why isn't gender just about impact?

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Why isn’t “gender” just about impact? Jacqueline Ashby, Senior Advisor, CGIAR Consortium. Transformational gender approaches in legume research and development Sustainable Grain Legume Systems for Food, Income and Nutritional Security in a Rapidly Changing Climate. 2 March, 2016

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Page 1: Why isn't gender just about impact?

Why isn’t “gender” just about impact?

Jacqueline Ashby, Senior Advisor, CGIAR Consortium.

Transformational gender approaches in legume research and development

Sustainable Grain Legume Systems for Food, Income and Nutritional Security in a Rapidly Changing Climate.

2 March, 2016

Page 2: Why isn't gender just about impact?

Attention to gender is concentrated in the late stages of product development: e.g. breeding cycle

End User Profiling

Preference Capture and Trait Discovery

Phenotyping Method DevelopmentPopulation Screening/

Material selection

End User Testing

Value Chain & Market Development

GENDER ANALYSIS ProductAdoption and Impact

KNOWLEDGE GAP

Page 3: Why isn't gender just about impact?

KNOWLEDGE GAPWe still lack a comprehensive picture of gender-differentiated preferences for varietal traits and their relative importance

Case studies of localized preferences: what are widespread preferences versus cultural- or location-specific ones?

Lists of gender-differentiated preferences: • Likely impact? E.g. what is the likely impact

on welfare of labor saved by a faster cooking bean?

• Relative importance? • How do male or female users make trade-

offs between preferred traits?• Priorities?

Page 4: Why isn't gender just about impact?

BACKGROUND TO THE KNOWLEDGE GAP :Revolution in Future Breeding and Biotech Innovation

ABI 3730

• Roche 454• Illumina• SOLiD (Life

Technologies)

• Helicos• Pacific

Biosciences

• Roche 454• Illumina• SOLiD (Life

Technologies)• Helicos• Pacific Biosciences•Oxford Nanopore (Illumina)•Ion Torrent

.01 Corn genome equivalents per

year

0.2 - 0.4 Corn genome equivalents

per day

2001-2007 2007-2014 2014-2020

Explosion of

new options

.01 Corn genome equivalents per

year

.01 Corn genome equivalents per

year

.01 Corn genome equivalents per

year

0.2 - 0.4 Corn genome equivalents

per day.01 Corn genome equivalents per

year

.01 Corn genome equivalents per

year

Hundreds of thousands of

genes per year Thousands of

genes per year

Rate of novel gene & allele discovery

Genome per decade

Genome peryear

>100 genomesper day

Genome perday

Rate of crop genome sequence production

Millions of genes per year

Tens of millions of genes per

year

Greater Yield Gains

Page 5: Why isn't gender just about impact?

Genes provide the foundation of new products for farmers: but what are the priority, most gender-responsive products?

Expanding opportunities to target products more precisely to increase gender

relevance

Quality – taste, texture, cooking time etc.

Storage

YieldTolerance to drought

Flowering time?

Low soil P tolerance?

High sugar content?

Genes Protein Trait Product

Page 6: Why isn't gender just about impact?

Diversity- Male and female preferences

overlap- Women with different resource

endowments don’t have the same preferences

Only differentiating women’s preferences from men’s is misleading

Private enterprise confronts the diversity challenge by prioritizing market segments (customers), profiling and targeting them

Joint

Page 7: Why isn't gender just about impact?

InequalityGender inequality makes poverty worse.

Technology choice is constrained by who controls resources

e.g who controls the use of time freed up by labor-saving innovations ?

Joint

Page 8: Why isn't gender just about impact?

Gaining more control over resources:e.g. co-development of products with men and women end users, Honduras case

Participatory plant breeding (PPB) and varietal selection (PVS)• Can enhance women’s status and control over resources

• Enables end-users to contribute actively to early stages of product development

• This speeds up adoption• And contributes to empowerment

Page 9: Why isn't gender just about impact?

Influential feedback from gender analysis to the early stages of product development requires harmonization of methods and approach

Adoption and Marketing Surveys: share standard modules for collecting sex-disaggregated data so these data can be pooled for end-user profiling

Harmonize PVS and PPB approaches to inform preference capture: ensure data are easy to compare or pool.

Ex-ante impact analysis, choice experiments: estimate likely pay-off to different traits; inform prioritization

Page 10: Why isn't gender just about impact?

Opportunities for social & gender analysis

End User Profiling

Preference Capture and Trait Discovery

Phenotyping Method DevelopmentPopulation Screening/

Material selection

End User Testing

Value Chain & Market Development

GENDER ANALYSIS ProductAdoption and Impact

GENDER ANALYSIS: