white steam cars models m-o
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White Steam Cars Models M-OTRANSCRIPT
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i u uoy
WHITE STEAM CARS
The Distinctively
American
Car
9
THE
WHITE
COMPANY
OHIO
R NCHES .
New
York City: Broadway
at 62d St. Boston: 320 Newbury
Street
San Francisco: Market St. at Van Neas
Ave.
Philadelphia: 629-33 North Broad St. Pittsburg: 138-148 Beatty St. Atlanta: 120 and 122 Marietta Street
Cleveland:
407 Rockwell Avenue Chicago: 240 Michigan Avenue London: 35
Kingly St -Regent
St.
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THE CAR FOR SERVICE
». *
:%
i<fe
.
T H E F A C T O R Y O F T H E W H I T E C O M P A N Y C L E V E L A N D O H I O
ANNOUNCEMENT
H E W hite Steam
Cars
for 1909 are bu i l t
in two
d i s t i n c t m o de l s w h i c h , a l t h o u g h
d i f fe r ing from each o ther w ide ly
in
power, in
size
and in price, resemble each other
in thei r general l ines of const ruc t ion .
The
pr in -
c ipal s t ruc tural change in the new cars, as com-
pared w i th p rev ious
W h i t e
models ,
is in the en-
gine. In
place
of the Stephcnson type of valve
mot ion p rev ious ly u sed , ano ther s t and ard t y p e ,
th e Joy
valve mot ion,
has
been adop ted .
T he
n ew
cons t ruc t ion
has
resul ted
in a fu r th e r
s i m -
pl i f i ca t ion
of the
eng ine , mak ing
it
l i g h t e r, m u c h
more compact an d even s t ronger th an before.
T he larger of the new Whi te ca r s , known as
th e
Model
M,
is
rated
at 40
steam horse-power.
This rat ing, l ike that
of our
smal l car ,
is
based
on the
actual power delivered
at the rear
w h e e l s ,
not merely on formulas , or on the power de-
l ivered at the
engine.
T he
prices
for the
Model
M cars , f .o .b . Cleveland, are as
fol lows :
w i t h
seven-passenger or
five-passenger
tour ing body ,
$4,000; w i t h li m o u s i n e b o dy ,
$4,800;
w i t h
l an-
d a u l e t
b o dy , $5,000. The whe el base of the
Model M is
1 2 2
inches ; t he f ront t i res arc
36
x 4 , and the rear t ires, 36 x 5 . The di-
mens ions of the eng ine are as
fo l l ows :
s t roke ,
4^ ; high-pressure
c y l i nde r ,
3 bore; low-pres-
sure cyl inder ,
5
bore.
The smaller of the
new
W hi te ca rs , know n as
the Model O, is
rated
at 20
steam horse-power.
The
prices
of the
Model
O
cars, f .o.b.
Cleve-
land, are as fo l lows: w i t h tour ing ca r o r run -
abou t body , $2,000; w i t h limousine body, $2,800.
T he wheel base of the M o de l O is
104 ;
the
t ires, both
front
and rear , are 32 x 3^ . The
dimens ions
of the
engine
are:
s t roke ,
3 ;
h i g h -
pressure cylinder, 2
bore;
low-pressure cy l ind er ,
4l bore.
In the
fol lowing
pages, the two new mo de ls
are fully
descr ibed
an d
i l lu s t ra t ed
and the ad-
vantages
of the
W h i te
are set
for th
i n c ons i de rab l e
detai l .
Three
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TH E I N C O M P A R A B L E WHITE
F I G .
1 .
M O D E L
M
F O R TY H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E
C A R
W I T H P U L L M A N B O D Y , 40 00
E q u i p p e d as
shown above
THE
ADVANTAGES OF THE WHITE
STEAM
CAR
A X PEMBERTON,
th e
famous Engl i sh
novelist ,
in an article wh ich appeared re-
cently in the Lond on Sphere summar ized
his experience
w i t h
his White Steam Car as fol -
lows :
I can
n a m e
no
object ion
to the
Whi te S team
Car. I have discovered no defect in it, no d i f f i
culty in i ts handling, no set-off whatsoever to i ts
incontes table
advantages.
Because th e White does possess incontest-
able
advantages
and because our cus tomers
are always ready to speak of the car in terms
such as above quoted, our cars have long en-
joyed a wide popu la r i ty . W e have made and
sold more large touring cars than any o the r m anu-
fac turer in the country and we are the only
Amer i can
makers who sell
cars
in quant i t ies in
foreign
countr ies .
A s the record of the White Steam Car during
the nine
years
that it has been before the public
is fully treated
in the
Wh i t e BULLETINS
and in
o the r pub l i ca t ions of the company, th is catalog
will be devoted mainly to a consideration of the
mecha nical featu res of the car.
The pr incipal advantages of the White Steam
Car are as
fol lows:
A ll var i a t ions of speed are ob ta ined wi thou t
th e shift ing of gears.
T he speed of the car responds instantly to th e
throt t le .
It is free
from
v ib ra t ion .
It is noiseless.
It is smokeless and odorless.
T he
engine
can
never
be
stalled.
It
starts from
th e
sea t—no cranking.
It is easiest on tires.
T he
power
is t ransm it ted
pos i t ive ly w i t h o u t
th e
use of a f r ict ion clutch .
It is une qua led for hil l-climbin g.
It is the simplest car to operate.
It is the
safest
car for the
passengers
as
wel l
as
fo r other
users
of the
highway.
In the next few pages, we shall consider
the
several advantages one by one, in order that they
may be
made clear
to
those
who are not
f ami l i a r
with
the White Steam Car of to-day.
F ou r
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THE CAR FOR SERVICE
F I G . 2 . M O D E L
O
T W E N T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E T O U R I N G G A R , 2000
E q u i p p e d a s
s h ow n a b ove
V A R I A T I O N S
OF
SPEED O B T A I N E D
WITHOUT SHIFTING O F G E A R S
Each cylinder of the White Steam Car is de-
l ivering power all of the t i m e ; t ha t is , t he r e is
steam pressure back of each piston pushing it in
the direction in w h i c h i t i s going, whether mov-
ing up or down. As there are two cyl inders in
the W hite engine , the crank -shaf t is rece iving
power at all
t imes f rom
tw o
sources.
This
last
s ta tement should be qual i f ied to this e x t e n t — a t
the instant w hen the co nnect ing rod of a cyl inde r
is on dead
center,
that
cylinder
is not
del iver ing
any power ,
but as the cranks are set 90° apart,
only one of them can be on dead center at a t ime
and, therefore , there
is one
cyl inder de l iver ing
power even
at the
instant when
th e
other
is not
doing so. Therefore , the supply of power f rom
the two
cylinders
is
absolute ly cont inuous
and no
fly-wheel is needed. It is also evident that power
will
be de l ivered by the engine , no m at ter a t wh at
speed
it may be
turning.
The dr iver o f a W h i t e can opera te his car at
any rate o f
speed desi red—from
a "crawl" to the
highest
speed
of
w h i c h
the car is
capab le—simply
by
va rying the speed of the engine. Th is is don e
by
m e a ns
of the
t h r o t t l e ,
th e
ac t ion
of which is
to
v a r y
the
a m o un t
of
s t eam admi t t ed
to the
cylinders.
Each cylinder of a gasoline engine can
del iver
power not more than one - four th of the t ime, be-
cause it s cycle of opera t ion is as
fol lows:
On the
first outward s t roke of the pi s ton , a charge of
gas is drawn i n ; on the f irst inw ard stroke, the
charge
of gas is
compressed;
on the
second out-
ward stroke, the charge is
explode
by means of
a spark, and power is pro duc ed; on the second
inward st roke ,
th e
burnt gases
are
expel led,
and
then the cycle commences anew. In practice, the
valves are so
t imed tha t power
is
actually deliv-
ered by each cy l inde r du r ing considerably less
than one - four th
of the
t ime.
Therefore , in a fo ur-cyl inder gasol ine engine
this condi t ion exists—there are only two im-
pulses of power fo r each revolution of the crank-
shaf t and
there
are
considerable periods
of no
power" be tween them. In order tha t th e engine
may con t inu e to turn d ur ing these interva ls of
no pow er, i t is necessary to store up power, and
this is done by adding a heavy fly-wheel. In
order t ha t the f ly-wh eel may store up an y con-
Five
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THE INCOMPARABLE
WHIT
F I G . 3 . M O D E L M FORTY H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E C A R W I T H TOURING BO DY , 4000
E q u i p p e d as shown above
siderablc a m oun t
of
power ,
it
mus t turn
at a
very
high rate of speed.
In the six-cylinder car the power impulses of
th e cylinders overlap, yet there are periods when
th e
power being del ivered is very small and,
therefore,
it is
still
necessary to use a fly-wheel,
a l though the latter is generally ligh ter than in the
four-cy l inder
car. In cit he r case, the energy
stored up in the fly-wh eel m u s t be
sufficient
to
carry the engine and its load over the periods of
no pow er ( in the case of the four-cyl ind er) or
th e
periods
of
l i t t le pow er
(in the
case
of the
six-cylinder).
It is
thus ev ident tha t
to get
pow e r
from a
gasoline engine it m us t be run at a comparat ively
high
ra te of speed. On the other han d, the
speed of the car
itself
must be frequ ent ly var ied
and in order that this may be accompl i shed ,
all of the larger
gasoline cars
are
provided with
ei ther
three
or four
sets
of
gears
of
different
ratios
(i n
add i t ion
to the
gear used
in
revers ing) .
The
driver
of a
gasoline car,
in order to
secure
any considerable variation in the speed of the
car , must
shift
gears, th at is, he must disconnect
his engine
f rom
one set of gears and connect it
wi t h another , so that the engine may cont inue to
t u r n
at a
relatively constant speed.
W i t h the s ix-cyl inder car , a som ewh at wid er
range of
speed
is obta inable
w i t h o u t
th e changing
of
gears than in the case of the four -cyl inde r
car, and its qual i t ies approach nearer to those of
th e
W h i t e ,
yet it is a
m a t t e r
of
dispute between
th e m a nuf a c t u r e r s of gasoline cars whether the
advantage gained
by the
add i t ion
of two
extra
cylinders counterbalances the greater w eight , cost
and complexi ty
involved .
THE
SPEED
OF THE C AR R ESP OND S
INSTANTLY TO TH THROTTLE
The speed of the steam
engine—and ,
conse-
quent ly , the speed of the car—responds ins tant ly
to the
a m o u n t
of steam
t h a t
is
admi t ted
by the
throt t le
to the cylinders . As we have shown, th e
speed of the gasoline car depends largely upon
the gear ra t io w hich is being used between the
engine and the rear wh eels. Therefo re, in order
to secure any wid e var iatio n in the speed of the
car, it is necessary to
shift
gears . Futherm ore ,
even with in the ranges of speed obta inable on
any one set of
gears,
th e
speed
of the
gasoline
car
does
not
respond
as
prompt ly
to the
thro t t le
as does th e speed of the s team car .
Six
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THE CAR FOR
SERVICE
F I G . 4 . M O D E L
O
T W N T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E
R U N A B O U T ,
$2000
Equipped
as shown above
IT IS FREE FROM VIBRATION
Owing to the fac t t ha t th e pow e r is being
app l ied
cont inuous ly , the m e chan i sm o f the
W h i t e
car is
entirely free
from
v ibra t i on .
In the
gasoline
car the power i s app l ied interm i t tent ly and con-
siderable
vibration
inevi tably
results.
IT IS
NOISELESS
There
is no
source
o f
loud noise
in the
W hi t e .
In the gasoline car, a
muf f l e r
mus t be provided
for
t ak ing
care of the exp los ions
w i t h i n
the
cy l -
inders .
As the
load increases,
th e muf f ler
does
i ts
work wi th decreas ing
eff iciency.
W he n
th e
muff le r is cut out , as is a common p r a c t ic e wi th
dr ivers when s tar t ing , c l imbing hills,
o r
u n d e r
other conditions
of hard
pulling,
loud and unpleas-
an t
noise results .
T h e
reason
fo r
c u t t i n g o u t
the mu f Hc r
when cons ide rab le power
is needed
is
t h a t
it
causes back-pressure
in the
cyl inders ,
r ed u c in g
th e power of the engine .
IT IS
SMOKELESS
AND
ODORLESS
In the Whi te there is no source of smoke or
of smell . The gasoline used in the bu r ne r is
c o n su m ed w i t h o u t produc ing
an y
smoke
or bad
odor.
In the
gasoline car,
th e
combust ion
o f
th e gasoline takes place w i t h i n the cy l inde r , w he r e
the re
is
necessar i ly present varying amounts
of
lubr icat ing oi l .
If
this lubr icat ing
oil is at all
in excess, it bu r n s w i t h th e gasol ine , caus ing un-
pleasant smoke and smel l . Former ly, not very
muc h a t t e n t ion w as paid to th i s f ea tu re , bu t s ince
th e park pol ice in a number of c i t i es have s tar ted
to
arrest
and
prosecute
th e
drivers
of
smoky
au tomob i l es ,
the
f reedom
o f the
W hi t e
from
s moke
and smel l has been more
widely
app r e c i a te d t ha n
eve r
be fore .
THE E N G I N E
CANNOT
BE STALLED
As the s team pressure in the Whi te car i s
a lways
available, there
is no way in
w h i c h
th e
engine can be stalled. Even in
such
a case
as the
sudden g iv ing
out of the
fuel , there wi l l
be no
s udde n fa i lure
of
power ,
but the
only
resul t
wil l
be a
g radual r educ t i on
of
s team
pres-
su re
and the operator can cont inue for some dis -
tance before
the
steam
is
entirely used
u p . The
gasol ine engine stalls w i t h o u t warn ing when
th e fue l
supply
is
exhaus t ed
(o r
mom entar ily shu t
off ) ,
when
th e spark
fails,
when th e
speed
of the
engine is al lowed to fal l o f f , o r w h en it is over-
loaded .
Seven
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TH E
INCOM P ARAB L E WHITE
F I G .
5 . M O D E L M F O R T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E L I M O U S I N E , $4800
E q u i p p e d as
shown above
IT STARTS
F R O M
THE SEAT-NO
C R A N K I N G
T o s t a r t the White car , the operator pushes
d o w n th e simpling lever and opens th e throt t le ,
and the car
starts
w i t h o u t
je rk .
