why is the earth habitable? · importance of silicate weathering co 2 outgassing greenhouse warming...
TRANSCRIPT
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WhyistheEarthhabitable?
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15°C
-55°C
460°C
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Anthropicprinciple
“We’reherebecauseweare…”
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TheGaiaTheory
JamesLovelockLynnMargulis
“Lifeispartofaself-regula@ngsystem,manipula@ngthephysicalandchemicalenvironmenttomaintaintheplanetasasuitablehomeforlifeitself.”
“GaiacannotarisefromDarwinianevolu@onoflife—theplanetasawholeisnotaunitofselec@on.”
RichardDawkins
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SnowballEarth
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Jaffresetal.,2007
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Carbon
Berner,1999,GSAToday
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WeatheringandCO2Carbonateweathering:Rockatmos.Riversoceansatmos.
CaCO3+CO2+H2O=>Ca2++2HCO3-=>CaCO3+CO2+H2O
Silicateweathering:Rockatmos.Oceansatmos.
(Ca,Mg)SiO3+2CO2+2H2O=>(Ca,Mg)CO3+SiO2+CO2+2H2OSilicateweatheringburiescarbonascalciteordolomite
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Do we need a feedback cycle?
BernerandCaldiera,1997 CO2 outgassing
Greenhouse warming
Increased chemical weathering
Increased CO2 burial
Cooling
Temperature feedback model
e.g. Walker et al., 1981
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ClimateacrossEarthhistory
Hessler,2011,NatureEduca@on
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Past CO2
Zachosetal.,2008
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Tectonics
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Importance of silicate weathering
CO2 outgassing
Greenhouse warming
Increased chemical weathering
Increased CO2 burial
Cooling Uplift
Increased physical erosion
Increased weathering and CO2 burial
Cooling
Temperature feedback model Mountain uplift model
e.g. Walker et al., 1981 e.g. Raymo et al., 1988, Raymo & Ruddiman, 1992
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BeachyHead,EastSussex
δ13C
OceanicAnoxicEvents
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0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10
Time(M
a)
Norm.δ7Li
Post-Marinoan
OAE2
PETM
Hirnan@an
Timingofweatheringcontroloverclimate
50ka
250ka(4xincrease)280ka(1.5–2xincrease)
509ka(2xdecrease)
Colbou
rneetal.,2015
Sund
quist,1991
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Oxygen
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Why assume steady state?
BernerandCaldiera,1997
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Temperaturefeedbackmodel
e.g.Walkeretal.,1981
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Cenozoicseawaterδ7Li
Misra&Froelich,2012,Science
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