Which of the above is living? Talk with your neighbor…Which of the above is living? Talk with your neighbor…HOW do you know which is living? What made you choose HOW do you know which is living? What made you choose

one over the other?one over the other?

A: A radiolarian is a tiny living thing that is A: A radiolarian is a tiny living thing that is covered with a glasslike shell and lives in covered with a glasslike shell and lives in

the ocean. the ocean.

A.A. B.B.

B. A snowflake is a crystal made of frozen B. A snowflake is a crystal made of frozen water.water.

THE THE CHARACTERISTICCHARACTERISTIC

S OF LIFES OF LIFE

BiologyBiology The organized study of living things The organized study of living things

and their interactions with the and their interactions with the environment around themenvironment around them

In other words, The study of life!In other words, The study of life!

Themes in BiologyThemes in Biology OrganizationOrganization Cells Cells Correlation between structure & Correlation between structure &

functionfunction Interaction between organisms & their Interaction between organisms & their

environmentenvironment Unity in diversityUnity in diversity Evolution (change over time)Evolution (change over time) Scientific ProcessesScientific Processes

Living things don’t exist in Living things don’t exist in isolation…isolation…

All living things depend on other living All living things depend on other living (and non-living) things in a variety of (and non-living) things in a variety of waysways Examples:Examples: Plants and HumansPlants and Humans Humans and water.Humans and water.

Time to think….Time to think…. On your own, think of some On your own, think of some

characteristics you would look for to characteristics you would look for to determine if something is alive or not.determine if something is alive or not.

Now, share your ideas with Now, share your ideas with oneone neighbor.neighbor.

Finally, let’s share as a whole group….Finally, let’s share as a whole group….

WHAT IS LIFE?WHAT IS LIFE? Living things are called ORGANISMSLiving things are called ORGANISMS All organisms must have ALL of the All organisms must have ALL of the

following NINE Characteristics of Life…following NINE Characteristics of Life…

Remember: Remember:

FRED H. FRED H. GARCGARC

““FRED”FRED” FF – – Use and need Use and need FFoodood

Organisms need nourishment as they grow and changeOrganisms need nourishment as they grow and change Organisms go through METABOLISM:Organisms go through METABOLISM:

The combination of chemical reactions through which organisms The combination of chemical reactions through which organisms build up or breakdown materials as it carries out its life processesbuild up or breakdown materials as it carries out its life processes

RR – – Must be capable of Must be capable of RReproductioneproduction Asexual ReproductionAsexual Reproduction

Offspring result from and resemble ONE parentOffspring result from and resemble ONE parent Sexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction

Offspring result from and resemble TWO parentsOffspring result from and resemble TWO parents EE – – Must be able to transfer Must be able to transfer EEnergynergy

Different organisms obtain energy in different waysDifferent organisms obtain energy in different ways (plants vs. (plants vs. animals vs. bacteria)animals vs. bacteria)

DD – – DDevelop and Growevelop and Grow Organisms undergo a series of stages to reach maturityOrganisms undergo a series of stages to reach maturity Infant Infant Toddler Toddler Young Adult Young Adult Adult Adult

““H”H” HH – – HHomeostasisomeostasis

Is a Is a Steady internal balanceSteady internal balance HH++

Blood PressureBlood Pressure Respiration rateRespiration rate Body TemperatureBody Temperature

““GARC”GARC” GG – – GGenetic codeenetic code

All organisms are based on virtually the same genetic codeAll organisms are based on virtually the same genetic code Inheritance of traits is carried and directed by DNA Inheritance of traits is carried and directed by DNA

AA – – AAdapt to change and EVOLVEdapt to change and EVOLVE ADAPTATIONADAPTATION

Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an environmentrespond to stimuli and better survive in an environment

Structural – wings, arms, ect.Structural – wings, arms, ect. Physiological – internal body processesPhysiological – internal body processes Behavioral – innate, learnedBehavioral – innate, learned

RR – – RRespond to stimuliespond to stimuli Variables (both living & nonliving) cause organisms to make internal as Variables (both living & nonliving) cause organisms to make internal as

well as external adjustmentswell as external adjustments STIMULUSSTIMULUS

A condition in the environment that requires an organism to change or adjustA condition in the environment that requires an organism to change or adjust RESPONSERESPONSE

A reaction to a stimulusA reaction to a stimulus

CC – Made of at least one (1) – Made of at least one (1) CCellell

Made up of CellsMade up of Cells CellCell

A collection of matter A collection of matter enclosed by a barrier enclosed by a barrier that separates the that separates the cell from its cell from its surroundingssurroundings

Organisms can be Organisms can be unicellular (single-unicellular (single-celled) or multi-celled) or multi-cellular (many-cellular (many-celled)celled)

Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization

1.) Atom1.) Atom 2.) Molecule2.) Molecule 3.) 3.)

MacromoleculeMacromolecule 4.) Organelle4.) Organelle 5.) Cell5.) Cell

6.) Tissue6.) Tissue 7.) Organ7.) Organ 8.) Organ System8.) Organ System 9.) Organism9.) Organism

From smallest to largest: