why have you forsaken me? · 2019-11-02 · why have you forsaken me? dying in ecology and...
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Why Have You Forsaken Me?Dying in Ecology and Theology
Local Chapter – BostonThe American Scientific Affiliation
October 29, 2019John R. Wood
“The young lions roar for their prey, seeking their food from God.” - Psalm 104: 21
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What is this ?
Non-Moral Nature
Is it evil?
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What is this ?
Non-Moral Nature
Is it evil?
Hint!
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What is this ?
Non-Moral Nature
Is there death? Yellow Dung Fly
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Professionally …I am an ecologist.
Avocationally … I am a believer.
The Tension
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Death is a powerful influence on our behavior and judgement.
Death Salience (awareness) shapes attitudes, arouses us
to action
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Death is a powerful influence on our behavior and judgement.
Terror Management Theory
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William James (19th Century Philosopher) suggested that death is indeed the worm at
the core of the human condition.
Social Psychology
Empirical Research by Solomon, Greenberg and
Pyszcynski (2015)
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History of Christian thinking on death
… alternately embracing and avoiding
The Church and Ars vivendi The Art of Dying Well
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Insects and the Problem of PainA 19th Century Dilemma
Aphid “Mummy”Ichneumonidae
A Parasitoid
Death and Suffering is not a new issue
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The Darwinian Method has widely been thought to present challenges to a Biblical understanding of God’s creative works
Natural Selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift.
N.S. = Synonym for Death
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1. Starvation 2. Malnutrition 3. Predation4. Parasitic Disease5. Accident 6. Failure to find a mate7. Failure to be born
Biological Endings - Types of DeathColinvaux (1993) Ecology 2
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The Biological Phenomenology of Death
Caenorhabditis elegans
Arrows indicate 3 cells that underwent apoptosis
(PCD)
Role of Programmed Cell Death
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The Vitality of Death PCD – Shapes Organisms
PCD & Lace Plant
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Death and Normal Development
A case of Syndactyly
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The Vitality of Death
PCD
Keystone Species Concept in the rocky intertidal
Robert Paine
Predation and Theories of Community Development
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Programmed Cell Death to the Biosphere
Cells to Atmosphere
Connecting the smallest life forms to biospheric processesPlankton Bloom
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Dilemma of Modern Medicine
For it is my hope and desire that it will contribute to the common good; that through it the higher physicians will somewhat raise their thoughts… that they will become the instruments and dispensers of God’s power and mercy in prolonging and renewing the life of man… Francis Bacon
1638
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The Success of Bacon’s Challenge, the Medicalization of Death and the Demographic and
Existential Outcomes
• Globally, people aged over sixty will triple from 600 million to two billion in 2050
(World Health Organization 2008
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The Success of Bacon’s Challenge, the Medicalization of Death
Life Extension
Is Radical Life
Extension Possible?
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The Success of Bacon’s Challenge, the Medicalization of Death
Is Radical Life
Extension Possible?
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The Success of Bacon’s Challenge, the Medicalization of Death
Is Radical Life
Extension Possible?
Using Stem Cell Therapy
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The Success of Bacon’s Challenge, the Medicalization of Death
Is Radical Life
Extension Possible?
Using Stem Cell Therapy
Exponential rise in
venture capital
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Contrast this with a Traditional View of Death
“Following the lead of Augustine much Christian thought has tended to see death as a result of the fall, as an intrusion in the natural order of things.”
(Nicol – 2011)
“Death is punishment for sin. The first reference to death in the OT (Gen. 2:17), although not without its problems, nevertheless gives the basic orientation for the Biblical understanding of death. Here death is punishment for sin. “
(R.E. Davies - 1975)
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However, now consider what early 20th century
theologians said about physical death
“Ludwig Kohler (1932-33) emphasized that none of the Old Testament books referred back to the story of Adam and
Eve to explain sin and evil”
(Spangenberg 2013)
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Karl Barth (1932)Dietrich Bonnhoffer (1932-33)Emil Brunner (1932-33)Bernard Ramm (1954)Loren Wilkinson (1976)James Barr (1992)
Finitude - “Karl Barth has given the most definitive answer to the question concerning death and human nature. Our finite being, argues Barth, belongs to our original God-given nature and is not the result of sin”.
Theology of Death an Dying. Ray S. Anderson (2001)
A Theological Paradigm Shift on Death?
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Paul Santmire (2000)Ray Anderson (2001)Robert Jensen (2003)Terence E. Fretheim (2005)Katherine Sonderegger (2009)John Walton (2009)John R. Schneider (2010)Gilbert Meilaender (2012)James K. Bruckner (2013)Ronald Osborn (2014)Doug and Jonathan Moo (2018)
Re- addressing Physical Death TodayFrom the Academy to the Pew?
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Death and “The Doctrine of Providence”
“… starting from the conviction that the cosmos and its creatures are ordered by mortality and death... All creatures and the cosmos as a whole are marked out, ranked and structured by natural death. Death is not principally and properly the last enemy. Rather it is the structure and order of creaturely being.”
Katherine Sonderegger (2009) – “The Doctrine of Providence. [“Ordered by Death”]
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Death and “The Fall in the Lost World of Genesis”
“All of this [ecology ] indicates clearly that death did exist in the pre-Fall world …” “Human resistance to death was not the result of immortal bodies. No, the reason we were not subject to death was because theantidote [to our mortality had beenprovided …”
[The tree of Life – Gen. 3]
John Walton (2009) – “The Lost World of Genesis One: Ancient Cosmology and the Origins Debate. [IVP Academic]
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“The curse … does not seem to represent … some sort of mysterious ontological change in the very makeup of creation itself.”
Death is a normal part of the creation
“… the story does not imply that human beings were created immortal.”
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Who’s Hands?
Source - MacLeans Magazine 1990
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Theorizing Deathand
Creation Care
What does a positive view of physical death bring?
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Physical DeathEcological Applications to Creation
Care
1st – Biotic death present from the beginning
Genesis 1
Are fruitfulness and death twins in
Creation?
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1st – Biotic death present from the beginning
2nd – Land is a gift that includes death
Beauty in Senescence and
Death
A Story for Today
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Physical DeathEcological Applications to Creation Care
1st – Biotic death present from the beginning
2nd – Land is a gift that includes death
3rd – Flourishing depends upon endings
The pruning metaphor
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Unlikely Prophets of Our Time
Temple Grandin (2010)
Dead Cow - “Where did it go?
Greta Thunberg (2019)
Climate Disaster - “How dare you?”
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Why, indeed, have you forsaken me?
Descensus Christi ad Inferos, “The descent of Christ into hell"The Chora Church, Istanbul, c. 1315 (public domain)
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What Finishing Well Looks Like
Rev. John Bonham and Grandson Conner Cantelon
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Go now in peacePreaching the good news to
all creation
St Francis of AssisiEmbracing “Sister Death”
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Resources on Physical Death and Dying
CSCA Pamphlet https://www.csca.ca/pamphlets/
PSCF article – the ASA Journal
Wood, JRW (2016)An Ecological Perspective on the Role of Death in Creation.
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