Where do we live?Where do we live?

How are the other How are the other planets compared planets compared to Earth?to Earth?

S6E1S6E1

We are the We are the 3rd3rd planet planet from the Sun from the Sun & the only & the only planet with planet with WATER in all WATER in all 3 forms: 3 forms:

liquid liquid

solid solid

gasgas

What galaxy do we live What galaxy do we live in?in?We are just one of We are just one of billions of billions of galaxies galaxies in the Universe.in the Universe.Our Solar System is a Our Solar System is a singlesingle star star system in the system in the Milky Way Milky Way galaxy galaxy which contains other single stars, which contains other single stars, doubledouble stars, star systems, dust & stars, star systems, dust & gas.gas.

Are there different kinds of Are there different kinds of

galaxies? galaxies? YES!YES!

How do the planets How do the planets stay in orbit around stay in orbit around the Sun?the Sun?

GravityGravity and and inertiainertia keep keep the planets the planets in orbit.in orbit.http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpUaf4KDvE0v=xpUaf4KDvE0

What determines the What determines the amount of gravity?amount of gravity?

The The sizesize of an object and of an object and distancedistance between objects determines the between objects determines the force of gravityforce of gravity

Why don’t the planets Why don’t the planets spin off into space?spin off into space?

Gravity is in control of the rest of the Gravity is in control of the rest of the motionmotion in the solar system. in the solar system. It keeps It keeps the planets in their current orbit & the planets in their current orbit & from spinning off into spacefrom spinning off into space

So…where is our solar So…where is our solar system?system? We are located on the We are located on the OrionOrion arm arm

of the Milky Way galaxy.of the Milky Way galaxy.

Trace over Trace over the areas the areas where the where the RED arrows RED arrows point to point to us…us…

These are OUT OF These are OUT OF ORDER…ORDER…

Put them in the correct Put them in the correct order from order from Largest to Smallest:Largest to Smallest:

The SunThe Sun The UniverseThe Universe The Solar SystemThe Solar System The Milky Way The Milky Way

GalaxyGalaxy

Correct AnswersCorrect Answers(from (from largest to smallestlargest to smallest):):

The UniverseThe Universe The Milky Way GalaxyThe Milky Way Galaxy The Solar SystemThe Solar System The SunThe Sun

How did the planets How did the planets form?form?

There are 2 different There are 2 different ways to classify our ways to classify our planets:planets:

Inner PlanetsInner Planets

Outer PlanetsOuter Planets

Inner Planets:Inner Planets:

Small & ROCKY surfaces Small & ROCKY surfaces with iron (metal) coreswith iron (metal) cores

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsMars

Outer planets:Outer planets:

Larger planets made of Larger planets made of mostly GAS: hydrogen, mostly GAS: hydrogen, helium, methane, and helium, methane, and ammonia.ammonia.

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and NeptuneNeptune

MercuryMercury DiscoveryDiscovery: Naked Eye : Naked Eye Name:Name: Roman messenger god Roman messenger god Avg. distance from Sun:Avg. distance from Sun:

57,909,175 km, 0.387 AU57,909,175 km, 0.387 AU MassMass: .055 x Earth's mass: .055 x Earth's mass DiameterDiameter: 4,879 km: 4,879 km Rotation:Rotation: 58.65 Earth days 58.65 Earth days Revolution:Revolution: 0.24 Earth years 0.24 Earth years

or 88 Earth daysor 88 Earth days Atmosphere Features:Atmosphere Features: thin, thin,

Hydrogen, Helium from Hydrogen, Helium from particles on Mercury’s surfaceparticles on Mercury’s surface

Temp.Temp.: -300: -300o o F to 700F to 700o o F F Moons: Moons: None None Rings: Rings: NoneNone

Taken by the probe Mariner 10

MercuryMercury Closest to the Closest to the

SunSun Smallest planetSmallest planet Almost no Almost no

atmosphereatmosphere Extreme low & Extreme low &

high temps!high temps! Has no seasons…Has no seasons…

why?why?

VenuVenuss

DiscoveryDiscovery: Naked Eye : Naked Eye Name:Name: Roman goddess of love Roman goddess of love Avg. distance from Sun:Avg. distance from Sun:

108,208,930 km, 0.723 AU108,208,930 km, 0.723 AU MassMass: 0.815 x Earth's mass : 0.815 x Earth's mass DiameterDiameter: 12,104 km: 12,104 km Rotation:Rotation: 243 Earth days 243 Earth days Revolution:Revolution: 0.62 Earth years 0.62 Earth years

or 224.7 Earth days or 224.7 Earth days Atmosphere Features:Atmosphere Features: thick & thick &

toxic cloud coverage, Carbon toxic cloud coverage, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfuric Acid, Dioxide, Sulfuric Acid, Nitrogen=intense Nitrogen=intense Greenhouse Greenhouse Effect!Effect!