B y
p u s h i n g
down
the simpling lever, th e
high-pressure
steam
is
adm i t t ed
to
both cylinders
and the
torque
of
the engine is enormously increased (when
start ing, great torque
is
partic ularly desirable) .
Ano ther reason
for
admit t ing
th e
high-pressure
steam
to
both cylinders
is
tha t
if the
high-pressure
connec t ing
ro d
should happen
to be
exact ly
on
dead
center, the car
would nevertheless
start
easily.
To start a gasoline engine, it is usual ly neces-
sary to perform the operation of
cranking.
This
process consists
of
turning over
th e
engine
by
m e a n s
of a
crank
u n t i l
a
charge
is
drawn in to
a
cylinder, compressed
and
exploded
b y the
spark .
If n
charge
of gas is
already compressed,
the en-
gine may be started on the first tu rn . If the
cyl inders
are
cold,
or if any
other condi t ion
is
not exactly what i t should be, the engine will
start only af ter varyin g amounts of t ime and labor
have been expended.
That th e
operation
of
cranking
a
gasoline
car is a
serious proposi-
t ion is indicated by the statist ics of the insur-
ance
companies, which show
that from 30 per
cent, to 45 per cent, of al l accidents ar ising
f rom
the use or m isuse of autom obiles are du e to
cranking.
The
operator
of a
gasoline car , having started
his engine, proceeds to
speed
i t up so
that
i t may
develop
th e
power necessary
for
star t ing
th e car. Then th e c lutch is engaged and the
car
starts, generally wi t h
a
jerk .
If the car
happens
to be on an up
grade
or in
heavy
sand or
m u d ,
th e diff icul t ies of
coupl ing
th e
rapidly moving engine
to the
heavy sta t ionary
load
are
increased
and the
st ra ins
on al l parts
of
the car are of greater severi ty.
Eight
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THE CAR FOR SERVICE
F IG. 6 . M O D E L
O
T W E N T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E TO W N G A R , 2 800
E qu i ppe d as shown above
IT IS
EASIEST
ON
TIRES
For the reason that the White car runs with-
out
vibration that i t starts wi thou t jerk and
that
it is not
subjected
to the
jolts resulting from
the changing of gears, tires last much longer
on the White than on any other car of sim ilar
weight .
POWER IS
TRANSMITTED
WITHOUT
THE USE OF A
FRICTION CLUTCH
In the White car there is no
frict ion
clutch.
It is possible to run the engine f ree—that is
disconnected
from th e rest of the driving gear.
But
when
the car is
started,
and
while
it is in
operation th e engine is connected positively w ith
the rear axle and there can be no trouble or loss
of power owing to the slipping o f a friction clutch.
As is
well kno wn every gasoline
car has
some
type of friction clutch, which is
used
when
start-
ing to connect the m oving engine to the stationary
load and w hich is also used to disconn ect the
engine
from the transm ission while changes of
gear
are
being
effected.
U N E Q U A L E D
FOR
HILL CLIMBING
The superiority of the
White
for
hill-clim bing
and for other kinds of hard pulling is very gener-
ally
recognized.
T he
W hite engine
has the
unique
quality that,
as its speed is
reduced
its
power
does not drop of f proportionately or may not
drop
off
at all.
This
is because in ordinary ru n-
ning the full steam pressure in the generator is
not util ized. T he throttle whe n only partly
opened, acts
somewhat like
a reducing valve,
so that
th e
pressure
of the
steam
as it
enters
th e
engine may be much less than that in the gener-
ator. W hen the throttle is opened wide the en-
gine receives th e
full
steam pressure. In this
way
more
power may be secured wi thout increas-
ing the speed of the engine or the s me power
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THE
INCOMPARABLE WHITE
F i g . 7 . THE W OR KI N G PARTS OF THE W HI T E S TEAM
E N G I N E
P — H i g h - P r e s su r e
Piston P— Low-Pre ssure Piston
V —Hi gh-Pres s ure
Valve
V —Lo w -Pres s ure
Valve
G— V al ve Guide by t i lt ing w h i ch t he Engine is reversed
A — R oc k e r - A r m w h i ch
dr ives
th e
Oiler
D— R oc k e r - A r ms wh ich
drive
th e Pumps
m ay
be secured even if the speed is reduced.
No o ther car possesses this quality and, there-
fore, no other ca r
acts
as well on hi l ls as does
the
Whi t e .
THE
SIMPLEST
CAR TO
OPERATE
The driver of a Whi t e , in order to adapt the
speed
of his car to
varying
road
conditions,
has
nothing to handle except his throttle. The t em-
perature
and
pressure
of the
steam
in the
gener-
ator remain constant, regardless of the running
conditions, w ithou t in any w ay engaging or re-
quiring the
attention
of the
driver.
On the
other hand, the driver of a gasoline car, in order
to
accommodate
th e
speed
of his
machine
to
varying road conditions, m ust operate (i) th e
throt t le ,
(2 ) the spark control, (3) the gear-shif t ing
lever and (4) the clutch.
SAFEST CAR FOR PASSENGERS AND
OTHER
USERS OF THE HIGHWAYS
The
passengers
in a
W h i t e
car are
qu i t e
im -
m u n e from th e danger of being involved in a
grade-crossing accident.
First of
all,
as the car
is
noiseless,
it is
easy
to
hear
th e
warning signals
or the noise made by an approaching train or
electric car. Secondly, as the engine cann ot be
stalled, there
is no
chance that
th e
power
will
fail suddenly a nd tha t the car w ill stop at some
critical time, as on a railroad crossing or in front
of
a trolley car. Thirdly , the driver of a W hite
car is more likely to slow up wh en nea ring a rail-
road crossing, or even to stop his car to make
sure
that th e
coast
is
clear, because this does
not
involve
any trouble on his part. On the other
hand, the driver of a gasoline car, knowing that
to slow down or to stop his car means the trouble
of shifting gears on restarting, is more likely to
take a
chance.
The greater safety to other users of the high-
way
is
because
of the
better consideration which
th e
driver
of a
Whi te
ca n
show
to
those
who
are drivin g horses. Not only is it no trouble
for th e White driver to stop his car, but also
when
his car
stops
his
engine stops, too.
The
driver of a gasoline car may stop his car, but he
is naturally reluctant to stop his engine, because
that means he must get out and crank before
restarting. If his engine is left running the
noise
and the smell scare nervous horses almost
as m uch as if the car we re m oving. Aga in, the
driver of a Whi t e is more likely to stop on a
steep up-grade, when necessary,
or to
drive
of f
the road into heavy sand or mud, because he can
restart from such a posit ion without trouble.
Ten
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THE CAR FOR
SERVICE
CONSTRUCTION
OF THE WHITE STEAM CAR
T
HE method of opera t ion of the Whi te
Steam
Car may be
described
as f o l l ows :
Water i s
p u m p e d f rom
t h e wa t e r t ank
t h r o u g h the regula t ing devices in to the top
coil
of
th e
genera tor . These
regula t ing devices
d ivert
pa r t o r a l l o f the water back to the tank
pe rmi t t i ng
to
pass t h rough t hem
to the
genera-
tor only such
an
a mo u n t
as the
runn ing con -
d i t ions a t t h e momen t may make necessa ry .
Th e passage o f t he va ry ing amoun t s o f wa t e r
t h ro u g h
the
regula t ing devices cont ro ls
th e
a mo u n t o f fuel supplied to the burner. By this
au toma t i c con t ro l
of the
w a t e r
and of the
fue l
th e
t empera ture and pressure of the s team re-
ma in abso lu te ly cons tan t no ma t t e r wha t t he
run nin g cond i t ions may be . Steam issues
f rom
the lower
coil
of the
genera to r
and goes to th e
engine .
The
s t e a m
on
leav ing
th e
eng ine
passes
to the
condenser
a t
t h e f ront
of the
car .
Here a l l
or the
greater
pa r t
of the
steam
is
condensed in to water
and i s pum ped back
to the t a n k to be
used over and over
again .
These
proc-
esses g o on
w i t h o u t
in any way requi r ing
th e
a t t en t i on
of the
opera tor except tha t
h e
r e g u l a t e s
t h e
speed and pow er of
th e engine
by
me a n s
of th e throt t le.
W e
shall
now
con-
s ide r t he de t a i l s o f
c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e
various parts of the
car.
T h e p o w e r
p l a n t s
o f o u r 4 0
h o r s e - p o w e r
M o d e l
M
and of our 20
h o r s e - p o w e r
M o d e l
O
are
absolutely
identical except in size and therefore th e fol low-
ing detai led descript ion applies equally to both
models.
It is
w o r t hy
o f
more than pass ing
a t-
t en t ion tha t in
o rde r
to double the capa ci ty of
th e Wh i t e p o w e r
p l an t i t is not
necessary
to
add to the num ber of par t s but s im ply to in -
crease their size.
It
indicates that the design
of th e
power p lan t
has
been thoroughly s tand-
ard ized and tha t i t i s idea l for automobi le
service.
T H E E N G I N E
The engine const ruc t ion i s
very
c lear ly shown
in
Figs.
7 8 9
10
and
n
Fig.
7
shows
a ll
t h e work ing pa r t s o f t he Whi t e e ng i n e— cr ank -
sha f t
pis tons crossheads conne ct ing rods
valve
mechan i sm and pump leve rs .
The
c rank -sha f t
is a
short one-piece forging
w i t h but two main bearings as show n in Fig . 8 .
F i g . 8 . THE C R A N K - S H A F T A N D A L L T H E P RTS TT CHED T H E R E T O
C —C r a n k - Sh a f t
B B —C r a n k - Sh a f t B e a r in g s
N N — L o c k Nuts a n d W a s h e r s
W —C o u n terw e i g h t
R R—Connec t ing Rods
S S—B a l l
Reta iners
B a l l - B e a r i n g s
i n p l a c e
Eleven
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TH E INCOMPARABLE W HITE
This is a
most advantageous construc t ion,
be-
cause when three o r more bearings are used
in any
shaf t there
is
a lways
a
possibility that
they may get out of a l ignment . The main
bear ings are of the annular type and may be
removed
from
th e c rank-shaf t by tak ing off the
lock nuts
and
lock washers,
N, N, in
Fig.
8.
T he main bear ings and the connect ing-rod bear-
ings are fitted
w i th
ball
separa tors
and the
balls
are
of extra large size.
The
connec t ing
rods
are
one-piece
forgings.
If
will
be noted
that the valves are
dr iven from
th e
connecting
rods.
This construc t ion
is
known
as the
Joy valve motion,
which has
long
been
a
s tandard
f o r m in
steam
engineer ing prac-
tice.
In
former
W hi t e models , the
Stephenson
t y p e
of
va l ve m o t ion
was used,
necessi
t a t i ng a num b e r
of eccentrics on
t he c r a nk - s ha f t .
The
adoption
of
the Joy valve m o-
tion
has
greatly simplified
the
engine construction,
reduc ing
the
n u m b e r
of par t s and also th e
size
and weight of the engine.)
B o t h the
high-pressure valve
and the
low-pres-
sure valve are of a type known as piston valves.
The steam pressure is the same on all sides of
a
valve
of
this type
so
tha t
th e
power
necessary
to operate
it is
negligible. Steam
is
admi t ted
through th e center of the valves and exhausts
at
t h e ends.
T he pressure on the va lve stuffing
F I G .
9 .
L E F T
S I D E O F T H E W H I T E
S T E A M
E N G I N E
W I T H
P U M P C O V E R S R E M O V E D
boxes
is
thus reduced
to
tha t
of the
exhaust
from
the respective cylinders.
The
small
arm A in
Fig.
7) on the end of
th e
p um p rocker-sha f t is connected by m eans
of
a ro d to a ratchet device , wh ich d r ives th e
oiler placed
on the
dashboard.
The
pulley
on
the forward end of the crank-shaft drives the
fan-shaft by
means
of a
belt.
The fan-shaft
bearin g is not held
r igidly in place ,
bu t
is pivoted ec-
centrically and a
spring
bears upon
it
in such a way
that the belt is
always
kept t ight .
The func t ion of
the fan is to draw
a
cur rent
of air
th rough th e spaces
between the
tubes
of
th e
condenser,
thus aiding
th e
process
of
con-
densation.
The
crank-case
of the engine is
made in one piece,
but ready access
m ay be had to all
parts
within
by
th e removal of the
side and bottom
plates,
and the
crank
shaf t
may
b e t a k e n o u t
through either
end. The new
engine permits
of
a
pleasing
and
symm et r ica l a r rangement
of the
necessary
piping
and
everything
under the
bonnet
is
easily accessible.
Stuffing-boxes are fitted to
the
uppe r end of the slides in which th e
cross
heads t ravel , so that no oi l may be splat te red
out of the crank case. The
p u m p s
are enclosed
so t h a t t h e y may be kept free from dus t , yet
they
are
readily accessible,
as
shown
in
Fig.
9.
There are the most thoro ugh p rovisions for
Twelve
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THE CAR FOR
SERVICE
F I G . 1 0 .
R E A R V I E W
O F T H E
W H I T E S T EA M E N G I N E
HHHIMHMnMMHMMMnMBii^̂ HMHMHMBHHHB̂ ^̂ BnBBMHSi
keeping the pumps and a l l parts
w i t h i n
th e
crank-case wel l lubrica ted.
T he
cylinders
are provided
wi th re l ief va lves
fo r getting rid of any wa te r w h i c h may be in
th e cyl inders when s ta rt ing
th e
engine cold.
Before admitting steam
to the
e ngine , these va lves
are opened momentari ly by means of a l i t t le lever
on the dash, and the entering steam q u i c k l y an d
effectually removes the wa te r .
The exhaust p ipe from the engine to the con-
denser
is
located
on the
right-han d s ide . W ithin
this exhaust pipe there is a coil of piping, through
whic h the
w a t e r from
the
pumps c i rcula tes
on
its
w a y to the genera tor .
This
a r ra ngem en t thus
constitutes a neat and compact feed-water heater
w h i c h pe r form s the doub le f unc t io n of hea t ing
th e
feed-wa te r
and of
a iding
th e
process
of
con-
densation.
