who were the vikings? the vikings were a group of people from a region of northern europe called...
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Who were the Vikings?• The Vikings were a group of
people from a region of Northern Europe called Scandinavia.
• Today, Scandinavia includes the nations of Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, & Iceland.
• During the Middle Ages, people who came from Northern Europe, like the Vikings, were known as Norsemen.
• They were most active during the years 793 AD to 1066 AD
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How did Vikings make a living?• Sailing• Fishing• Raising livestock• Craftwork • Beekeeping• Trade: silver, gold, furs• Raiding
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Why did Vikings go on raids?
1. Increased wealth and trading within Europe
2. Fine treasures in monasteries & churches
3. Political instability in Scandinavia
4. Time of political unrest with frequent warfare among kings, nobles, & would-be kings
5. Over-population (only 3% of Norway’s land is good for farming & grazing)
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How did Vikings travel?• Longboats:
– Long & narrow– Carved prows– Carried 50 men– Bank of oars & a sail– Shallow keel allowed
boats to travel up rivers easily & make inland raids
– Made for quick getaway
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Where did the Vikings travel and settle outside of Scandinavia?• Perhaps the most well-traveled of all
Medieval Europeans
• North Sea, Baltic Sea, North Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea
• Visited & settled lands that would become Russia, Germany, France (Normandy), England, Scotland, Iceland, & Canada
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How do we know about the Vikings?1. runestones: large stones w/inscriptions written
in runes (Northern European alphabet created before the period of Christian conversion)
2. annals or chronicles: histories written by monks whose monasteries were attacked
3. sagas: Vikings’ stories based on oral history (retold from memory). Ex. Vinland Saga
4. archaeology: bone artifacts from Viking settlements (Ex. Viking ship burials)
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Did Vikings travel to America before Christopher Columbus?• The Vikings were the first Europeans to travel to
North America.• A Viking named Eirik the Red discovered
Greenland in 985 after he was exiled from Iceland• Eirik’s son, Leif Eiriksson, was the first European
to reach North America in 1000 AD. • He made several landings, including an area that
he called “Vinland”. • It is thought to be modern-day Newfoundland,
Canada.• The story of this discovery is retold in the Vinland
Sagas.• Evidence has been found of a short-term Viking
settlement in Newfoundland at a site called L’anse aux Meadows.
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Vy govorite po Rossii
• The Swedish Vikings influenced the growth of the early Russian state around Kiev.
• The Slavic people called them “Rus”. They were ruled by Vikings for a long time that the land was named Russia.
The Swedes went beyond the Baltic away from Christian Europe into Russia, Constantinople, an Baghdad.
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What are the modern impacts of the Vikings?
• Days of the week:
– Tyr’s day = the god of war– Woden’s day = the chief god– Thor’s day = god of thunder– Frigga’s day = Woden’s wife