who am i? fill out the sheet. 20 statements test
TRANSCRIPT
Count up responsesA-mode responses are the type of physical
characteristics found on your driver’s license: “I am a blonde”; “I am short”; I am a Wisconsin resident.”
B-mode responses describe socially defined statuses usually associated with group membership of some sort: “I am a college student”; “I am a Catholic”; I am a Korean.”
C-mode responses describe styles of behavior or emotional states: “I am a happy person”; “I am a country music fan”; “I am a fashionable dresser.”
D-mode responses are more general than individual: “I am part of the universe”; “I am a human being.”
ResponsesIn the U.S., people use C statements more
(preferences). There are cultural differences in the extent to
which people are independent (A and C) vs. interdependent (B responses).
Percentage of responses of each type
American students
Kenyan students Workers in Nairobi
Masai tribespeople
Sambura tribespeople
0
10
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70
roles and group membershipspersonal characteristics
Independent vs. interdependentMy happiness depends on the happiness of
those around me. I will sacrifice my self-interest for the benefit
of the group.If my brother or sister fails, I feel responsible.I am comfortable with being singled out for
praise or rewards.I enjoy being unique and different from others.Being able to take care of myself is a primary
concern for me.
Hofstede’s dimensionsPower distance (PDI)*Individualism versus collectivism (IDV)Masculinity versus femininity (MAS)Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI)Long-term orientationIndulgence vs. restraint
Development of a sense of selfChimps and orangutansHumans—18 to 24 months4 components:
Self-knowledgeSelf-controlImpression managementSelf-esteem
Self-knowledgeSelf-schemasIntrospectionSelf-awareness theory—how we act when
focus is on usSelf-discrepancy theoryCan be uncomfortable, so we may escape
from selfMemory Thinking about reasons
Self-knowledge via observationSchachter’s 2-factor theory of emotion
Feel arousal, then label it based on situationMisattribution of arousalDutton and Aron’s bridge study (percentage of
men who called the woman)
After crossing On bridge0
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70
Self-knowledge via observationSelf-perception theory (Bem, 1972)—we
observe our behavior to decide what we are likeIntrinsic vs. extrinsic motivationOverjustification effect
To decrease overjustification effectUse verbal rewardsUse performance-contingent rewardsMay not matter if not intrinsically motivated to
begin with
Self-knowledge via comparisonLooking glass selfSocial comparison theory (Festinger, 1954)
UpwardLateralDownward
Impression managementIngratiationSelf-handicappingSelf-promotionBasking in reflected gloryIntimidationExemplificationSupplication
ActivityDesign a short (1 min.) demonstration of this
strategy. Then think about the following questions: When is this strategy most likely to be used? Would it be used by someone with high power or low power? More by males or females? Is it an effective strategy?
Self-esteemWhen is it good vs. bad? Narcissismhttp://
psychcentral.com/quizzes/narcissistic.htm
ActivityRaise your hands if you agree Our country needs to address the growing number of
homeless persons. It is a good idea to floss your teeth daily. The right to vote is one of the most valuable rights of Korean
citizens. Eating a variety of foods each day, including five or more
servings of fruits and vegetables, contributes to good health.
Now answer yes/noDo you personally do anything to help the
homeless (e.g., volunteer at a homeless shelter or donate money)?
Do you floss your teeth everyday? Did you vote in the last election for which you
were eligible? Do you regularly eat five servings of fruits
and vegetables each day?
Cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger, 1954)Conflict between our view of ourselves and a
thought or behaviorWhen we surprise ourselves, feel stupid, or
feel guiltyMotivated to
Change behaviorJustify the behaviorDecrease how important the discrepancy is