Why Electric ?

Electric Vehicle Myths

Electric Vehicles:

- are a passing fad

- need new batteries every few years

- will bring down the power grid

- have the same net carbon emissions

- have a higher life cycle cost

- catch fire and explode

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Electric Vehicle Advantages

- environmental benefits - no emissions

- low operating cost - typically 15% of the cost

- no oil changes

- 98 % fewer moving parts

- virtually no brake pad replacements

- expected twice the useful life of ICE vehicles

- anti “big oil”

ICE = Internal Combustion Engine3

Electric Vehicle Operating Cost

Current Fuel Expense (at $1.35/litre)

Fuel Cost/litres X 235.215Average miles per gallon

= $Cost/100 km

Electric “Fuel” Expense (at 0.11/kw-hr)

Nissan Leaf = $1.65 / 100 km

Tesla Model S = $2.50 / 100 km

$1.35 X 235.21528.6 miles per gallon

= $11.10 /100 km

Example Honda Civic 2.4L

Kw-hr per 100 km X Hydro Cost

15kw-hr / 100 km X 11 cents/kw-hr

Plus oil changes

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Table Look Up Method

Example:A vehicle getting 25 mpg with a fuel cost of $1.30 /litre would have a fuel cost of $ 12.23 per 100 km

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Electric Vehicle Operating Cost

Internal Combustion Engine - 20% efficient

80% of energy input is lost to heat and friction

Pistons, valvesCamshafts Pumps for oil, water, fuelAlternatorBelts, pulleys, gearsExhaust, mufflers Catalytic converterOver 200 moving parts

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Electric Motor - 80% efficient

Only 20% of energy input is lost to heat and friction

Brushless electric motorReduction gears onlyNo transmission

Only 3 moving parts

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Nissan Leaf Powertrain – Generation 2 (2013+)

Motor

AC/DCInverter

Battery

Frontof Vehicle

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Tesla Model S Powertrain

Frontof VehicleMotor

AC/DCInverter

Battery

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The Generation 2 Leaf Electric Power Assembly

Power Delivery Module (PDM)(no moving parts)

Inverter – converts AC to DC(no moving parts)

Electric Drive (motor)

Reduction drive (gears)

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The Generation 2 Leaf (2013 +) Driver’s Display

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Current BEV alternatives – Canada (1Q 2015)

BMW i3

Mitsubishi i-MiEv

Chevy Spark EV Ford Focus e

Smart ForTwoNissan Leaf

Tesla Model SMercedes B Class ED Kia Soul EV

Source: WWF website13

Source: California PEV Owner Survey 201314

Source: California PEV Owner Survey 2013 15

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BEV sales are increasing exponentially and are tracking total PEV sales

PEV – Plug in Electric Vehicle

BEV Sales

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Summary

Electrically-driven vehicles :

- are proven technology- are great for the environment- are inexpensive to operate- are 80% efficient- have equivalent or better features- have good range - are available from many car companies- are gaining market share