The engine i s so adjusted tha t i t runs nor
mally on
c u t - o f f — t h a t
is, the a dm iss ion of
the steam to each cylinder is stopped before the
end of the s t roke and the s team then works ex-
pansive ly for the balan ce of the stroke. In s tart-
ing the engine, the pushing of the simpling pedal,
besides a dm it t ing the s team di rect ly to both cyl-
inders, allows the engine to take steam during
th e full
stroke.
There is also a
c u t - o f f
pedal
w h i c h , when pressed, admits s team during the
full working s t roke. This c u t - o f f pedal is
used only when s low, hard pul l ing
is
r e q u i r e d ,
as in c l imbing part icula rly s teep grades or run-
ning over very heavy roads. An in terest ing
f e a tu re of the Joy valve mechanism is that, w h e n
th e c u t - o f f is changed, the lead of the valves
rem a ins uncha nged
a nd the
engine thus runs
m ore sm ooth ly on cu t -o f f tha n w a s poss ib le
whe n the
Stephenson type
of
va lve m echa n i sm
w as
em ployed .
The engine i s
reversed
and the
F I G .
1 1 . R I G H T S I D E O F T H E
W H I T E
S T E A M
E N G I N E
W I T H
S I D E -P L A T E R E M O V E D
F R O M T H E C R A N K -
C A S E
S H O W I N G
T H E
V A L V E G U I D E
Thir teen
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THE
INCOMPARABLE WHITE
c u t - o f f is
changed
b y
s imply changing
the
t i l t
of
th e
gu ide , G,
in
Fig.
7 .
The
engine
is
suppor ted
on two
cross-members
of the frame, which are so
placed tha t
the
en t i r e
weight of the engine is b e h in d the
f ron t
axle, as
is
shown
in Figs. 15 an d
16.
The
engine
is so
h u n g
t h a t
the
d r iv ing
sha f t is perfec t ly
ho r izon ta l ,
and as
there
is
n e i t h e r c l u t c h
no r
t r an smis s ion
gear
on the
W h i t e ,
the
dr ive
is
d irec t
and
pos i t ive
f rom
the
eng ine th rough
th e
d r iv ing
shaf t to the
rear axle.
THE GENERATOR
T he
W hi te genera to r
may be
described
as the
f u n d a m e n t a l
d i s t i n g u i s hin g f e a t u r e of the W h i t e
Steam Car .
N o
o the r s t eam au tomobi le ,
or, in
fac t ,
no o the r s team power p lan t is , o r ever was ,
provided
w i th
such
a
device.
A s
there
are still
some people who bel ieve tha t the White genera-
tor in some way resembles the ord in ary boiler ,
we
would l ike to s ta te most em phat ica l ly th a t
there is no point of resemblance between the two,
except tha t they bo th perform
the fun c t i on o f
conver t ing wate r in to s team. The essential
poin ts o f
difference
between the two may be
summar ized a s
fol lows:
i.
In the White genera tor , the wa te r is at the
to p
and the
s team
at the
b o t t o m .
In the
ord i-
nary boiler,
the
wa te r
is at the
b o t t o m
and the
s team
at the
top .
— W TER
ianm
TTTHI
THTTT
T~T T
1
1
M
INN
i
im
:
;
)
I t I I I
E
1
; •. ; ;
i
i
;
ii i
ii
m
;
;' ' )
* i
;
)
.J ,
>
F I G
1 2
D I A G R A M
S H O W I N G T H E
C I R C U L A T I O N
T H R O U G H
T H E
W H I T E G E N E R A T O R
F I G 1 3 T H E W H I T E G E N E R A T O R
2 . In the Wh ite genera tor , the re la t ive am ou nt
of
water
and of
steam
is not at all
impor tan t .
In the ordinary boiler it is necessary that the
w a t e r be
kept
at a
certain
definite
level.
3. The
White genera tor con ta ins only
a
very
l i t t le water and steam at any given time. The
ord inary boiler con ta ins great qu ant i t ie s
o f
b o t h .
4.
W i t h
the
White genera tor ,
a ful l
pressure
of steam may be obta ined in a very fe w minu te s .
In the
ordinary boiler considerable t ime
is
neces-
sary to obta in full steam pressure.
5 .
The
White generator
has
only twelve jo in ts .
The
ordinary boiler
has
several hundred joints
and the
boilers
in
some
of the
ear ly s team auto-
mobiles had several thousand joints.
6. The joints in the White genera tor are at
the top, where they
are not
subjected
to
very
much hea t .
In the
ordinary b oiler, abo ut o ne-
half
of the
jo in ts
are
exposed
to the
hottest part
of th e fire.
7. The
joints
in the
White genera tor
are
m u c h
stronger than it is possible to make them in the
ordinary boiler.
8. In the W h i t e
generator
the water must en ter
the coldest part and be forced gradually to the
hot tes t
part. In the
ordinary boiler,
if the
wa te r
level
is
allowed
to run
low,
the
entering water
comes in to con tac t
at
once with
the
hottest parts
of
th e
boiler.
The s t ruc tura l fea tu res of the W hite gener-
Fourteen
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THE CAR FOR SERVICE
ator, as well as its lack of resemblance to the
ordinary boiler,
will be
made clear
by the
fol-
lowing
description and by an inspection of
Figs.
12
and 13. The generator consists of
nine coils
of
steel tubing placed
one
above
th e
other
an d
connected
in
series.
If the
whole were
to be
unwound and straightened
out,
it
would
be
seen
tha t the generator is made up of a single long piece
of
tubing. In
both
the
Model
M and Model
cars
the
generator tubing
is of
one-half
inch
internal d iameter , but the length of tubing
differs,
of
course,
for the two
models.
Fig.
12
shows diagrammatically
th e
circula-
tion
of the
water
and
steam through
the
gen-
erator.
It
will
be seen tha t the water or steam,
in
order to pass from one coil to that next below,
must
be
forced
up to a
level above
the top
coil
and must then pass down again.
This
fea ture
is
an important element in the construction of
the generator, as it prevents water from descend-
in g
by gravity and renders th e
circulat ion down
through
ih e
generator dependent upon
th e
action
of th e
pumps.
In
operation,
water is pumped into the
upper
coil and steam issues from the lower coil. The
precise point
at
which
the
water
flashes into steam has never been
definitely
determined, but it probably
varies
with
different
running conditions.
There
is but a
very
small
q u a n t i t y
of water and steam in the generator at
any given mom ent (in the larger car, the
total capacity of the generator is less
than one-third of a cubic foot), but
the process of m akin g steam is so
rapid
that
steam
is always available in
the quanti ty which the running condi-
tions may make necessary. It is also
evident
that, because
of the
small
capacity of the
generator,
very little
t ime
is necessary for
getting
up
steam.
The
strength
of the
tubing used
in
the White generator is greater than
can be definitely
determined
by any
available testing appar atus. Prof. R.
C. Carpenter, working in the laboratories of
Cornell Universi ty ,
found
th a t
the
tub ing wi th -
stood a pressure of 18,900 poun ds per square inch
without showing any signs of rupture. The
tests
could not be continued
w i th
higher pressures, ow-
ing to the l im itat io ns of the test ing apparatus. I t
should be
thoroughly understood, however, that
th e
safety
of the White generator does not depend
upon the integrity of the tubing. In other words,
if th e
tub ing should rup ture there w ould
be
absolutely
no
chance
of
harm
to the
occupants
of
the car.
