Upload File

who is staco energy products?...• 120-600vac, up to 2000kva • 1% or better continuous voltage...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design
50
WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS? “Your Tailored Power Solutions Provider” Staco Energy Products is an 82 year old manufacturer of voltage control, power quality, and emergency lighting products. Staco utilizes power quality studies to correctly diagnose the customer’s problem, then provides the correct solution for the application, backed by a nationwide, 24x7 service organization. • Uninterruptible Power Supplies • Harmonic Mitigation • Emergency Lighting (UL924, OUST) • Frequency Converters • Power Factor Correction • Power Conditioning/Regulation • Variable Transformers/Test Sets • Power Quality/Load Studies

Upload: others

Post on 04-Sep-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS

ldquoYour Tailored Power Solutions Providerrdquo

Staco Energy Products is an 82 year old manufacturer ofvoltage control power quality and emergency lightingproducts Staco utilizes power quality studies to correctlydiagnose the customerrsquos problem then provides the correctsolution for the application backed by a nationwide 24x7service organization

bull Uninterruptible Power Suppliesbull Harmonic Mitigationbull Emergency Lighting (UL924 OUST)bull Frequency Converters

bull Power Factor Correctionbull Power ConditioningRegulationbull Variable TransformersTest Setsbull Power QualityLoad Studies

Broadcast Products

VOLTAGE REGULATORS amp POWER CONDITIONERS

MODULAR POWER CONDITIONING SYSTEM VOLTAGE REGULATION

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 120-600VAC up to 2000kVA

bull 1 or better Continuous Voltage Regulation

bull 97-99 Efficient bull Flexible Design

Staco in the Broadcast Market

UPS PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

UNISTAR V1 ndash 3 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 120120 VAC amp 230230VACbull Standard and LB Extended Models Availablebull Universal TowerRack Mount

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

UNISTAR VP6 amp 10 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 09 Power Factorbull Continuous Digital Signal

Processor Controlbull LCDLED Mimic Panelbull Parallelable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | LINE INTERACTIVE | NETWORK CAPABLE

UNISTAR SB-NET800VA - 3 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Pure Sine Wave Outputbull Battery Backup amp Programmable Outletsbull Multiple communication optionsbull Universal TowerRack Mountbull Hot Swappable battery designbull Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) to correct

brownouts and overvoltages without using battery power

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE XD10 ndash 40 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Single Phase or Three Phase Output

Configurations Availablebull Offers 50degC rating without derating UPS output bull Input friendly low reflected harmonic content bull 5 Year Warranty

INDUSTRIAL UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PLT10 ndash 60 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Parallel up to 4 Unitsbull Compact amp Reliable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PE80 - 200 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Unity Power Factor bull gt 965 Efficiency bull Up to 99 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Lower initial cost and heat outputbull 5060 Hz Switching Capability bull 4 Year Warranty

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE P65 - 500 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Up to 98 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Reliablebull Flexiblebull Compact

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

UNISTAR SCLI924350W - 21 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection

bull High AC to AC Efficiency

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 2: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Broadcast Products

VOLTAGE REGULATORS amp POWER CONDITIONERS

MODULAR POWER CONDITIONING SYSTEM VOLTAGE REGULATION

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 120-600VAC up to 2000kVA

bull 1 or better Continuous Voltage Regulation

bull 97-99 Efficient bull Flexible Design

Staco in the Broadcast Market

UPS PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

UNISTAR V1 ndash 3 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 120120 VAC amp 230230VACbull Standard and LB Extended Models Availablebull Universal TowerRack Mount

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

UNISTAR VP6 amp 10 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 09 Power Factorbull Continuous Digital Signal

Processor Controlbull LCDLED Mimic Panelbull Parallelable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | LINE INTERACTIVE | NETWORK CAPABLE

UNISTAR SB-NET800VA - 3 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Pure Sine Wave Outputbull Battery Backup amp Programmable Outletsbull Multiple communication optionsbull Universal TowerRack Mountbull Hot Swappable battery designbull Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) to correct

brownouts and overvoltages without using battery power

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE XD10 ndash 40 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Single Phase or Three Phase Output

Configurations Availablebull Offers 50degC rating without derating UPS output bull Input friendly low reflected harmonic content bull 5 Year Warranty

INDUSTRIAL UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PLT10 ndash 60 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Parallel up to 4 Unitsbull Compact amp Reliable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PE80 - 200 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Unity Power Factor bull gt 965 Efficiency bull Up to 99 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Lower initial cost and heat outputbull 5060 Hz Switching Capability bull 4 Year Warranty

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE P65 - 500 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Up to 98 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Reliablebull Flexiblebull Compact

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

UNISTAR SCLI924350W - 21 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection

bull High AC to AC Efficiency

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 3: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

VOLTAGE REGULATORS amp POWER CONDITIONERS

MODULAR POWER CONDITIONING SYSTEM VOLTAGE REGULATION

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 120-600VAC up to 2000kVA

bull 1 or better Continuous Voltage Regulation

bull 97-99 Efficient bull Flexible Design

Staco in the Broadcast Market

UPS PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

UNISTAR V1 ndash 3 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 120120 VAC amp 230230VACbull Standard and LB Extended Models Availablebull Universal TowerRack Mount

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

UNISTAR VP6 amp 10 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 09 Power Factorbull Continuous Digital Signal

Processor Controlbull LCDLED Mimic Panelbull Parallelable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | LINE INTERACTIVE | NETWORK CAPABLE

UNISTAR SB-NET800VA - 3 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Pure Sine Wave Outputbull Battery Backup amp Programmable Outletsbull Multiple communication optionsbull Universal TowerRack Mountbull Hot Swappable battery designbull Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) to correct

brownouts and overvoltages without using battery power

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE XD10 ndash 40 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Single Phase or Three Phase Output

Configurations Availablebull Offers 50degC rating without derating UPS output bull Input friendly low reflected harmonic content bull 5 Year Warranty

INDUSTRIAL UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PLT10 ndash 60 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Parallel up to 4 Unitsbull Compact amp Reliable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PE80 - 200 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Unity Power Factor bull gt 965 Efficiency bull Up to 99 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Lower initial cost and heat outputbull 5060 Hz Switching Capability bull 4 Year Warranty

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE P65 - 500 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Up to 98 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Reliablebull Flexiblebull Compact

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

UNISTAR SCLI924350W - 21 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection

bull High AC to AC Efficiency

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 4: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

UPS PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

UNISTAR V1 ndash 3 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 120120 VAC amp 230230VACbull Standard and LB Extended Models Availablebull Universal TowerRack Mount

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

UNISTAR VP6 amp 10 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 09 Power Factorbull Continuous Digital Signal

Processor Controlbull LCDLED Mimic Panelbull Parallelable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | LINE INTERACTIVE | NETWORK CAPABLE

UNISTAR SB-NET800VA - 3 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Pure Sine Wave Outputbull Battery Backup amp Programmable Outletsbull Multiple communication optionsbull Universal TowerRack Mountbull Hot Swappable battery designbull Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) to correct

brownouts and overvoltages without using battery power

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE XD10 ndash 40 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Single Phase or Three Phase Output

Configurations Availablebull Offers 50degC rating without derating UPS output bull Input friendly low reflected harmonic content bull 5 Year Warranty

INDUSTRIAL UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PLT10 ndash 60 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Parallel up to 4 Unitsbull Compact amp Reliable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PE80 - 200 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Unity Power Factor bull gt 965 Efficiency bull Up to 99 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Lower initial cost and heat outputbull 5060 Hz Switching Capability bull 4 Year Warranty

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE P65 - 500 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Up to 98 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Reliablebull Flexiblebull Compact

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

UNISTAR SCLI924350W - 21 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection

bull High AC to AC Efficiency

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 5: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

UNISTAR V1 ndash 3 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 120120 VAC amp 230230VACbull Standard and LB Extended Models Availablebull Universal TowerRack Mount

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

UNISTAR VP6 amp 10 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 09 Power Factorbull Continuous Digital Signal

Processor Controlbull LCDLED Mimic Panelbull Parallelable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | LINE INTERACTIVE | NETWORK CAPABLE

UNISTAR SB-NET800VA - 3 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Pure Sine Wave Outputbull Battery Backup amp Programmable Outletsbull Multiple communication optionsbull Universal TowerRack Mountbull Hot Swappable battery designbull Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) to correct

brownouts and overvoltages without using battery power

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE XD10 ndash 40 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Single Phase or Three Phase Output

Configurations Availablebull Offers 50degC rating without derating UPS output bull Input friendly low reflected harmonic content bull 5 Year Warranty

INDUSTRIAL UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PLT10 ndash 60 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Parallel up to 4 Unitsbull Compact amp Reliable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PE80 - 200 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Unity Power Factor bull gt 965 Efficiency bull Up to 99 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Lower initial cost and heat outputbull 5060 Hz Switching Capability bull 4 Year Warranty

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE P65 - 500 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Up to 98 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Reliablebull Flexiblebull Compact

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

UNISTAR SCLI924350W - 21 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection

bull High AC to AC Efficiency

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 6: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

UNISTAR VP6 amp 10 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 09 Power Factorbull Continuous Digital Signal

Processor Controlbull LCDLED Mimic Panelbull Parallelable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | LINE INTERACTIVE | NETWORK CAPABLE

UNISTAR SB-NET800VA - 3 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Pure Sine Wave Outputbull Battery Backup amp Programmable Outletsbull Multiple communication optionsbull Universal TowerRack Mountbull Hot Swappable battery designbull Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) to correct

brownouts and overvoltages without using battery power

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE XD10 ndash 40 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Single Phase or Three Phase Output

Configurations Availablebull Offers 50degC rating without derating UPS output bull Input friendly low reflected harmonic content bull 5 Year Warranty

INDUSTRIAL UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PLT10 ndash 60 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Parallel up to 4 Unitsbull Compact amp Reliable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PE80 - 200 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Unity Power Factor bull gt 965 Efficiency bull Up to 99 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Lower initial cost and heat outputbull 5060 Hz Switching Capability bull 4 Year Warranty

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE P65 - 500 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Up to 98 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Reliablebull Flexiblebull Compact

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

UNISTAR SCLI924350W - 21 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection

bull High AC to AC Efficiency

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 7: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESSINGLE-PHASE | LINE INTERACTIVE | NETWORK CAPABLE

