Whither Bibliographic Data

Designing a roadmap to a new

bibliographic information ecosystem

Todd A. Carpenter, Executive Director, NISOChanneling Content in an Integrated World,

FEDLINK Spring Expo - May 22, 2013

1Sunday, May 19, 13

• Non-profit industry trade association accredited by ANSI with 150+ members

• Mission of developing and maintaining technical standards related to information, documentation, discovery and distribution of published materials and media

• Volunteer driven organization: 400+ spread out across the world

• Represent US interests to ISO TC 46 & also serve as Secretariat for ISO TC46/SC9 - Identification & Description

• Responsible for standards like ISSN, DOI, Dublin Core metadata, DAISY digital talking books, OpenURL, MARC records, and ISBN (indirectly)

About

2Sunday, May 19, 13

The NISO Community

3Sunday, May 19, 13

NISO’s Community

35 % Publishers/Publishing Organizations �

32% Libraries/Library Organizations �

36 LSA Members �(non-voting) �

33% Library Systems Suppliers, Publishing Vendors & Intermediaries �

ISO �

ANSI �

Other SDOs �

72 LSA Members

4Sunday, May 19, 13

Actively participate internationally with ISO, EDItEUR, IFLA, ICSTI, International STM Association, CODATA,

UK Serials Group, LIBER, Standards Australia, IETF, ISO Registration Authorities

NISO Internationally

5Sunday, May 19, 13

Technical Committee (TC) 46 Information & Documentation

Subcommittees (SC): 4 – Systems Interoperability

8 – Performance Measurement 9 – Identification & Description

11 – Records Management

NISO manages the Secretariat of ISO TC 46, SC 9

6Sunday, May 19, 13

Our Dear Old Friend, MARC

01386cam 2200301 a 450000100080000000500170000800800410002503500210006690600450008795500270013201000170015902000150017604000180019104300120020905000220022108200210024311000550026424503080031926000670062730000250069444000540071950000290077365000600080265000580086265000730092071000430099399100480103638568

5319951219150001.4881118s1989 nju 000 0 eng 9(DLC) 88029610 a7bcbccorignewd1eocipf19gy-gencatlg aCIP ver. pv04 12-06-95 a 88029610 a0887389538 aDLCcDLCdDLC an-us---00aZ674.8b.N44

198900a021.6/5/09732192 aNational Information Standards Organization (U.S.)10aInformation retrieval service and protocol :bAmerican national standard for information retrieval service definition and protocol specification for

library applications /capproved January 15, 1988 by American National Standards Institute ; developed by the National Information Standards Organization. aNew Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A. :bTransaction Publishers,cc1989. axii, 50 p. ;c26

cm. 0aNational information standards series,x1041-5653 a"ANSI/NISO Z39.50-1988." 0aLibrary information networksxStandardszUnited States. 0aComputer network protocolsxStandardszUnited States. 0aInformation storage and retrieval systemsxStandardszUnited States.2 aAmerican National Standards Institute. bc-GenCollhZ674.8i.N44

1989tCopy 1wBOOKS

7Sunday, May 19, 13

Our Dear Old Friend, MARC (formatted for your viewing pleasure)

8Sunday, May 19, 13

MARC ComponentsEncoding Structure

Z39.2ISO 2709:2008 -- Format for information exchange

Format structure

Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (2nd Edition) AACR2 Resource Description & Access

Exchange SystemZ39.50

SRU/SRW

9Sunday, May 19, 13

Photo: Minneapolis Collegeof Art and Design Library

10Sunday, May 19, 13

Why is MARC so efficient? It had to be.

Photo: Computer History Museum Data: Memory Prices (1957-2013)

11Sunday, May 19, 13

Why is MARC so efficient? It had to be.

$2,642,412

per MB

in 1965

Photo: Computer History Museum Data: Memory Prices (1957-2013)

11Sunday, May 19, 13

How much computer technology pre-dates this?

12Sunday, May 19, 13

Unfortunately, quite a bit...

13Sunday, May 19, 13

14Sunday, May 19, 13

Why?

15Sunday, May 19, 13

We avoid improving infrastructure

16Sunday, May 19, 13

Billions and billions of records

Photo: dfulmer

17Sunday, May 19, 13

Photo:from I Love Libraries

MARC’s Massive installed base

18Sunday, May 19, 13

If you were building a network todaywould you string copper everywhere?

19Sunday, May 19, 13

If you building a metadata ecosystem,would you start here?