There
would be no more inconveni-
ence caused by the giving
way
of a Whi te
generator while the car was traveling
along
the
road th an wou ld result
from th e
break ing
of
some
part of the
engine.
The
late Prof.
R .
H .
Thurston,
in
discussing
this
sub jec t ,
said, If
a
rup ture
is
effected,
it will not
result
in
any th ing
more serious than
a
split tube
in
which
the rent
acts as a self-provided safety valve. It has
already been pointed out that there is compara-
tively l i t t le water and steam in the generator .
In
this respect
it
differs
radically
from all
o t h e r
forms of steam-making devices, for the ordinary
boiler, besides being a steam-maker, serves also
F I G .
1 4 . R E A R
A X L E
A N D
B R A K E
C O N S T R U C T I O N O F T H E
M O D E L
O
W H I T E
C A R
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THE
INCOMPARABLE
WHITE
F I G . 1 5 .
CHASSIS
O F T H E M O D E L M F O R T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I TE G A R
Th e c h a ss i s is the same for al l the s t y l e s o f M o d e l M cars shown in t h i s
cat alog
as a r ese rv o i r f o r a cons iderab le vo lu m e of
both wa ter and steam. The explosion of an
ord inary bo i l e r—due generally to the fai lure of
one or more of the hundreds of jo in ts—is danger-
ous, not so much because of the escape of the
steam already fo rme d , but because there is
present
a very large volume of water which
passes
i n t o
s team
as
soon
as it is
relieved
of
pre s sure .
T h e r e
has
ne ve r
been an accident caused by
th e
genera to r
of a
Whi te S team
C a r — a n d
there
are over 6,000 cars of th i s m a k e in use.
U n f o r t u n a t e l y ,
however , o ther makes
of
steam
cars
have been bui l t w i t h ordinary boilers.
From t ime to t ime accidents to these obsolete
types of
steam
a u t o m o b i l e s are reported
and some people conclude that a W hite is
involved.
No one would judge the gasol ine
cars
of to-
day by the character is t ics of those built several
years ago, yet i t is a singular fact tha t some
people enter ta in a prejudice against th e W h i t e
of
to -day based solely on a know ledge that
some of the ear ly crude makes of s team cars
were unsat isfactory and, in some cases, even
dangerous.
HIGH
EFFICIENCY
To those who are famil iar w i t h t h e o r d i n a r y
types
of steam
machinery,
th e
economy
and ef-
f iciency of the White engine and the White gene-
rator are m atters of great interest . Professor
Carpenter , in a paper read b efore the Am erican
Society of
Mechanical E ngineers , repor ted th at
th e
W hite pow er-plant (generator , engine
and
all
accessories) develops
one
actual horse-power
for each 14.3 pounds of weight.
Professor Carpenter fu r the r repor ted that ,
in
the extensive tests wh ich he had conduc ted,
th e
White power-plant showed
a
water con-
sumpt ion of but 11.96 pounds per horse-power
per hour . This record is equaled only by t h a t
of t h e l a r g e s t t r i p l e - e x p a n s i o n c o n d e n s i n g
engines.
Owing to the high economy of the White en-
gine, it is possible to condense almost all of the
steam and , there fore, great mileage is obta ined
on one filling of the wa ter tank . The exact mile-
age
depends upon
the
running condi t ions,
but
it
is a
conservat ive s ta tement that
a
W h i t e
car
will make any ordinary
day s
trip on a tank of
water .
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THE CAR FOR
SERVICE
F I G . 1 6 . CHASSIS O F T H E M O D E L O T W E N T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E G A R
Th e
c h as s i s
is th e
same
for a l l the s ty l es o f
M o d e l
O
cars
e x c e p t t h e
r u n a b o u t
THE URNER
Benea th
the
genera tor
is
located
th e
burne r .
The fuel gasoline is supplied to the burne r
unde r a modera te pressure wh ich is mainta ined
by
th e
a i r -pump a t tached
to the
engine.
T he
fuel f irst passes through the vaporizer and then
in the
form
of a gas enters the burner whe re
it
m ixes
freely
with the a ir and burns with a
blue f lame giving per fec t combust ion. The pro-
ducts of
combust ion
pass
upward through
th e
coils of the generator w hich abstract practically
all of the hea t f rom them. The gases a re then
conduc ted downward through
an annular f lue
sur rounding the genera tor and are conducted to
th e rear of the
car wh ere they
are
dissipated
wi thou t their escape b eing in any way noticeable—
in contrast with th e tendency of the gasoline car
to leave ill-smelling smoke in its wake.
This
di f ference in fav or of the Wh ite as a l-
ready expla ined
is due to the f ac t
t ha t
th e
com-
bustion of gasoline alone does not create any
objec t ionable fumes whi le th e combus t ion of gaso-
line
and
lub r ica t ing oil wh ich takes place
wi t h in
the cylinders of the gasoline engine results in bo th
smoke and smell.
T he
generator
and the f lue
s u r r ound i ng
i t as
well
as the due beneath th e car are com pletely
insula ted with asbestos and so thoroug hly have
w e worked
out
this important de ta i l
in our new
models that those
parts of the car
w h i c h
a re
near-
est the genera tor do not when touched give any
indication
of
be ing even warm.
W e
believe that
in the
W hi t e
car the
produc ts
o f
combus t ion
f rom
the burner are disposed of much more satisfac-
torily than
a re the products of combust ion
f rom
th e cylinders of the gasoline car. In e ither case
approximate ly the same amount of hea t has to
be
disposed
of but in the
gasoline
car
addi t ional
difficult ies a re introduced because the products
are
smoky
and
i l l-smelling
and
also because
th e
exhaus t
m us t be muffled in o rde r not to o f fend
th e ears of the passengers in the car more than
necessary.
A
simple device used
in
connect ion with
th e
burne r
is the
pilot light. W hile
the car is in
use
a
t iny
f l a me
burns
he re pe r form ing
t he
two-fold
funct ion
o f keeping th e vapor izer hot and l igh t -
ing the
burner whenever
fuel is
supplied
to the
la t te r .
The
vapor izer
is a
s tee l forging w ith
a
n u m b e r
of passages bored thr ou gh i t and the
fuel
pass-
in g t h r ough
the
vapor ize r
on its way to the
burne r
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THE
INCOMPARABLE
WHITE
F I G . 1 7 .
M O D E L
M
F O R T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E
C A R
W I T H P U L L M A N B O D Y E Q U I P P E D W I T H G A P E
T O P
There i s an e x t r a c h a r g e f or the cape top
is conver ted by the hea t f rom a l iquid to a gas.
In s ta r t ing the car when pe r fec t ly cold,
the f irst
s tep
is to
l i gh t
the
p i lot l ight . W i thin
three o r f o u r m i n u t e s th e vapor izer becomes
heated and the m a i n fuel s upply i s t hen tu rned
on. The s team pre s sure r ap id ly m ount s up and
w i t h i n
no t
more than
ten
m i n u t e s f rom
the
t i m e
tha t a match i s touched to the pi lot l ight the
car is ready for the road. The reafte r the car
may be left s t a n d i n g for long periods and when
the driver is ready to resum e his journ ey all he
need
do i s to
open
th e
th ro t t l e
and run the engine
for a m i n u t e or two when norm a l cond i t i ons o f
steam pressure and t e m p e r a t u r e are re s tored.
