WHY BAMBOO?

ENTERPRENEURSHIP

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE

LIVELIHOOD SECURITY

ENERGY EFFICIENT

SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY

ECOLOGICAL SECURITY

NATURAL GROWING

Ar. S K NegiChief Scientist & Head Development Construction & Extension

BAMBOO AS A BUILDING MATERIAL (at present)

• It is fastest-growing renewable natural building material.

• The material is easily available & eco friendly.

• Bamboo is a viable alternative for steel, concrete and masonry as an independent building material.

• It is cost effective and easy to work.

• It can easily bend giving desired shape and can provide joints to suit the construction.

• Its enormous elasticity makes it a very usefulbuilding material in areas with very high risks of earthquakes.

• Locally available material to some areas, which tries to carry the local tradition & vernacular architecture.

•Scaffolding

•Reinforcement

•Roofing

•Walling•Doors & Windows

BAMBOO RESOURCES IN INDIA

Source : national bamboo mission

➢ India is home to almost 45 % of world's bamboo forests➢ 4.5 M tons annually produced from 8.96 m ha.

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION AREA UNDER BAMBOO PLANTATION

Source : FSI (Forest Survey of India). 2011. India state of forest report. Dehradun, Forest Survey of India. 286p

State Bamboo Growing Area (Sq.Km.)

Bamboo Stock

(Million tons)

Mizoram 9210 10.89

Assam 8213 13.41

Arunachal Pradesh 4590 9.84

Manipur 3692 11.47

Meghalaya 3102 4.41

Tripura 939 0.86

Nagaland 758 3.66

Total 30504 54.53

STATUS OF BAMBOO RESOURCES IN NORTH-EASTERN REGION

Source : FSI (Forest Survey of India). 2010. Manual for national forest inventory of India. 2010. Dehradun, Forest Survey of India. 167p

Structural Group A and Group B Species

Special Grade: 70mm < diameter < 100mGrade I 50mm < diameter < 70mGrade II 30mm < diameter < 50mGrade III Diameter < 30m

Structural Group CSpecial grade I 80mm < diameter < 100m

II 60mm < diameter < 80mIII Diameter < 60m

Taper : shall not be > 5.8 mm/m may be length in any grade.Curvature : max. curvature shall not be >75mm in length of 6m of any grades.Wall thickness: Minimum wall thickness of 8mm for load bearing members.Defects: Dead and immature bamboo, bore/GHOON, holes, decay, collapse, checks more then 3 mm in depth shall be avoided.

c

SEGREGATION OF BAMBOO

Source : FSI (Forest Survey of India). 2011. India state of forest report. Dehradun, Forest Survey of India. 286p

SPECIES OF BAMBOO FOR CONSTRUCTION

Source: CED 13(7702) Structural Design using Bamboo - Code of Practice

INDIAN SPECIFICATIONS FOR BAMBOO & BAMBOO PRODUCTS

• IS 14588:1999 Specification for Bamboo Mat Veneer Composite for General Purposes

• IS 13958: 1994 Specification for Bamboo Mat Board for General Purposes

• IS 1902: 1993 Code of Practice for Preservation of bamboo & Cane for non-structural

• IS 10145 : 1982 Specification for Bamboo Supports for Camouflaging Equipment

• IS 9096 : 1979 Code of Practice for Preservation of Bamboo and Cane for structural

• IS 8242 :1976 Method of Tests for Split Bamboo

• IS 8295 :1976 Specification for Bamboo Chicks ; Part 1 Fine, Part 2 Coarse

• IS 7344 : 1974 Specification for Bamboo Tent Pole

• IS 6874 : 1973 Method of Tests for Round Bamboo

• IS 15476 : 2004 Specification for Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets

COMPARISON- ENERGY REQUIREMENT

Materials Energy for

Production

MJ/Kg

Weight per

Volume

Kg/m3

Energy for

Production

Kg/m3

Concrete 8 2400 1920

Steel 30 7800 234000

Wood 1 600 600

Bamboo .5 600 300

A comparison of the energy requirement for production of various building

materials confirms that bamboo is a material with the lowest embedded, grey and

induced energy requirement.

Source : T. Gutu “A Study on the Mechanical Strength Properties of Bamboo to Enhance Its Diversification on Its Utilization” International Journal

of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering(IJITEE) Volume 2, Issue 5, April 2013 ISSN: 2278-3075

Materials Energy For

production

[joule]

Bamboo House Conventional House

Qty. of

Material

Total

energy

requirement

Qty. of

Materials

Total

[joule]

Concrete 1920 30 70080 175 864000

Steel 234000 .6 140400 3 702000

Wood 600 2 1200 2 1200

Bamboo 300 30 9000 0 000

Total 220680 1567200

COMPARISON-SUSTAINIBILITY

A 1000 sq ft Bamboo House is executed with a two-bedroom house with simple plan with bamboo columns. .A Comparison of the energy requirement [Embodied energy] of this building with a building with the same plan but built with conventional materials is done.