Temp.Temp.: 860: 860o o F (Hottest planet! F (Hottest planet! Hot enough to melt lead)Hot enough to melt lead)

Moons:Moons: None None Rings:Rings: None None

Taken by the probe Mariner 10

VenusVenus 22ndnd planet planet ““Earth’s Twin” –Earth’s Twin” –

similar in sizesimilar in size Rotates clockwise Rotates clockwise

VERY slowlyVERY slowly HOTTEST planet HOTTEST planet

due to thick due to thick atmosphere & atmosphere & extreme extreme GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE EFFECT!EFFECT!

EarthEarth Name:Name: From Old English From Old English Avg. distance from Sun:Avg. distance from Sun:

149,597,890 km, 1 AU149,597,890 km, 1 AUMassMass: 1 Earth mass = : 1 Earth mass =

5,973,700 x 1021 kg5,973,700 x 1021 kgDiameterDiameter: 12,756 km: 12,756 km

Rotation:Rotation: 24 hrs 24 hrs Revolution:Revolution: 365.24 days 365.24 days Atmosphere Features:Atmosphere Features: 78%N, 21%O, 1% trace 78%N, 21%O, 1% trace

gases (Carbon dioxide, gases (Carbon dioxide, argon, helium), the only argon, helium), the only planet w/water in all 3 planet w/water in all 3 forms, perfect conditions forms, perfect conditions for living things! for living things!

Moons:Moons: One - Luna One - Luna Rings:Rings: None None

EarthEarth 33rdrd planet planet Our Moon is about ¼ Our Moon is about ¼

the size of Earth and the size of Earth and may have broken off may have broken off of Earth at some of Earth at some pointpoint

One day takes 23.93 One day takes 23.93 hours!hours!

Earth has 4 seasons Earth has 4 seasons due to the tilt on its due to the tilt on its axisaxis

MarsMars DiscoveryDiscovery: Naked Eye : Naked Eye Name:Name: Roman god of war Roman god of war Avg. distance from Sun:Avg. distance from Sun:

227,936,640 km, 1.524 AU227,936,640 km, 1.524 AU MassMass: 0.107 x Earth's mass: 0.107 x Earth's mass DiameterDiameter: 6,794 km: 6,794 km Rotation:Rotation: 24 hrs, 39 min, 35 sec 24 hrs, 39 min, 35 sec Revoultion:Revoultion: 1.88 Earth years or 1.88 Earth years or

686.9 Earth days 686.9 Earth days Atmosphere Features: Atmosphere Features: Carbon Carbon

Dioxide & trace gases ( Nitrogen Dioxide & trace gases ( Nitrogen & Argon), polar ice caps& Argon), polar ice caps

Temp.Temp.: 0: 0oo F to – 200 F to – 200oo F F MoonsMoons: 2 -Phobos and Deimos : 2 -Phobos and Deimos Rings:Rings: None None

MarsMars 44thth planet planet ““Red Planet” due Red Planet” due

to iron on the to iron on the surfacesurface

½ the size of ½ the size of EarthEarth

Has 2 tiny moons: Has 2 tiny moons: Phobos & DeimosPhobos & Deimos

Mars is much Mars is much colder than Earthcolder than Earth

JupiterJupiter DiscoveryDiscovery: Naked Eye: Naked Eye Name:Name: King of the Roman gods King of the Roman gods Avg. distance from Sun:Avg. distance from Sun:

778,412,020 km, 5.2 AU778,412,020 km, 5.2 AU MassMass: 318 x Earth's mass: 318 x Earth's mass DiameterDiameter: 142,984 km: 142,984 km Rotation:Rotation: 9 hrs, 56 min 9 hrs, 56 min Revolution:Revolution: 11.9 Earth years 11.9 Earth years Atmosphere Features:Atmosphere Features:

Hydrogen, Helium, clouds of Hydrogen, Helium, clouds of frozen ammonia & water vaporfrozen ammonia & water vapor

Temp.Temp.: mean temp.-166: mean temp.-166oo F F Moons:Moons: 63 (as of March 2008) 63 (as of March 2008)

Io, Europa, Ganymede and Io, Europa, Ganymede and CallistoCallisto

Rings:Rings: Yes Yes

JupiterJupiter 55thth planet planet Largest GAS Largest GAS

GIANTGIANT No seasonsNo seasons 4 largest moons 4 largest moons

were discovered were discovered by who???by who???

