where is mediterranean europe?. mediterranean europe spain portugal andorra italy vatican city malta...
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Where is Mediterranean Europe?
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Mediterranean Europe
• Spain
• Portugal
• Andorra
• Italy
• Vatican City
• Malta
• Greece
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Mediterranean Sea
• Important Waterway
• Transportation all over southern Europe and northern Africa
• Trade
• Leads to Atlantic and other parts of the world
• Navigable
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The Mediterranean region was home to the two great civilizations
of ancient Europe. What were they?
• Ancient Greece
• Ancient Rome
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Greece: Birthplace of Democracy
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Three geographic features affected this region’s development
• Mild climate- made survival easier and societies had time to develop complex institutions such as government- speeches given outside
• Mountainous- segregates parts of Greece into city-states that become more important than the country
• Mediterranean Sea- encouraged trade with different societies bringing new ideas to the area. This leads to advances in knowledge
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Maps of Greece
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• The city-state of Athens developed the first democracy, a government in which the people rule.
• In Athens, all free adult males were citizens who had the right to serve in the law-making assembly
• Athenian democracy helped inspire the US system of government
• Warring among the city-states of Greece weakened them and they were eventually conquered by Alexander the Great
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Greek science, philosophy, drama and art helped shape modern culture.
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The Parthenon in GreeceFamous Greek Temple (450 BC) near Athens
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Typical Greek village and Greek money
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City of Santorini in Greece
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Greek Heroes: Hercules…Homer’s epics: The Iliad and Odyssey
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Apennine Mts.-Italy
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• Apennine Mountains in Italy
• Spine going down the back of the “boot”
• Difficult to travel from the east side of the country
• Most cities found in North or West
• North Italy different from South Italy
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“All roads lead to Rome”
• As Greece was losing it’s power, Rome was rising
• Founded in 753 BC• Huge empire by 100 AD• Built a large network of
roads for communication and to make it easy for armies to march
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• Rome was a republic, a government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name
• Rome conquered the Iberian and Balkan peninsulas
• Because of turmoil in the country, Rome put aside its republic and began to be ruled by an emperor.
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• One of Rome’s territories was Palestine, the place where Jesus was born. Christianity spread across the Roman empire when it became Rome’s official religion in the late 300 A.D.’s
• Emperor Constantine made it an official religion
• Roads that helped armies also helped spread Christianity
• All of this helped Christianity spread to the extent it does today
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Italy The Coliseum in Rome
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• The invaders who overthrew Rome had no strong central government and so Italy eventually became divided into many small city-states.
• In 1096, Christians launched the Crusades against the Muslims that were controlling Palestine.
Crusades
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Crusades
• Italians earned large profits by supplying ships for the Crusaders.
• Italian states became rich and they grew powerful once again
• The wealth they acquired would allow them to have more time for the arts
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Vatican City Smallest populated nation. Have their own flag and currency
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Vatican St. Peters Basilica
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Renaissance
• With the money gained from the Crusades, they had more to spend on non-necessities
• Could pay for art, become patrons of the arts
• More money and time to spend developing ideas and inventions
• Began in the Italian city-states
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• Time of renewed interest in learning and the arts that lasted from the 14th – 16th century
• Renaissance ideas began in Italy
• Spread north to the rest of Europe
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The Renaissance started in Italy in the 1300’s with
famous artists and inventors- such as: Leonardo, Michaelangelo, Donatelo, and Rafael
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Michaelangelo’s “Awakening Slave” & “Holy Family”
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Michaelangelo’s “Creation of Man” Painted on ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
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Leonardo DaVinci Artist & inventor
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Italy
Venice -Canals throughout the city
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• Buildings in Venice built next to the canal
• Water from canals weakens foundation
• Buildings begin to sink
• Use boats or gondolas to travel down the canals
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Venice Gondolas
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Leaning tower of Pisa
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Iberian Peninsula
• Spain and Portugal established colonies throughout the Americas and elsewhere
• They spread Catholicism and the Spanish and Portuguese language throughout the world
• Geography makes it easier for these places to head out of Europe
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Pyrenees Mountains Pyrenees Mts. have isolated the Iberian Peninsula from
the rest of Europe
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SPAIN
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Barcelona
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Columbus Monument
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AqueductsStructures that carried water for long distances
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Rock of GibraltarThe Rock of Gibraltar is famous for its strategic importance; it holds an underground military communication center and
a naval base.