF MW nrytopAk; top

mfyhf;fil ngUfhjhapd;

csNghy cs;sdNghy

cstiu jdf;Fs;s nghUspd; msT

J}f;fhj Muha;e;J ghh;f;fhj

ty;iy tpiutpy;

tstiu nry;tj;jpd; vy;iy

rpiy tpy;

rpiyj;njhopy; (njhopy; rpiy) Nghhpy; ehz; Vw;wpa tpy;

rpWEjy; rpwpa new;wpAila fhe;jUtjj;ij

nja;tg;ghit nja;tj;jhw; nra;j nfhy;ypg; ghit

fiy ,irf;fiy

voPc ahio thrpj;J

nghopy; Nrhiy

Fuq;fpd tise;jd

fUq;nfhb fhpa xOq;F(fhpa kaph; xOq;Fila GUtk;)

kp

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