The bamboo house needed 7.1.times less energy than a conventional house

and hence is as many times more sustainable.

Source :Jigar K. Sivalia, Nirav Siddhpura, Chetan Agrawal, Deep Shah, Jai Kapadia , “Study on Bamboo as Reinforcement in Cement Concrete”,

International Journal of Engineering research and Applications, Volume 3, Isuue 2 March- April 2013, ISSN: 22489622

COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES

Properties Bamboo Concrete Steel(0.06% C)

ULTIMATE TENSILE

STRENGTH

335.23 N/mm2 5 N/mm2 540.13 N/mm2

COMPRESSIVE

STRENGTH

79 N/mm2 69 N/mm2 800 N/mm2

DENSITY0.66 g/cm3 2.5 g/cm3 7.9 g/cm3

TENSILE MODULUS20 GPa 48 GPa 58 GPa

EMBODIED ENERGY

1.5 MJ/kg 5-7 MJ/kg 20 MJ/kg

Source : T. Gutu “A Study on the Mechanical Strength Properties of Bamboo to Enhance Its Diversification on Its Utilization” International Journal of Innovative Technology

and Exploring Engineering(IJITEE) Volume 2, Issue 5, April 2013 ISSN: 2278-3075

COMPARISON

BAMBOO CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION

1. Present in abundance naturally Huge cost of inputs for production

2. Highly energy efficient and environment friendly

Creates pollution and depletion of natural resources

3. Reducing the carbon footprints Huge amounts of carbon added to environment

4. Easy construction techniques and cost effective

High cost of production and maintenance

5. Promotes the vernacular architecture More focus on dense concrete jungle

6. Creates local employment and sociological impact

More transportation cost and monotony in construction

Source : self

PRESERVATION

IS9096:2006 : Code of Practice

for preservation of bamboo for structural purpose

Covers : Type of preservations,

Treatment procedure for structural purposes like post, scaffolding, walls, trusses etc.

Bamboo has lower naturaldurability against attack offungi and insects. It requirestreatment to increasedurability difficult to betreated by normalpreservative methods in dryconditions.

Best carried out in green conditions.

▪ Coal Tar Creosote

▪ Copper – chrome - arsenic compositions

▪ Acid- cupric – chromate composition

▪ Copper – chrome- born composition

▪ Boni Acid – boxes

▪ Copper zinc – napthanateAbietates

Preservatives Recommended

Source :“Bamboo Construction Source Book”, by Community Architects Network (CAN), May 2013

PROCESS OF PRESERVATION

IS 401:2001 Code of Practice for Preservation of Timber

1. SURFACE APPLICATION ( BRUSHING, DIPPING)

2. HOT & COLD METHOD

3. BOUCHEIRE PROCESS

5. INTER NODAL INJECTION

4. DIFFUSION PROCESS

Hot & Cold Method. Inter Nodal InjectionBoucheire Process

WALLING PATTERNS OF NORTH EASTERN REGIONS

source : B. K. Pandey, Y.C. Tripathi & P. Hazarika, 2008, “A hand book of propagation, cultivation &

management of bamboo”, Van Vigyan Kendra, Rain Forest Research Institute (ICFRE), Jorhat, Assam.

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF ASSAM

▪ Ikra house, commonly referred to as the

“Assam type house” is common throughout

the Northeast India

▪ These houses are built with light weight locally

available materials like bamboos, wooden

planks, thatch etc.

▪ Such houses have a proper system of

bamboo/wooden beam-column and fulfil the

earthquake safety requirements of

rectangularity and simplicity.

▪ Ikra houses are single-storey structures

consisting of brick or stone masonry walls up

to about 1 m above the plinth.

IKRA HOUSE

Source :Atreya, S.K., Mahapatra, & S. Singh M.K. (2008)

Bioclimatism and vernacular architecture of north-east India.

Building and Environment [Online] [Accessed on 10 September

2015

Mud house

▪ Mud is a mixture of water and some

combination of soil, silt and clay.

▪ The typical plan dimensions of these

buildings are: lengths between 5 and

10 meters, and widths between 3 and

5meters.

▪ The building has 1 to 2 storey(s).

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF ASSAM

Chang house

▪ This house on raised stilts is an age old

structure originating in the Himalayan

ranges.

▪ These houses and the flight of 5-7 stairs

leading to these houses have religious and

social beliefs and practices attached to it.