Faint, dark rings Faint, dark rings were discovered were discovered in 1980in 1980

SaturnSaturn DiscoveryDiscovery: Naked Eye : Naked Eye Name:Name: Roman god of Roman god of

agriculture agriculture Avg. distance from Sun:Avg. distance from Sun:

1,426,725,400 km, 1,426,725,400 km, 9.5 AU 9.5 AU MassMass: 95 x Earth's mass: 95 x Earth's massDiameterDiameter: 120,536 km: 120,536 kmLength of day:Length of day: 10 hrs, 39 min10 hrs, 39 min

Length of year:Length of year: 29.4 Earth 29.4 Earth years years

Atmosphere Features:Atmosphere Features: Ammonia, methane, toxic Ammonia, methane, toxic compounds compounds

TempTemp.: -140.: -140oo C (mean) C (mean)Moons:Moons: 47 Titan, Enceladus, 47 Titan, Enceladus,

Iapetus, and Mimas Iapetus, and Mimas Rings:Rings: Yes Yes

Taken by the probe Cassini

SaturSaturnn

66thth planet planet 22ndnd largest GAS largest GAS

GIANTGIANT Wide & thin Wide & thin

rings made of rings made of ice & rock ice & rock

Would float in Would float in an extra large an extra large bathtub!bathtub!

UranusUranus DiscoveryDiscovery: 1781, William : 1781, William

Herschel Herschel Name:Name: Greek sky god Greek sky god Avg. distance from Sun:Avg. distance from Sun:

2,870,972,200 km, 19.2 AU2,870,972,200 km, 19.2 AU MassMass: 14.4 x Earth's mass : 14.4 x Earth's mass DiameterDiameter: 51,118 km: 51,118 km Length of day:Length of day: 17 hrs, 14 17 hrs, 14

minmin Length of year:Length of year: 84 Earth 84 Earth

yearsyears Atmosphere Features:Atmosphere Features:

Hydrogen, Helium, Mixture of Hydrogen, Helium, Mixture of water & methane water & methane

Temp:Temp: - 195 - 195 °C°C Moons:Moons: 27 27 Rings:Rings: Yes Yes

Taken by the probe Voyager

UranusUranus 77thth planet planet Icy gas giantIcy gas giant Rotates on its Rotates on its

side!side! 11 faint rings11 faint rings Discovered in Discovered in

17811781 Each season takes Each season takes

just over 21 yearsjust over 21 years

NeptunNeptunee

DiscoveryDiscovery: 1846, Johann Galle : 1846, Johann Galle Name:Name: Roman god of the sea Roman god of the sea Avg. distance from Sun:Avg. distance from Sun:

4,498,252,900 km, 30.1 AU4,498,252,900 km, 30.1 AU MassMass: 17.1 x Earth's mass : 17.1 x Earth's mass DiameterDiameter: 49,528 km: 49,528 km Length of day:Length of day: 16 hrs, 7 min 16 hrs, 7 min Length of year:Length of year: 164.8 Earth 164.8 Earth

yearsyears Atmosphere Features:Atmosphere Features: Hydrogen, Hydrogen,

Helium, Methane (many clouds)Helium, Methane (many clouds) Temp.:Temp.: - 200 - 200oo C C Moons:Moons: 13 - Triton 13 - Triton Rings:Rings: Yes Yes

Taken by the probe Voyager

NeptunNeptunee

88thth planet planet Frigid, gas giantFrigid, gas giant Has rings that Has rings that

clump togetherclump together Takes 165 Earth Takes 165 Earth

Years to orbit Years to orbit the Sun oncethe Sun once

Each season Each season lasts 40 years!lasts 40 years!

Use your planet comparison Use your planet comparison table to answer these table to answer these questions:questions:

Which planet is the hottest?Which planet is the hottest? Which planet is the largest?Which planet is the largest? Which planet is known as “Earth’s twin”?Which planet is known as “Earth’s twin”? Which planet’s revolution period Which planet’s revolution period (year) (year) is is

approx. 12 x Earth’s revolution period approx. 12 x Earth’s revolution period (year)?(year)?

Which planet is approx ½ the size of Which planet is approx ½ the size of Earth?Earth?

Which planets have rings?Which planets have rings? Which planets are rocky?Which planets are rocky?

Comparing the sizes of our Comparing the sizes of our PlanetsPlanets (and Pluto, our Dwarf Planet)(and Pluto, our Dwarf Planet)