A s a l ready pointed out there
is no
opera t ion
in
connect ion
w i t h
the
W h i t e
corresponding to
cranking.
THE
R E G U L A T I O N
The sys tem o f r egula t i on whereby th e t e m -
pe ra ture and pressure o f the s team a re kept con-
s tan t w i thout
in any way
engag ing
o r
r equ i r i ng
the a t tent ion of the operator, i s the same in the
new
models
as in the 1908
m ach ine s except tha t
the water passes f i r s t through the regula t ing de-
vices
and
then th rough
the
feed-water heater
in -
stead
o f
v ice versa
as
fo rmer ly .
B y
t h i s
new
a r rangement
the
water diver ted back
to the
tank
has
not had i ts
t empe ra ture increased,
as the
only
water pass ing through th e feed-water hea ter i s
tha t which goes to
th e
generator. To describe
briefly
t he
schem e
o f
regulating
th e
supply
of
wa te r
to the
gene ra tor
and the
s upply
o f
fuel
to the
burner are so controlled as always to be in perfect
ba lance wi t h each other . As soon as the s team
pressure r ises appreciably above th e n o r m a l
workin g pressure both supplies are at once cut
off.
As soon as
th e
pressure drops at all below the
norm al both water
and
fuel
a re
suppl ied
in
pro-
por t iona te quant i t i e s .
The
devices which regu-
late the fue l supply and the
wa te r
supply are
posi t ive
in
the i r ac t ion conta in
no
del icate par ts
and depend for the i r opera t ion only on tempera-
lure and pressure forces w h i c h are abso l u t e i n
the i r behavior. Externa l a tm osph er ic or c l im at ic
condi t ions
in no way
in f luence
th e
ac t ion
of the
regulating devices. In the gasoline car as is well
know n each change in a tm osph er ic or c l im at ic
cond i t ions
affects th e carbure ter .
FUEL
AND WATER TANKS
The
gasoline tank
made o f pressed
steel
is
h u n g in a well-protected posi t ion between the
rear of the frame and one of the
cross
braces
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THE CAR FOR
SERVICE
F I G . 1 8 . M O D E L O TWENTY H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E C A R E Q U I P P E D W I T H C A P E T O P
T h e r e is an extra
c h a r g e
for the c a p e t op
conn ect ing the s ides of the f ram e. The tank i s
div ided
into two compar tments , one of them being
of much larger capaci ty
than th e
other .
Ordi-
nari ly the burner i s suppl ied only f rom the
large
c o m p a r t m e n t .
The small
compar tment t hus
serves as an emergency tank, to be ut i l ized in
the
event
of the
giv ing
out of the
fuel
in the
o the r
c o m p a r t m e n t .
T he
wat e r t ank
is
located u nde r
the
foot
boards
on the
left hand side
of the
ca r ,
as
s h o w n
in
Figs.
15
and
16 .
OTHER
STRUCTURAL
FEATURES
Hi the r t o
w e
have spoken only
of
those f ea tu r e s
wh ich are pecu l i a r to the Whi te car . In describ-
ing those feature s of the W hi te wh ich are com mo n
to all
automobi les , such
as brakes,
axles, wheels,
oil ing sy stem , etc. , i t is difficult to do just ice to the
subjec t .
The specifications of two di f feren t
au to-
mobi l es
m ay read
m u c h
th e
same, yet
as
regards
su i t ab i l i t y
fo r
hard service, there
may be no
com-
par i son be tween
the
two.
For
example ,
a
cer ta in
car may have a sha f t dr ive , but the
shaf t
is set
at such an angle as to invo lve considerable w ear
at the universal joints and much loss of power .
The re for e , when w e specify t h a t
th e
W h i t e
has a
s ha f t d r i ve , w e wi sh to
e m p h a s i z e t h a t
th e
d r i v ing-
shaf t
f rom engine to
rear
axle is hor izontal and th at
th e
u niversal joints have prac t ically
no
w o r k
to do.
Similar ly, whi le a lmost
every
m a c h i n e h a s t w o
independent se t s
of brakes, one
mus t compare
th e
un usu al ly large brak e sur faces
on the
W h i t e
wi th the
cor responding
par t s in
o the r mach ines
to
ful ly apprec ia te th i s feature of the Whi t e ca r .
Moreover , it is diff icul t in a pr inted descr ip t ion
to g ive an ad equa t e i dea of m an y o the r W hi t e
fea tures , such as the ext reme
l u x u r y
of the
uphol s t e r i ng
and the re f inemen t o f
eve ry de t a i l
of
body cons t ruc t i on .
In shor t , the cor rec t designing of the many
par t s enter ing into the const ruc t ion of an auto-
mobi le and the proper solut ion of the tho usa nd
and on e problems ar i s ing w i thin the
fac tory ,
such
as the correct select ion of special steels for the
var ious par t s an d the i r proper hea t - t r ea tment , c an
be
expected only f rom comp anies wh ich have been
bui l d ing
cars
in large
q u a n t i t i e s
for a number of
years. In th i s connec t i on w e wo u ld aga in po in t o ut
that , during
th e
nine years that
th e
Whi t e S t eam
Car has been b efore the pu bl ic , we have bui l t more
large t o u r i n g cars than an y other concern in the
count ry . The purchase r
o f a
Whi t e , t he r e for e ,
receives the
benefit
of an expe r i ence in des ign ing
an d
b u i l d i n g
n o t
ob t a inab le e l sewhe re .
N i n e t e e n
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TH E I NCOMPARABLE W HI TE
F I G .
1 9. M O D E L
M
F O R T Y H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E L A N D A U L E T , 5000
E q u ip p e d as sho wn
above
OTHER PHASES
OF WHITE
DESIRABILITY
I
N THE
preceding
pages we have spoken only
of
th e
mechanical f ea tu res
of the
car,
bu t
there are add i t ional factors which should in-
cline the purchaser toward the Whi te .
First
of
all is its splendid
record
of successful every-day
service in the
hands
of
thousands
of
private own-
ers. It is difficult to secure exact stat ist ics re-
garding the mileage and service
secured
by auto-
mobi le owners
as a
class,
bu t
every indicat ion
just i fies the stateme nt that a far greater percentage
of the
owners
o f
W hi t e ca rs
go on
long, hard tours
t h a n
is the
case
wi th
owners
of any
o ther make
o f
car,
and the W h i t e is driven over the cou ntry
roads
a
li t t le later
in the
fa l l
and a
li t t le earlier
in the
spring than other cars. It is a mat ter of
record
tha t a ma jo r i ty of the
pioneer tours into regions
previously unknown to motorists have been made
by owners of Wh i te cars.
