When you are done…

Go to p. 418-9 and complete #1-9

Civics Unit 8Civics Unit 8““North Carolina North Carolina

Constitution and Changes” Constitution and Changes” (ch 12.2)(ch 12.2)

I. Principles of the NC Principles of the NC ConstitutionConstitution

A.A. Popular sovereigntyPopular sovereignty- people are - people are source of power given to gov’t source of power given to gov’t (more power than in Federal gov’t)(more power than in Federal gov’t)

B.B. Separation of powersSeparation of powers1.1. executive- Governor ad Lt. Governorexecutive- Governor ad Lt. Governor

2.2. legislative- legislative- General AssemblyGeneral Assembly

3.3. Judicial- NC Supreme CourtJudicial- NC Supreme Court

C.C. Checks and balancesChecks and balances- same as with - same as with Fed gov’tFed gov’t

II. II. Declaration of RightsDeclaration of Rights

A.A. spells out the civil libertiesspells out the civil liberties

B.B. Article I the Declaration of Rights Article I the Declaration of Rights includes 25 guarantees of freedomincludes 25 guarantees of freedom

C.C. overlaps US Bill of Rights and overlaps US Bill of Rights and ConstitutionConstitution1.1. ex: assembly, petition, religion, ex post ex: assembly, petition, religion, ex post

facto, rights of accused, jury, etcfacto, rights of accused, jury, etc

D.D. Other rightsOther rights1.1. more militia and arms, no secession, more militia and arms, no secession,

education, no imprisonment for debt, etc.education, no imprisonment for debt, etc.

I. Changes to NC Changes to NC ConstitutionConstitution

A.A. Amendment ProcessAmendment Process1.1. Proposal by General Assembly or Proposal by General Assembly or

conventionconvention

2.2. All amendments are approved by the All amendments are approved by the votersvoters

B.B. Citizens in LawmakingCitizens in Lawmaking1.1. initiativeinitiative- people propose legislation- people propose legislation

a.a. people sign petitions and submit to GApeople sign petitions and submit to GA

b.b. indirect (GA approves), direct (goes on the indirect (GA approves), direct (goes on the ballot)ballot)

2.2. ReferendumReferendum- legislation referred to voters- legislation referred to votersa.a. Amendments are approved through mandatory Amendments are approved through mandatory

referendumreferendum

b.b. GA may allow optional referendums because of GA may allow optional referendums because of popular demand or do not want responsibilitypopular demand or do not want responsibility

C.C. Changes to the NC ConstitutionChanges to the NC Constitution1.1. 1776- created independent NC gov’t after the 1776- created independent NC gov’t after the

DeclarationDeclaration

2.2. 1835- people elect governor and choose 1835- people elect governor and choose amendments, non-whites not allowed to voteamendments, non-whites not allowed to vote

3.3. 1868- US gov’t required changes to readmit 1868- US gov’t required changes to readmit NCNC

4.4. 1971- simplified and clarified language1971- simplified and clarified language

5.5. Later changes- governor allowed two terms, Later changes- governor allowed two terms, power to vetopower to veto

Civics Unit 8Civics Unit 8““Branches of North Branches of North

Carolina GovernmentCarolina Government ” ” (ch. 13.1-2)(ch. 13.1-2)

I. LegislativeI. LegislativeA.A. Powers of the Powers of the General AssemblyGeneral Assembly

1.1. Make lawsMake lawsa.a. General StatutesGeneral Statutes- laws that apply statewide- laws that apply statewide

b.b. laws for specific counties or citieslaws for specific counties or cities

2.2. Impeachment- governor, judges, members of Impeachment- governor, judges, members of Council of StateCouncil of State

3.3. Pass a budget- by law, must be balancedPass a budget- by law, must be balanced

B.B. Organization of General AssemblyOrganization of General Assembly1.1. MembersMembers

a.a. NC Senate 50 membersNC Senate 50 members

b.b. NC House of Representatives- 120 membersNC House of Representatives- 120 members

2.2. ElectionsElectionsa.a. no term limitsno term limits

b.b. G.A. redraws district lines each censusG.A. redraws district lines each census

c.c. each district has equal populationeach district has equal population

3.3. QualificationsQualificationsa.a. House- 21 years old, lived in district one yearHouse- 21 years old, lived in district one year

b.b. Senate- 25 years old, lived in NC two yearsSenate- 25 years old, lived in NC two years

4.4. LeadershipLeadershipa.a. Speaker of HouseSpeaker of House

b.b. President of Senate is Lieutenant Governor, President of Senate is Lieutenant Governor, president pro tempore is leaderpresident pro tempore is leader

II. Executive (Governor)II. Executive (Governor)A.A. Chief of State- symbolic leader of NCChief of State- symbolic leader of NC

B.B. Chief Executive- responsible for making Chief Executive- responsible for making sure policies are carried out (with Council sure policies are carried out (with Council of State) of State)

C.C. Qualifications- 30 years old, US citizen 5 Qualifications- 30 years old, US citizen 5 years, lived in NC two yearsyears, lived in NC two years

D.D. DutiesDuties1.1. appoints key officialsappoints key officials

2.2. proposes state budgetproposes state budget

3.3. supervises executive branch supervises executive branch

4.4. veto powerveto powera.a. includes includes line item vetoline item veto- may veto one or more - may veto one or more

items on bill without rejecting whole billitems on bill without rejecting whole bill

b.b. GA can override with 3/5 voteGA can override with 3/5 vote

5.5. judicial powersjudicial powersa.a.pardon-pardon- release from legal release from legal

consequence of crimeconsequence of crime

b.b.commutecommute- reduce sentence- reduce sentence

c.c. reprievereprieve- postpone execution- postpone execution

d.d.paroleparole- release early from prison- release early from prison

Warm up

• List the differences between the State and Federal government looking at your 3.03 notes