▪ The house on stilts is a big hall with a central

kitchen for a large joint familySource :Atreya, S.K., Mahapatra, & S. Singh M.K. (2008) Bioclimatism and

vernacular architecture of north-east India. Building and Environment [Online]

[Accessed on 10 September 2015

3/11/2021

ON-GOING BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN CSIR - CBRI,

• A Demonstration house is being

constructed in CSIR-CBRI Campus using

Bamboo as structural material (Beam,

Column, Flooring, Walling, Staricase)

• Total Plan area of House is 55.94 Sq.m

• Various tests ranging from Connection

strength, to life cycle will be performed

on this building

• A performance analysis too will be done

on this building to understand its

behaviour during events such as thermal

comfort, and rainfall effects etc.

DEMONSTRATION HOUSE - BAMBOO

Improved Traditional Joints

• Form joints at or near nodes

• Minimise on holes

• Use seasoned culms

• Reinforce against splitting and

crushing

• Improve durability

3/11/2021

ON-GOING BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN CSIR - CBRI,

3/11/2021

ON-GOING BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN CSIR - CBRI

Godown, Raw Material and Working Shed near Harda (M.P.)

• Plan Area of each shed is

12.5m x 22.5m

• 3 different combinations

have been designed for 3

structures

• Drawings and Estimates have

been submitted for all 3

structures

• Techniques tested at

Bamboo Test House (CBRI

Campus) will be

implemented at Harda

• Each Bamboo carry 2.96 Ton

of Load from 100 mm outer

dia. and 80 mm Inner DIa.

• All Structure are been

analysed in Software

3/11/2021

ON-GOING BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN CSIR - CBRI,

OCTAGONAL TRUSS BAMBOO STRUCTURE - GOWDOWN, HARDA

3/11/2021

ON-GOING BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN CSIR - CBRI,

BAMBOO REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE – RAW MATERIAL SHED, HARDA

• In BRC Structure, we have

provided 14 bamboo as

reinforcement in place of

steel .

• The Column Size is 600 x 500

MM

3/11/2021

ON-GOING BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN CSIR - CBRI,

STRAIGHT COLUMN TYPE STRUCTRE – WORKING SHED

BAMBOO TESTING SYSTEM-TO BE TAKEN BY CBRI

The testing system has been designed to test the bamboo strengthand the loads it can bear to its maximum flexural strength.

PROBLEMS STILL PREVALENT IN BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION

• Sustainability

• Resistance to fire

• Sagging effect

• Gradual change in diameter

• No nailing or drilling of hole

BARRIERS IN BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION

• Limited knowledge of bamboo and lack of expertise to use it

• Lack of knowledge in bamboo detailing

• Lack of management skill in the use of bamboo

• Less durable if not treated for permanent use

• Treated bamboo is expensive

• Competition from other building materials

• Problem of social acceptability (bamboo is considered for the poor)

• Inadequate bamboo processing companies

Source :self

PRECAUTIONS IN BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION

• Poor resistance to fungi and bacteria. It is sensitive to

attack from insects. So it must be treated against

them, otherwise, the material has a very short life.

• No use of green, fresh cut bamboo. Bamboo has to be

completely dry before using it in construction. Air dried

is the best way to dry bamboo

• Bamboo which is less than 3 years of age should not

be used. Only use mature bamboo of 4-6 years.

• Important to use bamboo nodes because it is the

strong point of a bamboo pole. If a bamboo column or

beams do not have a node at both ends, the bamboo

may crush.

Source :self

▪ Bamboo construction technologies well

demonstrated & proven.

▪ Growing interest in bamboo construction from

research community.

▪ Adapting bamboo as material into existing

architectural/ engineering practices crucial for

acceptance and uptake.

▪ Urgent need to develop strength grading

methods for round bamboo + building codes

for engineered bamboo

▪ Bamboo in construction offers opportunities for

local employment and income generation

TODAY’S NEED FOR BAMBOO TO USE AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

Source :self

CHALLENGES AHEAD

• Increasing Durability.

• Developing efficient Jointing system.

• Developing Prefab system.

• Developing composite system to deal with

natural hazards.

• Study of other bamboo which are available but

not used in construction.

• Capacity building of artisans.

Source :self

➢ Scientific and technological inputs are very much desirable in thepresent scenario since bamboo is still being traditionally used without

any engineered design solution.

➢ Formation of a group of esteemed players who have been

researching and working in this field –IITs, CSIR labs and other

structural groups that coherently make a nodal solution regarding

codes, joints and sustainability of bamboo.

➢ Adopting improved bamboo designs and utilising the local craft of

bamboo to make commercial and residential buildings of bamboo

more aesthetically appealing to make its societal acceptance inurban areas.

➢ Besides bamboo, use of other local material like stone ,cane can

provide a good hybrid solution that can increase the sustainability toa much greater extent.

➢ Awareness among the Students and others so that people start

accept Bamboo as a construction material at School & Collage.

CONCLUSIONS

Source :self

THANK YOU