UNISTAR SB-NET800VA - 3 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Pure Sine Wave Outputbull Battery Backup amp Programmable Outletsbull Multiple communication optionsbull Universal TowerRack Mountbull Hot Swappable battery designbull Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) to correct

brownouts and overvoltages without using battery power

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE XD10 ndash 40 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Single Phase or Three Phase Output

Configurations Availablebull Offers 50degC rating without derating UPS output bull Input friendly low reflected harmonic content bull 5 Year Warranty

INDUSTRIAL UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PLT10 ndash 60 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Parallel up to 4 Unitsbull Compact amp Reliable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PE80 - 200 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Unity Power Factor bull gt 965 Efficiency bull Up to 99 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Lower initial cost and heat outputbull 5060 Hz Switching Capability bull 4 Year Warranty

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE P65 - 500 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Up to 98 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Reliablebull Flexiblebull Compact

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

UNISTAR SCLI924350W - 21 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection

bull High AC to AC Efficiency

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 8: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE XD10 ndash 40 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Single Phase or Three Phase Output

Configurations Availablebull Offers 50degC rating without derating UPS output bull Input friendly low reflected harmonic content bull 5 Year Warranty

INDUSTRIAL UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PLT10 ndash 60 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Parallel up to 4 Unitsbull Compact amp Reliable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PE80 - 200 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Unity Power Factor bull gt 965 Efficiency bull Up to 99 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Lower initial cost and heat outputbull 5060 Hz Switching Capability bull 4 Year Warranty

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE P65 - 500 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Up to 98 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Reliablebull Flexiblebull Compact

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

UNISTAR SCLI924350W - 21 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection

bull High AC to AC Efficiency

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 9: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PLT10 ndash 60 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 208VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltagesbull Parallel up to 4 Unitsbull Compact amp Reliable

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PE80 - 200 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Unity Power Factor bull gt 965 Efficiency bull Up to 99 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Lower initial cost and heat outputbull 5060 Hz Switching Capability bull 4 Year Warranty

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE P65 - 500 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Up to 98 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Reliablebull Flexiblebull Compact

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

UNISTAR SCLI924350W - 21 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection

bull High AC to AC Efficiency

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 10: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE PE80 - 200 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Unity Power Factor bull gt 965 Efficiency bull Up to 99 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Lower initial cost and heat outputbull 5060 Hz Switching Capability bull 4 Year Warranty

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE P65 - 500 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Up to 98 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Reliablebull Flexiblebull Compact

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

UNISTAR SCLI924350W - 21 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection

bull High AC to AC Efficiency

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 11: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIESTHREE-PHASE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | PARALLELABLE | ON-LINE UPS

FIRSTLINE P65 - 500 KVA

wwwstacoenergycom

bull 480VACbull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Up to 98 Efficiency in ECO Mode bull Reliablebull Flexiblebull Compact

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

UNISTAR SCLI924350W - 21 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection

bull High AC to AC Efficiency

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 12: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

UNISTAR SCLI924350W - 21 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection

bull High AC to AC Efficiency

ENERGY EFFICIENT UPS

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 13: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE PLT 924 9 - 54 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protection bull High AC to AC Efficiency bull User-Friendly Mimic Panel bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages

THREE-PHASE

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 14: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

EMERGENCY LIGHTING INVERTERSPARALLELABLE | DOUBLE-CONVERSION | ON-LINE UPS

100 LED COMPATIBLE

FIRSTLINE P 924 585 - 225 KW

wwwstacoenergycom

bull Advanced Circuitry and Battery Protectionbull Cost Effective High Reliability Design bull Supports all connected lighting loads bull Monitoring and Communications bull Available in 208 amp 480 Voltages bull Customizable Battery Times

THREE-PHASE

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 15: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Broadcast Market

Chuck Barry ndash Staco Energy Products

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 16: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Agenda

Introduction

1 Current Lead Acid Battery Solutions

2 Lithium-Ion Batteries

3 Case Study

16

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 17: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential17

CURRENT LEAD-ACID SOLUTIONS1

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 18: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Why are batteries important for critical facilities

18

ndash Batteries play a critical role in each phase of power stability and they increase ability to operate autonomously

ndash Critical Loadsbull Loss of Revenue Uptime Business Ability Customer Satisfaction

Utility

Gen-set

UPS Critical Loads

3 Switchgear 1 Short Duration backup

2 Engine Starting

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 19: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

ldquoThe Weakest Link of Any Continuous Power System is the Lead Acid Batteryrdquo

19 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 20: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Definitions ndash Battery terms

21

Ah ndash Ampere-hours

bull Batteryrsquos rating of capacity

bull 1 amp for 1 hour = 1Ah

Rated capacity of a battery

bull Amps available at a fixed time to a fixed end of discharge voltage at a standard temperature

bull Ni-Cd batteries rated capacity is measured at (per IEC60623)

o 5 hours to 100Volts per cell (VotlsCell) at 77degF at fully charged state Example 235Ah = 47A for 5 Hours

bull Lead-Acid Batteries rated at the 8hr rate to 175VPC 77F

Power = Instantaneous (V x I = Watts)

