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Self-Assembling, Self-Healing Knowledge Curation & Discovery

WHITE PAPER SYNOPSIS

Knowledge, Connected.TM

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At its inception, crypto-currency was championed as a cure for the inequities, fragility and potential corruption of the conventional financial infrastructure. Just as wealth is power, so is knowledge.

Similar forces are at play for knowledge discovery, indexing, and curation, where the progressively greater over-concentration of knowledge collected and organized by public and private companies and organizations susceptible to vulnerability and fragility. These knowledge aggregators could literally turn off vast knowledge repositories or alter knowledge accessibility with a flip of a switch. Even if self-governed as fundamentally benign entities, these overly-powerful knowledge aggregators (equivalent to banks) might be forced to do so, either through a despot’s whims, forced censorship, natural disasters, or high-impact hacking.

Just as we cannot abdicate control of our financial systems to potentially vulnerable third parties, we must not abdicate our knowledge access through any third-party. Our collective open-source knowledge must be emancipated. We must protect our collective knowledge from natural disaster and war. How can we achieve these goals? Our access to such emancipated knowledge must be capable of:

1. Decentralized Ingestion and Immutable Table of Contents. Self-referencing and quasi-tribal collection of knowledge is inherently biased. The author of a document tends to cite other authors known to that original author, creating a self-reinforcing validity bias. Equally insidious are pay-to-play frameworks where only highly promoted, well-advertised content rises to the surface.

Omnity has developed a means to both collect and widely distribute documents on globally decentralized storage networks from any person anywhere in the world. Simply drag and drop a document into Omnity and it will self-assemble into our global library of commons. The blockchain serves as the substrate for an immutable table of contents for the global commons: During the ingestion process, each document is referenced by a simple blockchain payload of a triplet of hashes representing document data useful for collecting, connecting, and protecting each document, the latter representing the deep structure of that document’s content as its’ context evolves over time.

2. Unbiased Self-Assembly. Access to our global library of commons requires that individual documents be considered only on the merits of their content, and not based on the prestige of their authors, the authority of their institutional support, nor the power of their publishers. Documents should not be classified by biased quasi-academic citation impact factors, nor connected through self-referencing indexing schemes, nor through advertisement.

Omnity has developed a semantic signature technology that impartially and mathematically articulates the deep structure of a document, and self-assembles by inter-connecting to other documents with similar structure. For ingested documents, measurements of semantic breadth and depth are employed during self-assembly to further balance the global commons. Access is also preserved by user querying through whole document(s) and navigation of results through four fundamental forms of knowledge visualization: semantic relatedness, time, place, and document community.

SYNOPSIS

Omnity®: Self-Assembling, Self-Healing Knowledge Curation & Discovery

Omnity, Inc. 101 Jefferson Drive Menlo Park, CA 94025

briansager@omnity.io omnityteam@omnity.io

| VERSION 1.2

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3. Continuous Appendability. While the contents of a published document may not change, the context around that document most certainly will change, so Omnity’s hashed semantic signature must evolve and adapt over time to remain current and relevant. Enabling the semantic signature within a block payload to append these changes creates a continuously updated global knowledge framework.

4. Resilience to Perturbation Through Self-Healing. In addition to a blockchain-enabled immutable table of contents of the world’s documents, our document storage strategy must also be decentralized through widely-distributed file storage networks, so that destruction of content in one location can be detected and backfilled by the same content re-supplied from another location. This self-healing process allows for resiliency in the global document storage network, enabled by the semantic storage signature hash present in every block payload. Whether through human error, intentional mislabeling, or natural disaster, no document need be lost again.

VALUE ARISING FROM FUSION OF OMNITY & BLOCKCHAINRepresenting its core meaning, the semantic signature of a document is formed from the static, publication date-fixed content of the rare words in that document

compared to the time-dependent evolving context of related results around that document. Omnity forms an updatable semantic signature for each document based on (a) the mathematical signature of the statistical distribution of the rare words in a document by use of natural language processing, (b) the evolving “connective shape” of the sub-graph of knowledge in which a query document attracts resulting documents within an insight graph, leveraging graph mathematics, and (c) the semantic and graphical comparison of the query and response documents, by use of machine learning.

