Why child poverty still exists in the welfare state?

1. The amendments of the welfare state

The welfare state can be subscribed as

“a way of living together for some rich industrialized countries, where several basic rights of the citizens will be secured. Especially for one’s material wellbeing and for improving chances for self development”

• European Union distinguishes three different types of welfare states.

- Liberal welfare state- Conservative-corporatist system- The social democratic type

1. Liberal welfare state

• Market dominant• Private insurances are important• Low paid jobs for solving problems• Role social partners is limited• Switserland

2. Conservative-corporatist system

• Developed social secure system per labor category

• Social differences between jobs and the family conditions still exist

• Germany, France, Austria, Italia

3. The social democratic type

• Universal social facilities • Income protection and active policy for the labor

participation

• The welfare state itself

- Employs people

- Gives allowance to people • Denmark, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands

(partly)

2. “The answer”

Introduction

• decades of massive anti-poverty spending

• "Is the one welfare state better than the other one?"

• "Why shouldn't the social-democratic welfare system of Sweden work in the south of Europe?“

Answer (1)

• de social efficiency • bureaucratic organisation form

• its hard steering ability • new problems:

– changes in the structure of the population – a change of mentality – change in the quality of life

Answer (2)

• And The Mattheuseffect

– Robert K. Merton ~ Herman Deleeck

– Merton

advantages and disadvantages are spread unequal among a group

– Deleeck

Paradox

e.g. child benefits

• Merton Deleeck

Comparing the countries

• Portugal problems with drop-outs• Second chance ex. Belgium• School free of charge – no excluding

CountryObl. School Kind. garden? Charged by income?

Elem., free? Highsch. free?

Univ., free? Sep. classes? Aft. sch daycare?

Sweden 16 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Swizerland 16 No Yes No No Yes No

Greece 16/ 18 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes

Bulgaria 15/ 16 No Yes Yes No No Yes

Belgium 16/ 18 Yes Yes No No No Yes

Netherlands 16/ 18 No Yes No No Yes Yes

Portugal 16 No Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Education to reduce child poverty

• Can reduce the children poverty’s rate in Europe• Give a certain guarantee to the children’s

future’s life• Have better chances to find a work with good

conditions• Preventive measure• Take part of the labor market -> in the whole

society• Kindergarten: can detect eventual problem,

socialization• Integration

Intervention proposition

• Kindergarten free (or cheap)• Additional support for children who need help • After school care (elementary level)• Homogeneity in the elementary school• More apprenticeship places• Free high school and subsidize University• Less pupils in each classes (or more teachers)• Improve the access of the school services• Parental guidance• Social marketing

YOUTH HEALTH

Description of the term with emphasis in psychosomatic

problems that girls face

Youth health

• Definition of the term “youth health”• The problems• Factors that influence youth health

• Difference bеtween men and women• Reasons why they are feeling this way• Ideal solution

Social Marketing

Definitions

• an “application of commercial marketing to the solutions of social and health problems”

(Kotler and Zaltman,1971)

• “systematic application of marketing along with other concepts and techniques to achieve specific behavioral goals for a social good. Although 'social marketing' sometimes is defined as it only uses standard commercial marketing practices to achieve non-commercial goals, this definition is an over-simplification”

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_marketing)

Main experiences, related with the social marketing in Portugal, Greece,

Bulgaria, Switzerland, Sweden, the Netherlands and Belgium

• drugs additions, • cancer,• tobacco, • overweight, • HIV, • car accidents,• motivate people to give blood

Themes for applying social marketing:

1.Prevention of AIDS/ HIV

2.Child abuse

3.Integration of immigrants

1.Prevention of AIDS/ HIV

• Educational seminars

• TV advertisement

2.Child abuse

• Making child abuse widely known

• Prevention from happening

3.Integration of immigrants

• More tolerance for the migrants

• Preparing of effective plans