why people take part in sport lesson objective: to understand the effects of motivation on...
TRANSCRIPT
Why People Take Part in Sport
Lesson Objective: To understand the effects of motivation on performance
MOTIVATION
Motivation is the stimuli, which arouse and direct behaviour and/or Internal and External factors that make us want to perform
Why is Motivation in Sport Important?
Helps us understand why some sports performers make substantial sacrifices to become successful
Helps us understand why certain sports performers are more successful than others
Ensures Maximum effort at the most appropriate time
Why is Motivation in Sport Important? - Continued
Ensures continued enjoyment and participation in exercise
Encourages sedentary people to take up sport and exercise!
It is generally accepted that you need to be motivated to achieve your goals
Why do you play sport?
Write down the reasons to why you have played sport?
Motivation depends upon:
Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation Arousal Level Need to avoid failure Need to achieve
What could these be?
Intrinsic Motivation
An intrinsically motivated person is:
Someone who takes part in sport for enjoyment. They judge success on the amount of effort exerted in the task and by how much they improve
In what sporting situations would you find people participating for intrinsic reasons?
Extrinsic Motivation
An extrinsically motivated person is:
Someone who participates for external rewards including:
Trophies Medals Money Prizes
Effects of Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivation on Performance Introducing extrinsic rewards leads to a
reduction in intrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation will decrease when an
external reward is perceived to be the primary reason for participation
If a reward increases an individual’s feelings of competence and self-worth, then Intrinsic motivation increases
In Professional sport motivation to win in nearly all cases would be a mixture of both Intrinsic and extrinsic factors
Arousal Level
Arousal is the intensity of our motivation – there is an ideal level of motivation for any sport. This ideal level of intensity will differ between sports.
However, if we are too motivated or not motivated enough in a sport we are less likely to be successful.
Drive Theory
Drive theory suggests that the higher the arousal level in a performer the greater the level of their performance. For example a top-class tennis player will perform better in front of a large crowd.
Perform
ance
Arousal
Drive Reduction Theory
Drive Reduction Theory
When the learning goal has been achieved, the desire to continue with the same task decreases.
The initial drive to learn is strong, but once the skill has been learned the drive is reduced and the performance of the skill will decline
Therefore the drive to learn should be maintained, by setting goals/targets, providing rewards, making practices fun!!
The Inverted U Theory
Original Theory: Optimum performance occurs at a moderate arousal level.
Modified theory: Position of optimum arousal depends upon:
Type of Activity Skill level of performer Personality of performer
Perform
ance
Arousal
Where does each sport fit in?
3 Inverted U graph
A B C
Perform
ance
Arousal
Catastrophe Theory
Here performances increases as arousal increases but when arousal gets too high, performance dramatically decreases. This is usually caused by the performer becoming anxious.
Perform
ance
Arousal
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
This is a system within the brain which controls arousal
Extroverts have lower levels of intrinsic arousal than introverts – therefore extroverts seek situations of high arousal and introverts seek low arousal situations
As a general rule which sports would extroverts and introverts tend to play?
Extroverts Vs Introverts
Football Rugby Swimming Tennis Shot Putt Snooker Hockey Badminton
Marathon Runner Netball Chess
Extroverted Sports
Introverted Sports
Competition Time
Shooting Competition:-
Aim to score as many points as possible with three
shots, you can shoot from a distance and score 3
points, or close and score 1 point.
NAch Vs NAF
Need to Achieve This personality type likes
a challenge and likes feedback. They are not afraid of failure and have a high task persistence.
Need to Avoid Failure This personality type
avoids challenges, often gives up and does not want feedback
A rockclimber with a high NAF would choose the easiest way up a mountain but a rockclimber with a high Nach would choose a harder route to gain maximum satisfaction
Conclusion
What different things motivate a performer? Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Arousal Level NAch and NAF
What system controls arousal level? RAS
Conclusion - continued
Arousal level depends on: The level they play at Type of activity Personality of the performer
Motivation is very important in determining
whether a performer is successful or not, why is
this true?