Within the block payload, a hash of the semantic signature of a document having undergone Omnity processing then serves as a dynamically evolving “connective glue” catalyzing the self-assembly of the global commons of documents. As the insight graph grows, the semantic signatures for each document residing within that graph can change over time. An evolving semantic signature is analogous to a transaction on a ledger: The presence of a hash of the semantic signature in the payload of a block enables (i) an immutable ledger of changing semantic values for a document over time, (ii) the comparison of potentially changing ledger values (Author, Title, Publisher, Publication Date, Current Semantic Signature) to support digital rights management for authors and publishers, including the detection of plagiarism and

Figure 1. A. Knowledge discovery though time-evolving semantic signatures. B. Digital rights management enforced through detection of similar or identical semantic signatures of documents with differing authorship or other metadata discrepancies. C. Protection of Ingested Documents through any of several hyper-decentralized storage networks.

A. B. C.

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fraud, and (iii) the substantially redundant placement of both (a) a global digital “card catalog”, placed in the blockchain itself, and (b) storage of the actual documents themselves, placed on both cloud-based and hyper-centralized document storage networks. Meta-analyses of trends in the ledger parameters over time support production and collection strategies for Authors and Publishers, while Readers enjoy rapid and systematic access to relevant content that was otherwise hidden within massive archives of rigidly over-categorized content.

REVENUE MODELThere are three tiers of Omnity users: (i) Free Use, (ii) Token-Based Consumption, and (iii) Enterprise-Scale Consumption. Each of these tiers are described in greater detail below.

Free Use of OmnityAccess to the public corpus of Omnity is free to all users. Users can query as many documents they desire, free of charge. In addition, up to twenty documents can be stored in their personal archive at no cost. Reports can be generated ad hoc within Omnity and free users can also export these query reports without limitation.

Token-Based Consumption of Omnity Users who consume Omnity through tokens enjoy all of the features of the free user tier, as well as a wider and deeper range of already-built and commercialized Omnity services:

(A) An Om token or fraction thereof can be used to ingest into Omnity and query on any number of documents or set of documents, where those documents can be privately archived on either a cloud-based and/or a blockchain-enabled, decentralized public ledger, useful both to validate ingestion time and date for time-sensitive documents, as well as to detect potential duplicate documents in Omnity. One Om token enables a 20-page document to be queried, where one page is defined as 3,000 ASCII characters. Token users can ingest and store as many documents as desired.

(B) An Om token or fraction thereof can also be used to trigger the automated production of an information feed, which we term a “Discovery Bot”, relative to a user-initiated query or set of queries. Discovery Bots can be produced over a specific unit of time (e.g. hour, day, week, month) as well as be triggered by an event (e.g. the accumulation of sufficient content, whose threshold is set by either the User or Omnity). The total number of and depth of Discovery Bots generated over a specified period of time drives the pricing of this service.

Enterprise-Scale Consumption of Omnity Enterprise-scale consumers of Omnity currently include Fortune 500 in a range of knowledge-rich and innovation driven industry verticals, including Aerospace, Energy, Materials, Medical Devices, and Pharmaceuticals, as well as State and Federal Governments.

For Enterprise-Scale customers, we perform three types of services:

(A) Custom ingestion of private, proprietary, and confidential document archives, often on-premises and behind the customer firewall. Omnity charges document ingestion fees on a per-document page basis, where a document page is defined as 3,000 ASCII characters. Value arises from two features: (i) Behind the firewall inter-connection of company-internal documents, patterned according to shared meaning, and (ii) One-way connection of internal documents to the public commons, enabling the detection of otherwise hidden high-value connective patterns.

(B) Customized query interfaces built according to company-centric workflow. As two examples, for a pharmaceutical company, queries may be in the form of nucleic acid sequences, while for an engineering-focused device manufacturer, queries may be in the form of specific device components.

(C) Customized reports and information feeds (Discovery Bots) according to company-centric workflow. Discovery Bots can be produced over a specific unit of time (e.g. hour, day, week, month) as well as be triggered by an event (e.g.

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the accumulation of sufficient content, whose threshold is set by either the User or Omnity).

For Enterprise Customers, Omnity can carry out Custom Ingestions (including harvesting emails, chat messages, and web sites), develop customized query graphical user interfaces (GUI), and perform customized and analytics and , including but not limited to machine-learning enabled semantic categorization. Enterprise-scale users typically pay a non-recurring engineering (NRE) fee for customized query and reporting services and an ongoing document ingestion service charge based on the volume of document ingestion.

Ecosystem Partners Consumption of Omnity TokensFor premium content available only through paid subscription, Omnity will work with Omnity customers who hold such subscriptions, as well as

the premium publishers, both of whom may employ Omnity tokens in transactions. For example, premium content providers may purchase semantic mappings of such publishers’ content through the consumption of Omnity tokens. Omnity will initially provide gifts of Om tokens to publishers during token allocation to “kick start” their consumption within the Omnity Ecosystem.

