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Page 1: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance
Page 2: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Why People Take Part in Sport

Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Page 3: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

MOTIVATION

Motivation is the stimuli, which arouse and direct behaviour and/or Internal and External factors that make us want to perform

Page 4: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Why is Motivation in Sport Important?

Helps us understand why some sports performers make substantial sacrifices to become successful

Helps us understand why certain sports performers are more successful than others

Ensures Maximum effort at the most appropriate time

Page 5: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Why is Motivation in Sport Important? - Continued

Ensures continued enjoyment and participation in exercise

Encourages sedentary people to take up sport and exercise!

It is generally accepted that you need to be motivated to achieve your goals

Page 6: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Why do you play sport?

Write down the reasons to why you have played sport?

Page 7: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Motivation depends upon:

Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation Arousal Level Need to avoid failure Need to achieve

What could these be?

Page 8: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Intrinsic Motivation

An intrinsically motivated person is:

Someone who takes part in sport for enjoyment. They judge success on the amount of effort exerted in the task and by how much they improve

In what sporting situations would you find people participating for intrinsic reasons?

Page 9: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Extrinsic Motivation

An extrinsically motivated person is:

Someone who participates for external rewards including:

Trophies Medals Money Prizes

Page 10: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Effects of Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivation on Performance Introducing extrinsic rewards leads to a

reduction in intrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation will decrease when an

external reward is perceived to be the primary reason for participation

If a reward increases an individual’s feelings of competence and self-worth, then Intrinsic motivation increases

In Professional sport motivation to win in nearly all cases would be a mixture of both Intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Page 11: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Arousal Level

Arousal is the intensity of our motivation – there is an ideal level of motivation for any sport. This ideal level of intensity will differ between sports.

However, if we are too motivated or not motivated enough in a sport we are less likely to be successful.

Page 12: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Drive Theory

Drive theory suggests that the higher the arousal level in a performer the greater the level of their performance. For example a top-class tennis player will perform better in front of a large crowd.

Perform

ance

Arousal

Page 13: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Drive Reduction Theory

Page 14: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Drive Reduction Theory

When the learning goal has been achieved, the desire to continue with the same task decreases.

The initial drive to learn is strong, but once the skill has been learned the drive is reduced and the performance of the skill will decline

Therefore the drive to learn should be maintained, by setting goals/targets, providing rewards, making practices fun!!

Page 15: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

The Inverted U Theory

Original Theory: Optimum performance occurs at a moderate arousal level.

Modified theory: Position of optimum arousal depends upon:

Type of Activity Skill level of performer Personality of performer

      

 

Perform

ance

Arousal

Page 16: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Where does each sport fit in?

3 Inverted U graph       

 

 

 

A B C   

 

Perform

ance

Arousal

Page 17: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Catastrophe Theory

Here performances increases as arousal increases but when arousal gets too high, performance dramatically decreases. This is usually caused by the performer becoming anxious.

Perform

ance

Arousal

Page 18: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

This is a system within the brain which controls arousal

Extroverts have lower levels of intrinsic arousal than introverts – therefore extroverts seek situations of high arousal and introverts seek low arousal situations

As a general rule which sports would extroverts and introverts tend to play?

Page 19: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Extroverts Vs Introverts

Football Rugby Swimming Tennis Shot Putt Snooker Hockey Badminton

Marathon Runner Netball Chess

Extroverted Sports

Introverted Sports

Page 20: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Competition Time

Shooting Competition:-

Aim to score as many points as possible with three

shots, you can shoot from a distance and score 3

points, or close and score 1 point.

Page 21: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

NAch Vs NAF

Need to Achieve This personality type likes

a challenge and likes feedback. They are not afraid of failure and have a high task persistence.

Need to Avoid Failure This personality type

avoids challenges, often gives up and does not want feedback

A rockclimber with a high NAF would choose the easiest way up a mountain but a rockclimber with a high Nach would choose a harder route to gain maximum satisfaction

Page 22: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Conclusion

What different things motivate a performer? Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Arousal Level NAch and NAF

What system controls arousal level? RAS

Page 23: Why People Take Part in Sport Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance

Conclusion - continued

Arousal level depends on: The level they play at Type of activity Personality of the performer

Motivation is very important in determining

whether a performer is successful or not, why is

this true?