Energy = Power x Time (Watt-hours)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 21: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs

1 10 Year Valve-Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

2 20 Year Sealed VRLA Batteries

3 20 Year Wet Cell Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 23

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 22: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Battery Technologies

ndash10 Year ldquoVRLArdquo

bull Aka ldquoMaintenance Freerdquo ldquoGel Cellrdquo AGM

bull 3 to 5 year life on most UPSrsquos

bull Low cost most prevalent

bull Parallel Strings and Battery Monitoring System = Good Idea

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 23: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Battery Technologiesndash20 Year Sealed (Stackable)

bull 9 to 12 year life (depending on number of outages environment)

bull Fails in ldquoshortedrdquo or open position

bull About 2x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 24: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Battery Technologiesndash 20 Year ldquoWetrdquo Cell

bull 15 to 20 year life

bull Very reliable

bull High maintenance large footprint eye wash stationhellip

bull About 3x cost of 10 Year VRLA

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 25: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter

1 California Fire Code 2007ldquoIFC 6083 Thermal runaway VRLA battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude detect and control thermal runawayrdquo

2 This section applies to VRLA battery systems with an electrolyte content greater than 50-gallons

3 Spill containment dedicated rooms for VRLA

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 27

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 26: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Lead Acid Battery

ndash Widely Adopted

ndash A Known Entity (good or bad)

ndash Almost 100 recyclable

ndash Scrap Value for Lead

28

Benefits of Lead-Acid

ndash Unpredictable Performance

ndash Lack of Affordable Accurate Battery Monitoring System

ndash Temperature-Sensitive

ndash Slow Recharge Time

ndash Heavy Cumbersome to Replace

ndash Requires Frequent Maintenance

Cons of Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 27: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction

29

Exploded View

2 VoltsCell Nominal

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 28: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

30

Lithium Battery Construction (Cylindrical Cell vs Pouch Cell)

Cylindrical Cells

IFR26650

IFR18650

Battery Module Design

Pouch Cells

Cathode Powder

Nominal Cell Voltage 23V - 38V (Based on cathode chemistry)

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 29: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Copyright 2006 Toshiba Corporation

Flywheel Energy Storage System

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 30: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential35

LI-ION BATTERIES2

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 31: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Battery BasicsHistory

ndash 1991 Sony introduced the first Li-ion cell (18650 format)

ndash 1992 Saft introduced its commercially available Li-ion cell

ndash 1976 Exxon researcher ndash Whittingham described lithium-ion concept in Science publication entitled ldquoElectrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistryrdquo

36

The future of batteries ndash Lithium-ion

1792 1802 1836 1859 1868 1888 1899 1901 1932 1947 1960 1970 1990

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 32: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Overview of Battery Types

37

Global Market of Batteries

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 33: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Li-ion Many Flavors

39

ndash Currently Used Cathodesbull LiCoO2 = LCO ndash Cell Phones Tablets Camerasbull LiNiCoAlO2 = NCA ndash Industrial EVrsquos bull LiNiMnCoO2 = NMC ndash E-bikes Medical Devices EVrsquosbull LiMn2O4 = LMO ndash Power Tools Medical Devicesbull LiFePO4 = LFP ndash Portable and Stationary high load

applicationsndash Currently Used Anodes

bull Graphite = Carbon (C)ndash Emerging Anodes

bull Li4Ti5O12 = Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO)

bull Alloy anodes = Si and Sn based (Silicon and Tin)

bull Mainly improving safety

195 Ahkg145 Ahkg125 Ahkg

162 Ahkg

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

CAPACITY (Ahkg)

VO

LTA

GE

(V)

LiNiO2

LiCoO2

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 34: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Major Lithium Ion Chemistries

Tradeoffs among the four principal lithium ion battery technologies

The furthered colored shape extends along a given axis the better the performance along that dimension

Source Battcon Paper JMcDowall

40 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 35: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Cell Formats

41

ndash Cylindricalbull Provides best support for expansion and contraction of

electrodes during cycling

bull Suitable for higher capacity levels per cell

bull Less factory handling required

ndash Prismaticbull Better energy density with thermal barriers

ndash Pouchbull Difficult to seal for long life

ndash Capacities determined by geometry (up to 80Ah per cell)

ndash Varying the winding process results in different battery performance (Energy vs High Power)

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 36: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

From Cells to Modules

42

Lithium-Ion Modulesndash 12V 24V 36V 48V common Voltages- Packs of Lithium-ion cells- Typically contains

- Li-ion Cells

- Bus Bars

- Electronics

- Monitoring

- Communications

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 37: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Battery Management System

Ensures safe operation and Real-Time Status of the batteryIt also contains battery protection and safety devices with CircuitBreakers andor contactors to control string connectivity which keeps thebattery in optimal operating condition

During operation the BMS (battery management system) offers real-timeinformation from the battery through various protocolcommunication inindustrial format

43 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

VCellMin

VCellMax

Tmax

Tmin

Current for Discharge

Recharge Current

SOH

SOC

Ibat

Vbat

Warnings

Faults

Battery mode

MBMM watchdog

of BMM in parallel

of BMM connected

of BMM disconnected

Remaining capacity

Remaining energy

To full charge energy

VMD

VMR

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 38: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 44

