why is so many engeniers among islam radicals

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d i e g o g a m b e t t a a n d s t e f f e n h e r t o g Why are there so many Engineers among Islamic Radicals? Abstract This article demonstr ates that among violent Islamists engineers with a degree, individuals with an engineering education a re three to four times more fr equent than we would expect given the share of engineers among university students in Islamic countries. We then test a number of hypotheses to account for this phenomenon. We argue tha t a combination of two factors – engineers’ rel ati ve deprivation in the Islamic world and mindset – is the most plausible explanation. Keywords: Jih ad; Isl ami sm; Eng ine ers; Pol iti cal violen ce; Educat ion ; Rel ati ve deprivation. Introduction 1 S i n c e t h e e a r l y 19 80 s, numerous authors have mentioned in passing the link between science and engineering and radical Islam. 2 1 We wish to thank Peter Bergen, Ronan Gunaratna, Thomas Heg ghammer, and Swati Pandey for sharing their data with us, and, for their help wi th va ri ous detailed pieces of inf ormati on, Roberto Fra nzo si, Step han e Lacroix, Stev en Lukes, Thomas Pierret, Jo sh Pol lac k, Maria Sobole wska, Vale ria Piz zini-Gambetta , Larry Wright, and several Gulf 2000 listserv members. We are ve ry grat efu l to Becky Kah ane, Jane Rob erts, Nei l Rud isi ll, Mar ina Tzvetkova and Karsten Weke l for the ir in val uab le research assistance, and to Ken MacDonald for his statistical advice. Finally, we are indebted to Micha el Biggs, Anna lisa Cristi ni, Jon Elster , Nils Petter Gledi tsch, Elisabeth Ivars flaten, Eka teri na Hert og , Elisabeth Longuenesse, Ri ck Ludkin, Ti ziana Nazio, John Owen , And rea Pat acc oni , Roger Pet ersen, Vale ria Pi zzi ni -Gambet ta , Tom Snijders, Anna Zi md ars , and pa rt icipan ts in the CSCW Workshop on The Role of First Actors in civil war , held at PRIO, Osl o, on 17-18 August 2006, as wel l as par ticipants at the Nuffield College Sociology Seminar and the Princeton Department for Near Eastern Studies’ seminar series, for comments on earlier drafts. 2 Bergen and Pandey 2006; Hoffman 1995; Hunti ngt on 1996, p . 112; Ibrahim 1980; Roy 1990; Sageman 2004, p. 76; Schul ze 1990, p . 22; Wickham 2002 , p. 1; Wright 2006, p . 301. 201 Diego Gambetta, Nuffield College, University of Oxford [diego.gambetta@nuffield. ox.ac. uk] and Ste ffen Hertog , Chaire Moy en Ori ent -M editerran ee, Sciences Po, Paris [[email protected]]. Arch.europ.sociol., L, 2 (2009), pp . 201 – 230 — 0003-9756/09/0000-900$07.50per art + $0.10 per pag eÓ2009 A.E.S.

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