01386cam 2200301 a 450000100080000000500170000800800410002503500210006690600450008795500270013201000170015902000150017604000180019104300120020905000220022108200210024311000550026424503080031926000670062730000250069444000540071950000290077365000600080265000580086265000730092071000430099399100480103638568

5319951219150001.4881118s1989 nju 000 0 eng 9(DLC) 88029610 a7bcbccorignewd1eocipf19gy-gencatlg aCIP ver. pv04 12-06-95 a 88029610 a0887389538 aDLCcDLCdDLC an-us---00aZ674.8b.N44

198900a021.6/5/09732192 aNational Information Standards Organization (U.S.)10aInformation retrieval service and protocol :bAmerican national standard for information retrieval service definition and protocol specification for

library applications /capproved January 15, 1988 by American National Standards Institute ; developed by the National Information Standards Organization. aNew Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A. :bTransaction Publishers,cc1989. axii, 50 p. ;c26

cm. 0aNational information standards series,x1041-5653 a"ANSI/NISO Z39.50-1988." 0aLibrary information networksxStandardszUnited States. 0aComputer network protocolsxStandardszUnited States. 0aInformation storage and retrieval systemsxStandardszUnited States.2 aAmerican National Standards Institute. bc-GenCollhZ674.8i.N44

1989tCopy 1wBOOKS

20Sunday, May 19, 13

“MARC Must Die!”-Roy Tennant (2002)

21Sunday, May 19, 13

Mmmmmm, Brains!

22Sunday, May 19, 13

MARC is useful.It is efficient.

It is our lingua franca.

There are many reasons to retain it.

But wait.....

23Sunday, May 19, 13

24Sunday, May 19, 13

25Sunday, May 19, 13

Everyone understand the semantic web?

Image: Matthew Hodgson - Beyond Web 2.0

26Sunday, May 19, 13

Everyone understand the semantic web?

Image: Matthew Hodgson - Beyond Web 2.0

27Sunday, May 19, 13

Movement toward linked data

datahub.io - 5107 data storesid.loc.gov

British National Bibliography (BNB)VIAF

OCLC WorldCat Linked Data Store Deutsche Nationalbibliografie (DNB) (Germany)

datos.bne.es (Spain)W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group

Many, many more...

28Sunday, May 19, 13

But is it sufficient?

29Sunday, May 19, 13

Organizations will not move away from a legacy system unless the new system:

a) Is demonstrably cheaperb) Is demonstrably more effective in producing results (discovery, use, etc.)c) Will make the organization demonstrably more efficient (staff, management, sales, etc.) ORd) The legacy system becomes entirely non-interoperable with other, more important systems ORe) The legacy system breaks and cannot be repaired

30Sunday, May 19, 13

Can we say a new metadata management system

based on linked data will be/do one of those things?

31Sunday, May 19, 13

What can we learn from IETF?

32Sunday, May 19, 13

2001 : 0db8 : 3333 : 4444 : ccc : 0ab9 : c0a8 : 9898

33Sunday, May 19, 13

34Sunday, May 19, 13

A good specification is necessary

34Sunday, May 19, 13

A good specification is necessary

but it is not sufficient

34Sunday, May 19, 13

35Sunday, May 19, 13

  It  is  in….              Adop%on                 (or  rather,  in  its  absence)

The point at which most standards fail is not prior to consensus

36Sunday, May 19, 13

“You would be a fool to design a system based

on an interchange protocol.”

- Mark Bide, EDItEUR

37Sunday, May 19, 13

Next generation library systems are

already in production

38Sunday, May 19, 13

Just a few...

39Sunday, May 19, 13

40Sunday, May 19, 13

How can we assure that we are doing the right things?

For everyone?That will save resources?

That will improve services?That will be adopted?

40Sunday, May 19, 13

NISO’s Bibliographic Roadmap Initiative

With gracious thanks to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

41Sunday, May 19, 13

Initiative coordinationGap identificationEconomic analysis

Engage diverse players Open process

42Sunday, May 19, 13

Defining what you are by what you are not

Not designing a specNot picking winners/losersNot advancing any “agenda”

43Sunday, May 19, 13

What have we done?

In-person meeting on April 15-16in Baltimore

An unconference on bibliographic data exchange

45 in-personmore than 40 more online

more than 200 subsequent viewers

44Sunday, May 19, 13

Next steps

Prioritization (IdeaScale)Virtual discussion sessions

Meeting at ALAReport this fall

45Sunday, May 19, 13

What we are trying to avoid

46Sunday, May 19, 13

The world makes way for the man who knows where he is going.

- Ralph Waldo Emerson

47Sunday, May 19, 13

“If you don't know where you're going, you might not

get there.”- Yogi Berra

48Sunday, May 19, 13

Questions?Comments?Thoughts?Discussion

49Sunday, May 19, 13

Thank you!

Todd Carpenter, Executive Directortcarpenter@niso.org

National Information Standards Organization (NISO)3600 Clipper Mill Road, Suite 302

Baltimore, MD 21211 USA+1 (301) 654-2512

www.niso.org

50Sunday, May 19, 13