In addition to customers, Omnity works with premium and public publishers of documents. Public publishers include U.S. Federal, State, and Municipal entities, whose publish their content through APIs, which Omnity interacts with to receive their data, then parses such content. For premium publishers, Omnity serves to promote Digital Rights Management (DRM), minimize plagiarism and fraud through the detection of different documents with highly similar semantic signatures. Further, meta-analyses of trends in the ledger parameters over time support production and collection strategies for authors and publishers (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Omnity Ecosystem.

Premium Content Publishers (Paywalls)

Decentralized Reference Catalog

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OMNITY LEADERSHIP TEAMOmnity has attracted a diverse group of technical and scientific advisory experts, including two Nobel Laureates, a MacArthur fellow, the former CTO of Search at Salesforce and the former head of the entire USPTO.

Omnity is led by an interdisciplinary and highly collaborative team, including:Brian Sager is the CEO and co-founder of Omnity. Prior to Omnity, he co-founded a nanotechnology-enabled solar company, raising more than $500 million dollars to build out a million sq.ft. of production facilities in Germany and the United States, and growing headcount to more than 500. Previously he was a management consultant for the life sciences and fine chemicals industries, where he advised more than 50 Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology companies on issues ranging from R&D portfolio management to enterprise valuations for Mergers and Acquisitions. Brian holds a Ph.D. from Stanford, focused on self-assembly and pattern formation, and was a Helen Hay Whitney postdoctoral Fellow at MIT and Harvard, where he focused at the intersection between neuroscience and artificial intelligence. He codes in eight languages. He holds more than 120 issued or pending patents in fields ranging from nanoscale materials science to computational linguistics.

Darby Magill is the Director of Engineering and a co-founder of Omnity. With expertise in building cloud-scale services and distributed systems, Darby leads the architecture and deployment of Omnity’s cloud-based infrastructure and multi-region SaaS applications across multiple IaaS providers. She manages development of our cloud infrastructure, distributed search technologies, elastic computing strategies, APIs, data stores. Darby leads Product Development at Omnity, engaging closely with customers and driving Omnity’s agile engineering team to guide products and features from conception to launch. Prior to Omnity, Darby was a Senior Software Engineer at Franklin-Templeton Investments, where she led the development of enterprise search and document management systems for use globally, with a focus on legal and financial use cases. Previously, she

was a Systems Integration Analyst at Chevron Texaco. Darby holds CSM (Certified Scrum Master) and CSPO (Certified Scrum Product Owner) certifications. She holds a B.B.A. in MIS (Management Information Systems), with honors, from the University of Houston and has 2 patents pending in computational linguistics.

Florent Bouquet is responsible for front-end web development that includes beautiful document-driven visualizations that allow users to visualize communities of related documents across time, geography, company, community, and AI/ML-based document classification. He also regularly works across the full stack of the application, contributing to the APIs and data stores using current JavaScript runtime environments, distributed search technologies, and relational/SQL and NoSQL databases. He holds an M.S. in Computer Science, with honors, from the ENSEIRB-MATMECA, Bordeaux Graduate School of Engineering.

Young-Jun Kim is a back-end engineer with expertise in distributed search technologies, relational and NoSQL databases, and DevOps. At Omnity, he is responsible for developing index and search strategies, appropriately scaling the search infrastructure in our cloud-based deployment, across multiple IaaS providers. He is also responsible for developing data ingestion strategies for a multitude of document sources. Young-Jun also contributes to API development, data storage and retrieval, and document classification powered by artificial intelligence/machine learning. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from Hanyang University.

Lucas Harper has a Bachelor of Science in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley. Lucas is responsible for data acquisition at Omnity. Lucas performs research and gathers data for proprietary databases including information on investor syndicates for early-stage venture deals, early and mid-stage company profiles, journalists worldwide, as well as professor and researcher biographies for top universities globally. Lucas also contributes to document ingestion of other document types, such as academic journals.

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Some of our key domain advisors:Danny Kahneman is an Israeli-American psychologist notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making, as well as behavioral economics, for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Vernon L. Smith). His empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. In 2011, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers. In the same year, his book Thinking, Fast= and Slow, which summarizes much of his research, was published and became a best seller. He is professor emeritus of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School.