(Various protocols)

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 39: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Power

Volta

geLi-Ion Systems Scalability

Example profile 500kW for 5 min at 480Vnom

4 strings at 506V consisting of 11xmodules

45 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

BMM

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

506 Vnom

Intelli-Connectreg

MBMM wPLC

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Flexrsquoion 46 PFe

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 40: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Related Standards for Emerging Technologies

46

ndash IEEE Std 1679-2010bull IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy

Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

bull Recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage device or system for any stationary application

bull The storage medium may be electrochemical (eg batteries) kinetic (eg flywheels) electrostatic (eg electric double-layer capacitors) thermal or some other medium

- Devices recharged by non-electrical means such as fuel cells are beyond the scope of this document

- The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data

ndash IEEE Std 16791 ndash draft format

ndash UL1642 UL1778 UL1973 UL9540a

ndash NFPA 1 NFPA 855 IFC

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 41: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018 47

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 42: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

C100

C10

C

10C

100C

1

10

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy [Whkg]

Pow

er [W

kg]

Super capacitor

Ni-MH

Ni-Cd

High Power Li-ion (VLP)

Medium Power Li-ion (VLM)

High energy Li-ion (VLE)

Very-high power Li-ion (VLV)

AgO-Zn

Ultra-high power (VLU)

Li-Ion Flexibility

48

Ragone diagram

Standard Lead-Acid

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 43: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Graph1

C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
370
002
02
2
20
200
003
03
3
30
300
004
04
4
40
400
005
05
5
50
500
006
06
6
60
600
007
07
7
70
700
008
08
8
80
800
009
09
9
90
900
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
1 1 1 1 1 90
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 44: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Graph par kg

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Spiral Lead
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
001
01
1
10
100
16822429907
03174603175
930638297872
3896103896104
268155369148
756620428752
002
02
2
20
200
306355140187
0380952381
727659574468
5844155844156
65515682053
51702395965
003
03
3
30
300
496884735202
13968253968
592340425532
9090909090909
1287704787961
410256410256
004
04
4
40
400
727102803738
36825396825
403404255319
11688311688312
2525082304899
005
05
5
50
500
1396261682243
12380952381
308936170213
4558812200051
006
06
6
60
600
2510280373832
137142857143
251872340426
5968101328087
007
07
7
70
700
152808510638
008
08
8
80
800
108765957447
009
09
9
90
900
6970212766
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
1 1 1 1 1 1682242990654 479523809524 77553191489 1115584415584 1414299065421 756620428752
2 2 2 2 2 1531775700935 472817460317 121276595745 1075324675325 1386355140187 1034047919294
3 3 3 3 3 1490654205607 447619047619 148085106383 988311688312 1340093457944 820512820513
4 4 4 4 4 1454205607477 394047619048 20170212766 848051948052 1287663551402
5 5 5 5 5 1396261682243 298412698413 23170212766 1221962616822
6 6 6 6 6 1255140186916 288492063492 251872340426 1184392523364
7 7 7 7 7 305617021277
8 8 8 8 8 32629787234
9 9 9 9 9 348510638298
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
Page 45: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Graph par Litre

Na-NiCl2
High Power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High Energy Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
001
01
1
10
100
35294117647
10666666667
2001918005275
803630200671
56260048037
1052631578947
002
02
2
20
200
642745098039
128
1604830975785
12054453010065
1374544701897
71929824561
003
03
3
30
300
1042483660131
46933333333
132162550947
18751371348991
2701655143369
004
04
4
40
400
1525490196078
123733333333
911052505394
24108906020131
5297721698514
005
05
5
50
500
2929411764706
416
699772236874
9564566772655
006
06
6
60
600
5266666666667
4608
573903140734
12521310629515
007
07
7
70
700
350485495085
008
08
8
80
800
250389594821
009
09
9
90
900
161382162551
01
1
10
100
1000
015
15
15
150
1500
02
2
20
200
2000
03
3
30
300
3000
04
4
40
400
4000
05
5
50
500
5000
06
6
60
600
6000
07
7
70
700
7000
08
8
80
800
8000
09
9
90
900
9000
1
10
100
1000
10000
11
11
110
1100
11000
12
12
120
1200
12000
13
13
130
1300
13000
14
14
140
1400
14000
15
15
150
1500
15000
16
16
160
1600
16000
17
17
170
1700
17000
18
18
180
1800
18000
19
19
190
1900
19000
2
20
200
2000
20000
4
40
400
4000
40000

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
1 1 1 1 1 3529411764706 16112 16682650044 2301061141255 2967254901961 1052631578947
2 2 2 2 2 3213725490196 1588666666667 267471829298 2218019353852 290862745098 168
3 3 3 3 3 3127450980392 1504 330406377368 2038541942369 2811568627451
4 4 4 4 4 3050980392157 1324 455526252697 1749235070127 2701568627451
5 5 5 5 5 2929411764706 1002666666667 524829177655 2563725490196
6 6 6 6 6 2633333333333 969333333333 573903140734 2484901960784
7 7 7 7 7 70097099017
8 8 8 8 8 751168784464
9 9 9 9 9 806910812755
10 10 10 10 10
15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400
Page 46: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Donneacutees