Another fac tor to be kept in mind i s the remark-
able record of the W hite in pub lic contests Its
victories in
hi l l -climbing have b een
so
persis tent
that most , if not all, th e events in hi l l -cl imb ing
contests are
open
for gasoline cars only. In
reliability and endurance contests the record of
W h i t e victories is practically unbroken, and i t
may be said of these contests in general that the
more severe the con dit ion s and the m ore rigid
the rules, the more impressive has been the per-
formance of the
White.
The fact that the Whi te i s
th e
only American
car w hich is sold in qua nti t ies in
foreign
countries
is of
considerable significance,
as is the
very
de -
cided preference shown toward the White by the
government au thor i t i es
in
this coun try .
Finally, we would call attention to the far-
reaching scope of our organization. Besides our
own branch houses, we have agents in every im-
porta nt ci ty, so tha t the White tou rist , whe rever
he may
be,
is
assured
of
receiving
th e
best
of
service.
Twentv
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THE CAR FOR SERVICE
F I G .
20.
M O D E L O
TWENTY
H O R S E - P O W E R W H I T E
LANDAULET,
2900
E q u ip p e d
a s
shown above
TOURING
BUREAU OF THE
WHITE
COMPANY
WING to the
fact that there
a re
more
Whi t e
cars in use
than
of any
other m ake
and
also
to the
fact
tha t
all
White owners
are dist inguished for their ceaseless touring ac-
tivities,
th i s company main t a ins
a
Tour ing
Bu-
reau for the collect ion and dis tr ib utio n of touring
data. An imp ortan t phase of the work of this
bureau is
th e
issuing of the White Route Books,
which give detailed road di rect ions for impor tant
touring routes.
T he
W hi t e Rou te Books
a rc
con-
ceded by all to be the best of their kind ever
issued. Seven num bers of the W hite Ro ute
Book
have been issued, cover ing the
following
rou tes :
N o.
i — N e w
York to the Berksh i re Hills v ia Pough-
keepsie and return by w ay of Hu d so n , K i n g -
ston, N e w b u r g h and
Tuxedo.
No.
2—New York
to
Norfo lk , Va . , inc lud ing
th e
route to and
from
Ph i lade lph ia , Get tys-
burg Harrisburg Hagerstown Winchester
etc.
No. 3—New York to Boston and Boston to New
York .
No. 4—Phi lade lphia to Cape Charles and Ba l t i m o re
to
H a l l
town.
No. 5—Buf f a lo to
A l b an y , A l b an y
to
Buffalo ,
New
Yo rk to A l b an y , A l b an y to New Yo rk , and
A l b an y to Quebec .
No. 6—Ph i l ad e l p h i a to Savan n ah v ia Hagers town,
Wheel ing , C inc innat i , Louisv i l le , Nashvi l le
a n d
A t l an t a .
No. 7—C h i cag o to Niagara Falls and re t u rn , Harris-
b u rg
to
Cleveland
and
Pi t t sburg
to
Wash ing-
ton, Pa.
Copies of these route books
will
be furn i shed , w i t h o u t charge, on applicat ion to the home office, to
any of the branches or agencies of
this
company , or to
the
Tour ing Bureau of THE
WHITE C O M P A N Y
1402 Broadway ,
New
York.
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THE INCOMPARABLE WHITE
SPECIFICATIONS MODEL " M" WHITE STEAM CAR
40
Steam
Horse Power
DIAMETER
or
HIGH-PRESSURE
CYLINDER
- - - - - - - - 3 inches
DIAMETER
or
LOW-PRESSURE
CYLINDER - - - - - - - - 5 inches
STROKE
- - - - - - - - -
4
i inches
INTERNAL DIAMETER OF GENERATOR
TUBING
- - - - - - - - iinch
WHEEL-BASE
- - - - - - -
I2
2
inches
FRONT
TIRES - - - - - - - 36x4 inches
REAR
TIRES - - - - - - - 36x5 inches
FRONT SPRINGS - - - - - -
44inches
REAR SPRINGS
- - - - - - -
5 6
inches
HAND
BRAKE —In te rna l expanding brake acting
within d rums on rear wheels.
FOOT
BRAKE —E xte rna l contract ing brake act ing
on
drums
on rear wheels.
GASOLINE TANK CAPACITY
- - 22 gallons
WATER TANK CAPACITY
- - - 18 gallons
MINIMUM CLEARANCE
- - - - io£ inches
BODY
- - - - - - - -
S e e I l lus t ra t i ons
Regu lar equipme nt consists of acetylene lamps prestoli te tan k la mp brackets piping tire holders
and coat rai l.
SPECIFICATIONS MODEL "O" WHITE STEAM CAR
20 Steam
Horse Power
FRONT SPRINGS - - - - -
REAR SPRINGS
- - - - -
DIAMETER OF HIGH-PRESSURE
CYLINDER 2j
inches
DIAMETER OF LOW-PRESSURE
CYLINDER - - - - - - - - i
inches
STROKE - - - - - - - - - 3
inches
INTERNAL DIAMETER OF GENERATOR
TUBING
- - - - - - - - i inch
WHEEL-BASE - - - - - - -
I 4
inches
FRONT
TIRES
- - - - - - -
32x3^
inches
REAR
TIRES - - - - - - -
32x3
inches
- - 37 inches
- - 45 inches
HAND
BRAKE—Inte rna l expanding brake act ing
wi th in
d r um s on rear wheels.
FOOT BRAKE —E xte rna l
con t r ac t ing
brake,
acting
on d r um s on
rear
wheels.
GASOLINE TANK CAPACITY - - 15 gallons
WATER TANK CAPACITY
- - -
13
gallons
MINIMUM CLEARANCE
- - - -
10
inches
BODY - - - - - - - - - S e e I l lustra t ions
Regular equipment consists of acetylene lamps prestol i te tank lamp brackets piping and coat rai l .
All
prices herein quoted
are F O B. Cleveland
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THE CAR FOR SERVICE
W A R R A N T Y
LL the parts of the
W hite Steam Car, Models M
V
and
O,
are
waranted
by the
seller against
defects
in w o r k m a n s h ip
or
material ,
for the
season
of
1909, ending
December
31, 1909, as follows:
Upon
th e
re turn
to
that
office of The
W hi te Company
from
which the car was purchase d the said
offices
being
as follows: The Home Office, at Cleveland, Ohio, and
th e branch offices at New York, Chicago, San Francisco,
Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Pittsburg, Atlanta
and
London)
of any
broken
o r
defective part wi thin said period,
transportation prepaid, th e
same will
be repaired or a cor-
responding new part will be supplied free of charge, f.o.b.
said office, if , upon inspection, the failure of said part is
shown to be due to
defect
in
mater ia l
or
workmanship,
and not due to
abnormal use, misuse,
neglect, or
accident;
but we assume no responsib ility for any labor or dam age
of
any
kind except
as
above provided.
We make no warranty whatever
wi th
respect to tires,
rims, gauges, lamps and other equipment not manufac-
tured by us.
The condition of this warranty is such that if the motor
vehicle to which it applies i s altered or repaired outside of
our
factory, offices,
or
distributing
points, our
liability
under
th is
warranty shall cease.
The
purchaser understands
and
agrees that
no
warranty
of an y k ind , of White Steam Cars, is made or author ized
to be made by The W hite Com pany other than that here-
inabove set forth.
THE
WHITE
C O M P A N Y
Twenty-three