Kary Mullis is a 1993 winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), hailed as one of the monumental scientific techniques of the twentieth century. Mullis received a B.S. in Chemistry from the Georgia Institute of Technology, a Ph.D. degree in Biochemistry from the University of California, Berkeley, and held postdoctoral fellowships in Pediatric Cardiology at the University of Kansas Medical School, and in pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of California, San Francisco. He has spent his career working at the intersection of in biochemistry and DNA chemistry, within the biotechnology sector at Cetus Corporation, as Director of Molecular Technology at Xytronyx, and more recently at Altermune Technologies, which he founded.

Dan Jurafsky is a 2002 MacArthur Fellow and Professor of Linguistics and Computer Science at Stanford University. Jurafsky received his B.A. in Linguistics and Ph.D. in Computer Science at University of California, Berkeley, and was a postdoctoral fellow at the International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley. His research ranges widely across computational linguistics; special interests include natural language understanding, machine translation, spoken language and conversation, the relationship between human and machine processing, and the application of natural language processing to the social and behavioral sciences. He has published six books and 157 scientific papers.

Mason Porter is Professor of Mathematics at UCLA, and previously Professor of Nonlinear and Complex Systems at the Oxford University Centre for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. Porter received his B.S. in Applied Mathematics from the California Institute of Technology, his Ph.D. from Cornell University in the Center for Applied Mathematics, and held postdoctoral fellowships at the Center for Nonlinear Science at Georgia Tech, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley, CA, and the Center for the Physics of Information and the Condensed Matter Physics Group, both at the California Institute of Technology.

Gary Flake was most recently the CTO of Search at Salesforce.com. Previously he was the CEO and Founder of Clipboard, which was acquired by Salesforce. Prior to that, he was a Microsoft Technical Fellow. At Microsoft, he bridged Microsoft Research and MSN, by founding Microsoft Live Labs and setting the technology vision and future direction of the MSN portal, web-search, desktop-search, and commercial-search efforts. Prior to that, Flake was Overture’s Chief Science Officer. After Yahoo merged with Overture, he ran Yahoo Research Labs, corporate research-and-development activities, and company-wide innovation efforts. Flake was previously a research scientist at NEC Research Institute and the leader of its Web data-mining program. Author of the book, The Computational Beauty of Nature (MIT Press 1998), Flake created a number of publications focused on machine-learning, data-mining, and self-organization.

Graeme Martin is currently a strategic advisor for Hatchbox Bioconsulting. Previously, Dr. Martin was President and CEO of Takeda Ventures, Inc, with day-to-day responsibility for operations. With more than 35 years R&D experience in multinational pharmaceutical and biotech companies, he has overseen a wide range of therapeutic discovery initiatives that have resulted in three IND submissions and the launch of Zomig® now marketed worldwide for the acute treatment of migraine. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in Pharmacology from the University of Bath, UK and his doctorate from University College, London, UK.

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Robert Stoll is a former Commissioner of the U.S. Patent Office, and current Partner and Co-Chair of Drinker Biddle’s Intellectual Property Practice Group. Stoll retired from the USPTO as Commissioner for Patents after a distinguished 34-year government career. He was instrumental in the passage of landmark patent legislation, the America Invents Act, and lauded for his efforts to reduce patent pendency and improve patent quality while managing more than 8,000 patent examiners. Stoll earned a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Maryland and a law degree from Catholic University while working at the USPTO. He served a three-year term as a member of the Federal Circuit Advisory Council.

Ted Goldstein is Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology at UCSF Medical Center. Ted previously earned a Ph.D. in Biomolecular Engineering / Bioinformatics at the University of California at Santa Cruz working on a theory of the molecular processes of cancer. Ted was formerly Vice President of Developer Tools at Apple Computer, where his team created the Mac OS X and iOS runtime systems and the Xcode developer tools for Apple’s Intel, iPhone and iPad products as well as WebObjects which run iTunes and Apple’s retail web systems. Prior to Apple, Mr. Goldstein led the electronic commerce and smart card efforts at Sun Microsystems and JavaSoft where he created Java Card, the smartcard platform used for US Federal Identification and includes select medical information for the armed forces.

Marti Hearst is a Professor in the School of Information at the University of California, Berkeley. She did early work in corpus-based computational linguistics, including some of the first work in automating sentiment analysis, and word sense disambiguation. She invented an algorithm that became known as “Hearst patterns” which applies lexico-syntactic patterns to recognize hyponymy (ISA) relations with high accuracy in large text collections, including an early application of it to WordNet; this algorithm is widely used in commercial text mining applications including ontology learning. Hearst also developed early work in automatic segmentation of text into topical discourse boundaries, inventing a now well-

known approach called TextTiling. She is a leading expert in the area of user interfaces for search engine technology and big data analytics. She wrote the first academic book on the topic of Search User Interfaces (Cambridge University Press, 2009).