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
x C100 C10 C 10C 100C VL41M VL27M VL45E Batterie Plomb DCN Element Plomb DCN Element Plomb HAGEN Element Plomb eacutetanche sunlight ZEBRA
1 001 01 1 10 100 Masse [kg] 107 Masse [kg] 077 Masse [kg] 107 360 eacuteleacutement plombDapregraves DCN doc AVP-126833ind A graphique p10 Spec technique (doc donneacutee par Xavier ITARD pendant Analyse Fonctionnelle) Extrapolation Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg
2 002 02 2 20 200 Volume [L] 051 Volume [L] 037 Volume [L] 051 931 78 757 757
3 003 03 3 30 300 P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] P [W] E [Wh] 728 121 52 1034
4 004 04 4 40 400 287 1513 3000 859 18 1800 MW MWh W Wh - - 592 148 410 821
5 005 05 5 50 500 701 1483 4500 828 328 1639 008 12084 500 30700 - - 403 202 WL WhL
6 006 06 6 60 600 1378 1434 7000 761 532 1595 0096 11915 1000 29000 - - 309 232 1053 1053
7 007 07 7 70 700 2702 1378 9000 653 778 1556 0352 1128 2600 26300 - - 252 252 72 1680
8 008 08 8 80 800 4878 1308 WL WhL 1494 1494 0928 993 8700 20500 - - 153 306
9 009 09 9 90 900 6386 1267 8036 2301 2686 1343 312 752 9600 19200 - - 109 326
10 01 1 10 100 1000 WL WhL 12054 2218 393 88 346 727 - - 70 349
15 015 15 15 150 1500 563 2967 18751 2039 WL WhL 8600m3 252000 kg 239 L 700 kg 7500m3 WL WhL
20 02 2 20 200 2000 1375 2909 24109 1749 35 3529 Wkg Whkg Wkg Whkg 2002 167
30 03 3 30 300 3000 2702 2812 Wkg Whkg 643 3214 03 480 07 439 03 480 1605 267
40 04 4 40 400 4000 5298 2702 3896 1116 1042 3127 04 473 14 414 04 473 1322 330
50 05 5 50 500 5000 9565 2564 5844 1075 1525 3051 14 448 37 376 14 448 911 456
60 06 6 60 600 6000 12521 2485 9091 988 2929 2929 37 394 124 293 37 394 700 525
70 07 7 70 700 7000 Wkg Whkg 11688 848 5267 2633 124 298 137 274 124 298 574 574
80 08 8 80 800 8000 268 1414 7706 1734 137 288 137 288 350 701
90 09 9 90 900 9000 655 1386 Wkg Whkg WL WhL WL WhL WL WhL 250 751
100 1 10 100 1000 10000 1288 1340 17 1682 09 1405 21 1287 11 1611 161 807
110 11 11 110 1100 11000 2525 1288 306 1532 11 1385 42 1216 13 1589
120 12 12 120 1200 12000 4559 1222 497 1491 41 1312 109 1103 47 1504
130 13 13 130 1300 13000 5968 1184 727 1454 108 1155 365 860 124 1324
140 14 14 140 1400 14000 1396 1396 363 874 403 805 416 1003
150 15 15 150 1500 15000 2510 1255 402 845 461 969
160 16 16 160 1600 16000 3673 826
170 17 17 170 1700 17000
180 18 18 180 1800 18000
190 19 19 190 1900 19000
200 2 20 200 2000 20000 AgZn
400 4 40 400 4000 40000 WL WhL
700 170
Wkg Whkg
370 90
Page 47: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Donneacutees

Supercapacitor
Ni-H2
Ni-Cd
Lead-Acid
Lead-Acid for submarines
High Power Li-ion
Medium Range Li-ion
High energy Li-ion
Very-high power Li-ion
AgO-Zn
Ultra-high power Li-ion
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
AgZn
Energy [Whkg]
Power [Wkg]
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
Page 48: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design
Na-NiCl2
High power Li-ion
Supercapacitor
Ni-MH
Ni-Cd
High energy Li-ion
Medium range Li-ion
Standard Lead-Acid
High-energy Lead-Acid (for submarines)
Li-polymer
AgO-Zn
C100
C10
C
10C
100C
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
VL41M
ZEBRA
AgZn
Energy [WhL]
Power [WL]
ATTENTION REMARQUE 1 Si on compare agrave peu pregraves les mecircmes donneacutees du point de vue eacutelectrochimique n ne compare pas les mecircm choses du point de vue de lapplicationPlomb pour sous-marin eacuteleacutement directement utilisable remplissant 50 du volume du compartiment (densiteacute finale environ 90WhL)Zerbra module directement utilisable remplissant une proportion inconnue du compartimentLi-ion eacuteleacutement agrave mettre en modules qui rempliront jusquagrave 80 max du compartiment (densiteacute finale jusquagrave max 140WhL environ)REMARQUE 2 La position relative du Plomb du Plomb pour sous-marin de Zebra et du Li-ion change entre les 2 graphiques car les densiteacutes typiques sont diffeacuterentes - 3kgL pour Pb pour sous-marins - 2kgL pour Pb standard - 2kgL pour le Li-ion (idem mis en module) - 15 kgL pour ZEBRA

