WHO IS WOODROW WILSON?(p. 44)

• Southerner who grew up during the Civil War and Reconstruction

• Governor of New Jersey: supported direct primary, worker’s compensation, and regulation of RR and public utilities

• “New Freedom” was his plan to attack what he called the wall of privilege: the trusts, tariffs, and high finance

• Wilson wants to give more rights and freedoms to the common citizen

• Dedicated reformer• President of Princeton University

His Pledge

-to fight the evils of society

-tariffs: lower

-trusts: break-up

-banking: reform, gov’t control

-poverty: decrease wealth gap

-disease: reform healthcare

-corrupt gov’t: reform

Tariff and Taxes

-Wilson addressed Congress in person—1st to do so since Madison’s War of 1812 address

(sets precedent of State of the Union address),

-Underwood Tariff: substantially lowered taxes

-Income tax provision was included to make up for the money lost by lowering the tariffs, taxed individual earnings and corporations

Allowed by 16th Amendment

-soon became main revenue source

Federal Reserve

-Wilson addresses Congress

-gov’t needs to be able to control money supply b/c credit and supply must keep up with economy

-reform would remove control of monetary supply from the banking trusts

-set up system of 12 national banks (private and federally controlled)

-issue new currency, and member banks could be financed to cover customers

-Federal reserve is an essential part of our economy today

Trust Regulation

-FTC, 1914

Federal Trade Commission

“watchdog committee”

-FTC could investigate corporate practices and regulate them if needed

Under Wilson, they issued over 400 cease and desist orders for illegal activity

**Major Anti-trust measure**

Trust Regulation

-Clayton Anti-trust Act, 1914

Sought to strengthen the Sherman Anti Trust Act of 1890

stronger law

protected unions

“Magna Carta of Labor”-Samuel Gompers, AFL

Prohibited corporations from acquiring stock of another company if it would create a monopoly

Suffrage Issue

-one of the Progressive reforms fueled by determined women

-increased activism

-rebirth of national movement under

: -Carrie Chapman Catta leader of the

modern suffrage movement

-some women moved to more militant efforts

-women’s support in WW I eventually guaranteed success

19th amendment—women’s suffrage

Progressive Results

-laissez-faire policy fades: gov’t intervention and regulation, active role of president, gov’t, and citizens

-social reforms help many

-Women have the right to vote, 19th Amendment

-African Americans still ignored: opposed federal anti-lynching laws, Capitol and federal offices resume segregation under Wilson

-World War I takes precedent to end reforms

“Only two years ago you were heralded as perhaps the second Lincoln, and now the Afro-American leaders who supported you are hounded as false leaders and traitors to their race…As equal citizens and by virtue of your public promises we are entitled at your hands to freedom from discrimination, restriction, imputation, and insult in government employ. Have you a ‘new freedom’ for white Americans and a new slavery for you ‘Afro-American fellow citizens’ God forbid!

~address to President Wilson Nov. 12, 1914 by William Monroe Trotter

DATE EVENT PEOPLE DETAILS

1848 Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucrietta

Mott

1. ____________ of Sentiments2. begins ____________________

1896 Homer Plessy 1. Legalized ____________2. stated ________ is ___________.

1902 T. Roosevelt Set precedent for ________ _________________ in strikes

1904 Theodore Roosevelt 1. addition to the __________ doctrine2. US right to intervene in _______________

1904 T. Roosevelt Set precedent for trust-busting

1906 The Jungle Novel that led to reform in the meat packing industry

1906 Meat Inspection Act

President _________________

_________ requirements and federal ______ inspection

1906 Pure Food and Drug Act

President_________________

Called for “______ in ___________”

1908 Women in labor Limited women to only working _______ hours a day

1909 Led to the development of the ________ which aimed for equality

among the races

1912 --------- Direct Election of Senators

1912 Election of 1912 1.2.3.4.

Democrat __________ wins. 75% of vote was for ___________.

1913 Federal Reserve Act

Wilson Set up a system of ______ national banks

1913 Amendment pushed through by Taft,

although ratified after he left office

Provided for an _______________ ____________

1914 Wilson Sought to strengthen the Sherman Anti-trust Act

1914 Investigated violations of corporations and put an end to __________ business practices

1914 _____________ breaks out in

______________

US Gov’t and Citizens “There is no chance of progress…when war is the principal part”

WWI ultimately causes the _____________ era to ______

1919 18th amendment WTCU

1919 Women Allowed women the right to __________