Sales, Business Development, & Federal Development AdvisorsJoseph Dinucci is an experienced sales and marketing professional, having held a range of positions including SVP Sales and Marketing, Immersion Corporation, SVP Worldwide Sales, SumTotal Systems, VP Business Development, E.piphony, VP Marketing, Silicon Graphics, SVP, Sales, MIPS Corporation, and Sales Manager, Digital Equipment Corporation. Over his career he has held 64 consecutive quarters meeting or exceeding sales targets. He holds an MBA from Duquesne University and a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Carnegie Mellon University.

Zane Edwards is a serial entrepreneur, investor, and advisor to high-tech firms including Omnity and ITCO Solutions. Previously he founded MyITgroup, a global SAP solutions provider for Fortune 2000 companies, where he grew sales 100% year over year, increased headcount from 5 to 350 in seven years, and grew revenues to over 70 million, providing services to over 600 direct SAP clients. Prior to MyITgroup, he was an Executive Vice President at Qwest Cyber Solutions LLC, where he managed an organization of over 400 people with annual revenues of $100M. Prior to Qwest, he was a Vice President at the Bank of America, where he managed direct sales for middle market commercial banking. He holds a BA from San Jose State University and an MS in Business Management from Golden Gate University.

Mike Helft was most recently a VP of Strategic Investments at Cap Gemini, and previously a Managing Partner for Ernst & Young, where he managed a high growth consulting practice for middle market companies in the Pacific Northwest. Prior to Ernst & Young, he was a managing Vice President for executive recruiting at Korn Ferry International. Previously he was a managing partner at Arthur Young, where he managed a management consulting practice for Arthur Young in Northern California. He holds a BA in

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This document was created for marketing purposes only. It does not include complete legal disclosures and/or a complete discussion of the potential risks posed by this investment offered under Regulation D of Rule 506(c). Please see the White Paper and Legal Disclaimers for a complete discussion of the potential risks associated with this investment and a complete list of legal disclaimers prior to participating in this Offering.

Sociology and Economics from Hunter College, and an MBA in Industrial Management from City University of New York.

Bob Van Heuvelen is the Founder and CEO of VH Strategies. Through his experience on Capitol Hill and in the Administration, Bob maintains relationships with Members of Congress, their staff, and key policymakers in the Executive Branch. Prior to founding VH Strategies in 2007, Bob served for a decade as Chief of Staff to then Senate Budget Committee Chairman Kent Conrad (D-ND). In this capacity, Bob advised the Senator on his work as Chairman, as well his work as a ranking member of the Finance Committee. Prior to working for Senator Conrad, Bob served as a federal prosecutor at the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). At the EPA, he led Civil Enforcement, earning the EPA Gold Medal. Before that, Bob led the DOJ’s Environmental Enforcement Section, where he earned the John Marshall Award. Bob graduated with honors from Macalester College. He also holds an M.P.P. from the Humphrey School at the University of Minnesota and a J.D. from the George Washington University School of Law. Bob is a member of the District of Columbia Bar.

PRESS AND AWARDSOmnity has received widespread press attention over the past year, including the following articles:

Digital Trends: Omnity semantic mapping search engine

Engadget: Omnity rare word search engine

Forbes: “Omnity is no simple search tool . . . it takes search to the next evolution.”

LegalTech news: “Semantics-based Search Engine Omnity Seeks to Revolutionize Litigation, Patent Case Preparation”

Nature: “Perhaps most significantly…researchers may be able to use the tool to step outside their comfort zones.”

NPR: TechNation: Finally! A new way of searching..”

Popular Science: “Omnity makes sense of the world’s messy documents”

Venture Beat: “the National Science Foundation . . . bills as a “game-changing breakthrough in research, analysis and knowledge discovery.”

TechCrunch: Omnity search engine finds documents relevant to yours regardless of language/.

Washington Post: “This new search engine could be way smarter than Google”

ZDNet: language-agnostic-document-processing-finding-relations-using-statistics-machine-learning-graph

Omnity has been awarded with five successive competitive innovation grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation, totaling $1.5M and placing Omnity in greater than the 95th %ile of grant recipients. In 2016, Omnity was also a winner of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Cancer Moonshot Challenge, in collaboration with its strategic partner partner Booz Allen Hamilton.