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
Page 49: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Saft proprietary information ndash Confidential49

CASE STUDY3

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
Page 50: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Case Study UPS for Data Center

ndash Based on existing Application case of UPS DC Colocation company 5 minute backup time 500kW

o voltage range (minimaxi) 400564 VDC

o temperature range (minmax) 15degC to 35degC (nominal at 25DegC)

o Lifetime expected 15 years end of life criteria 70 of capacity remaining

bull Requirement Extend battery life up to 15 years reduce operating costs (TCO) reduce battery capacity footprint and weight

ndash Technologies being compared Pb-acid (VRLA) and Li-ion (Flexrsquoion)ndash Comparison parameters Footprint mass TCO lifetime

50 SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
Page 51: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Case Study Results

51

A path to savingshellip

500kW 3 MinutesHigh Power

VRLASaft FlexIon

4 506 11Flex46PFeDelta Related Benefits

kWh installed 290 58 5 Energy savings less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge

Footprint (sq Ft) 21 10 2 Improve TCO lower real estate cost other equipement can be installed

Weight (lbs) 13000 2500 5 Improve TCO lower infrastruture cost easy and quicker to maitainCalendar Life 25degC

5 to 7 20 3 12 Improve TCO less replacement over 20 years

Eficiency 83 to 87 96 to 99Energy savings amp Improve TCO less energy consumptions in floating mode and charge les powerenergy installed

Optimal Operating temperature

25C77F20C to 30C68F to 86F

HVAC consumptions savings amp Improve TCO extend the operating temperature of the battery room and save HVAC consumptions and related costs

Maintenance few hours every year

few hours over lifetime

To be evaluated

Recharging time 5 to 7hrs 15hr 4 Improve System availability

Communication To be added IncludedImprove Predictive Maintenance and System availability SOC SOH Alarms and custonized battery information alaready avaialble

Electrochemistry LA Li-IonImprove System availability No sudden deathImprove Environemental footprint CO2 reduction (~40)Improve TCO less maintenance

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
Page 52: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Summary

ndash Up to 8x lighter installed weight compared to lead-acid

ndash Up to 4x smaller Installed footprint compared to VRLA

ndash gt95 roundtrip efficiency

ndash gt5x faster recharge than lead-acid types

ndash gt3500 cycles to 80 Depth-of-Discharge (DoD)

ndash gt20 years float life at room temperature

ndash Modular design integrating cells balancing and management system

ndash Integrated supervision (state-of-chargehealth alarms etc)

ndash Optimised performance for different applications (HPMP)

52

Benefits

SBE Chapter Meeting ndash September 19th 2018

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57
Page 53: WHO IS STACO ENERGY PRODUCTS?...• 120-600VAC, up to 2000kVA • 1% or better Continuous Voltage Regulation • 97-99% Efficient • Flexible Design

Chuck BarryVice President of Sales and Product Management

barrycstacoenergycom(512) 808-8888

  • Slide Number 1
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Are Lithium Ion Batteries Ready for the Data Center Market
  • Agenda
  • Current lead-acid solutions
  • Why are batteries important for critical facilities
  • Slide Number 19
  • Definitions ndash Battery terms
  • Standard UPS Lead Acid Battery Designs
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Technologies
  • Battery Regulations Becoming Stricter
  • Lead Acid Battery
  • Typical Lead Acid Battery Construction
  • Slide Number 30
  • Flywheel Energy Storage System
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Battery BasicsHistory
  • Overview of Battery Types
  • Li-ion Many Flavors
  • Major Lithium Ion Chemistries
  • Cell Formats
  • From Cells to Modules
  • Battery Management System
  • Slide Number 44
  • Li-Ion Systems Scalability
  • Related Standards for Emerging Technologies
  • Slide Number 47
  • Li-Ion Flexibility
  • Case Study
  • Case Study UPS for Data Center
  • Case Study Results
  • Summary
  • Slide Number 57

AR642 60 Amp Pin & Sleeve Recpt 3-W 4-P 250VDC/600vac ...3804 South Street 75964-7263, TX Nacogdoches Phone: 936-569-7941 Fax: 936-560-4685 AR642 60 Amp Pin & Sleeve Recpt 3-W 4-P

> STACO GRATINGS · 34 PROJEKTMANAGEMENT 36 GEPRÜFTE QUALITÄT 38 NACHHALTIGKEIT > INDEX. 4 | GRATING TECHNOLOGY > STACO GRATINGS > STACO Grating technology Staco provides a complete

TENDER DOCUMENT FOR - Indian Institute of Science DOCUMENT FOR SUPPLY, ERECTION, TESTING AND COMMISSIONING 2 No. of 2000KVA, 11KV, DIESEL GENERATOR SETS INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE

High Resistance 600VAC Grounding System · To quote the IEEE® “Greenbook” (IEEE Std, 142-1982): The decision to convert an existing ungrounded system to grounded operation is

Your Power. World-Class Our Passion. Diesel Generators 5-2000kVA ·  · 2017-08-16Diesel Generators 5-2000kVA ... generator allows your home, ... DSE 8610 The DSE 8610 controller

INSTR-026 Rel 120628 Rev 007 Matrix Filter Series D … Series D User’s Manual 600VAC 1 Part No. INSTR-026 REL. 120628 REV. 007 IMPORTANT USER INFORMATION NOTICE The MTE Corporation

Leveringsprogram 2017 - STACO NORDIC A/S · 91201 Limstifter, 6 stk. 8x50 mm, til 10W limpistol 1323140 5707345912016 10 91213 Slibeblok, KORK, 100x58x32 mm 1323394 5707345912139

Staco Wall Panels

MP 152 - Armco Staco€¦ · SOLUCIONES ARMCO STACO PARA DRENAJE Y CANALIZACIONES. MP 152 CIRCULAR MP 152 ARCO Mínima ALTURA DE TAPADA (m) Máxima ( Carretera / Ferrocarril) Carretera

Company: Staco Solutions and Applications

Staco Energy: Corporate Overview

Eaton EPCT Fire...Power Supply The redesigned I/O board is equipped with a full voltage power supply capable of accepting voltage inputs between 200-600VAC three phase, or 240VAC single

CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT - Ticel Bio Park - Home … Volume - 2.doc · Web viewCONDITIONS OF CONTRACT SUPPLY, INSTALLATION, TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF 2000KVA DIESEL GENERATOR SET

AS SD 2 x 2000kVA Prime Rated Diesel Generator Sets Study - 8203... · each set was also supplied with a free standing motorised 3200Amp ACB ... high level with fire rated duct work

Automatic Voltage Regulator - Critical Power Groupcriticalpowergroup.com/downloads/AVR_bro-prod.pdfAutomatic Voltage Regulator The Staco Energy Automatic Voltage Regulator’s unique

OSHPD Special Seismic Certification Preapproval (OSP) · Fuse Holder. Square D. 1,2 Transformer: Controller. JKS-40. 40A, 600VAC. ABC3. 3A, 250VAC, ceramic. AB1FUSE435U6X. ... Switch

KC-007 DATA ENTRY KIT - Staco Systems · CAGE CODE: 12522 DRAWING NO. KC-007 SCD REV. 1.1 SHT. 4 2.0 PRODUCT INFORMATION The KC-007 Data Entry Kit is consisted of the following subassembly

Staco Energy Variac

2000kva Prime

Request for Proposal - Mobitel Supply... · Web viewRequest for Technical & Commercial Proposals for Supply, Installation and Commissioning of 1500kVA or 2000kVA Sound Proof Generator

Rotabloc Diesel Rotary UPS Systems - IEMPS · Flexible Rotary UPS Solutions Rotabloc UPS Energy Storage Unit 400 - 2000kVA (320 – 1600kW) Switchgear low and medium voltage input

STACO AGM NEW FINAL pdf - Staco Insurance Plc › annual_report › STACO_AGM_NEW_FINAL.pdfFifteenth Annual General Meeting of our Company, Staco Insurance Plc., and to present to

OSHPD Special Seismic Certification Preapproval (OSP) · PDF fileJKS 70 Bussmann 600VAC 70A Fuse 2.50 UUT1 JKS 80 Bussmann 600VAC 80A Fuse 2.15 Interpolated JKS 100 Bussmann 600VAC

VOLTAGE REGULATORS & POWER CONDITIONERSinstrumentation-central.com/Staco/AVR/AVRCat.pdf · three phase configuration, each phase has its own variable transformer and buck-boost transformer

Catalog Gratare Staco

Catalog gratare metalice STACO

Company: Intro to Staco

Rotabloc Diesel Rotary UPS Systems€¦ · A Fully Integrated UPS System Rotabloc UPS Energy Storage Unit 400 - 2000kVA (320 – 1600kW) Switchgear low and medium voltage input and

Low-Peak™ LPJ Class J 600Vac/300Vdc, 1-60A, dual element ... · LPJ-1-1⁄4SP LPJ-3-2⁄10SP LPJ-8SP* LPJ-30SP* ... 2 coordinated protection for NEMA ... This bulletin is intended

UA808 Unused 60Hz 3516B Diesel Generator …...Caterpillar 3516B 60HZ 2000kVA Prime Rated 6600 Volt Diesel Generator Scope of supply – Engine - Caterpillar 3516B V16, Turbocharged,

SoftStarter Three-PhaseScrollCompressorSoftStarter … · •Ratedoperationalvoltage:RSBD40:220-400VAC RSBD60:220-600VAC •Over-temperature,Overcurrent,LockedRotorprotection •cULus,CE,RoHScompliant,CCC

Staco Main Variac Catalog

IEC standard, small and medium, rated power 2000kVA, HV 36kV · IEC 60076-3 Temperature rise test IEC 60076-2 Sound level test IEC 600551 Partial discharge test IEC 600270 Specially

INSSP G CAUTION Marechal technology AVISOAVISO Table 1 - Auxiliary Contact Ratings Device 120VAC 240VAC 480VAC 600VAC SP .6A .3A - - Table 3 - WiringTerminal Capacity Main Contacts

TABLETS LAPTOPS - Staco Systems€¢5.5 lbs (with battery) 13.3” - Black Windows 7/8.1/10 Professional • Full HD (1920×1080) LCD with LED B/L, AG Glass, Optical Bonding, Sunlight