E.E. Lt. GovernorLt. Governor1.1. elected for 4 years separately from elected for 4 years separately from

governorgovernor

2.2. succeeds governor if becomes vacantsucceeds governor if becomes vacant

3.3. president of Senatepresident of Senate

F.F. Council of StateCouncil of State- elected heads of - elected heads of gov’t agenciesgov’t agencies1.1. Are under the governor but work Are under the governor but work

independently independently

2.2. ex: Attorney General- lawyer for the stateex: Attorney General- lawyer for the state

III. Judicial (NC Supreme III. Judicial (NC Supreme Court)Court)

A.A. Elected by voters, 7 membersElected by voters, 7 members

B.B. highest state court, interprets state highest state court, interprets state constitutionconstitution

C.C. major function of reviewing decisions major function of reviewing decisions of lower courts in appealsof lower courts in appeals

D.D. final say in matters of state law final say in matters of state law

Civics Unit 8Civics Unit 8“NC Supreme Court Cases

and Civil Rights ” (ch. 13.3)

I. Role of the State and Federal Gov’t

A.A. Bayard vs. SingletonBayard vs. Singleton (1787)- created (1787)- created NC judicial reviewNC judicial review

B.B. 14th Amendment- after civil war14th Amendment- after civil war1.1. every citizen has equal rightsevery citizen has equal rights

2.2. Bill of rights apply to the statesBill of rights apply to the states

II. Civil RightsII. Civil Rights

A.A. State vs. MannState vs. Mann (1830) (1830)1.1. owner charged for beating and shooting a owner charged for beating and shooting a

slaveslave

2.2. Court affirmed right of slavery, Supremacy Court affirmed right of slavery, Supremacy of the NC Constitutionof the NC Constitution

B.B. After Civil WarAfter Civil War1.1. Jim Crowe LawsJim Crowe Laws- laws that segregated - laws that segregated

public places (schools, restrooms, etc)public places (schools, restrooms, etc)

2.2. de jure segregatedde jure segregated- segregation by law- segregation by law

3.3. laws were affirmed by laws were affirmed by PlesseyPlessey (1896) and (1896) and overturned by overturned by BrownBrown (1954) (1954)

Education

• What do you think the greatest problems are in education in CMS/NC/US?

• If you could change one thing in the education system in CMS/NC/US what would you do?

• What do you think can be done to make up for the achievement gap between low performing and high performing schools?

C.C. Swann vs CMSSwann vs CMS (1965-1971) (1965-1971)1.1. choice in school and geography created choice in school and geography created de de

facto segregationfacto segregation- segregation in reality- segregation in reality

2.2. US Supreme Court decided that school US Supreme Court decided that school boards must actively integrate schools- boards must actively integrate schools- forced busingforced busing

Leandro Reading

1. What is the core dilemma in this debate?

2. How are public schools funded?3. (Rows 1,3,5) Make a list of arguments

for local control of education3. (Rows 2,4,6) Make a list of arguments

against local control of education

D.D. Leandro vs NCLeandro vs NC (1997-2007) (1997-2007)1.1. Poor counties sued the state because not Poor counties sued the state because not

equal education fundingequal education funding

2.2. ruled that every student receive an ruled that every student receive an adequate and “sound, basic” educationadequate and “sound, basic” education

3.3. created criteria (state tests) for achieving created criteria (state tests) for achieving grade levelgrade level

Civics Unit 8Civics Unit 8“Revenues, Taxes, and

Expenditures” (ch. 14.3)

I. Non-tax Revenue Sources A. Federal Grants-in-Aid- federal money

goes to state and local governments (usually for specific projects)

B. Intergovernmental Revenue- money from one level of gov’t to another (federal-state, state-county or city)

C. Municipal Bonds- loans issued by state and local gov’ts to build highways, libraries, parks, schools, etc1. may raise taxes to pay back2. voters vote on bonds

D. Other sources1. Fees- developers to use local service, use

of utilities2. Fines- punishment for violations3. Licenses- grant permission (hunt,

marriage, etc)4. Permits- grant permission (construction

project)5. Tolls- roads, bridges6. Lotteries- most states allow

Review1. What terms are used for the creation

and the expansion of municipalities?2. What is the Declaration of Rights?3. What is the difference between

initiatives and referendums?4. Name three differences between the

NC gov’t and the US gov’t.5. What were the holdings in State vs

Mann and Leandro vs NC?

II. TaxesA. Sales Tax

1. easy to collect, dependable 2. regressive- people pay same amount

B. State Income Tax- income of individuals and corporations1. progressive- more income, higher

percentage

C. Property Tax- biggest source of local money1. real property- land, buildings, etc2. personal property- cars, boats, jewelry

D. Excise TaxesE. Estate Tax

III. ExpendituresA. NC is legally

required to balance the budget

B. Education- (58% budget)1. local taxes provide

much funding2. states set curricula,

graduation req., pay for teachers

B. Public Safety- law enforcement and corrections system

C. Highways and Roads- speed limits, licenses, inspections

D. Other- Gov’t buildings, hospitals, libraries, parks