widyatama.lecture.applied networking.iv week01 mobile networking
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Applied Networking-IV (2231114)
Lecture Week-1
Mobile Networking Part-1
MobileMonkey1m00
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Lecture byLecture by:: Djadja.SardjanaDjadja.Sardjana, S.T., M.M., S.T., M.M.
www.slideshare.net/djadjawww.slideshare.net/djadja
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Wireless & Cellular PlatformWireless & Cellular Platform
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TelecomHistory1m01
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Wireless & Cellular BasicWireless & Cellular Basic
Downlink
UplinkHandoff
Multiple Access
Cells DifferentFrequencies or
Codes
Mobile Station
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Multiple Sites Handle Mobile UsersMultiple Sites Handle Mobile Users
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Frequency PlanningFrequency Planning
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Frequency ReuseFrequency Reuse
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MultipleMultiple Access MethodsAccess MethodsFrequency
TDMA: TimeDivision Multiple
CDMA: CodeDivision Multiple
FDMA: FrequencyDivision Multiple
Access
Time
Codes
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Wi l t i fWi l t i f
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Wireless systems: overview ofWireless systems: overview of
the developmentthe developmentcellular phones satellites wireless LANcordlessphones
1982:1981:
NMT 450
1980:CT0
1992:GSM
1994:
1987:CT1+
Inmarsat-A
1992:Inmarsat-BInmarsat-M
1989:CT 2
1991:DECT 199x:
proprietary
1997:IEEE 802.11
1988:Inmarsat-C
1991:D-AMPS
1991:CDMA
1986:NMT 900
1984:CT1
1983:AMPS
1993:PDC
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2001:IMT-2000
1998:
Iridium1999:
802.11b, Bluetooth
analogue
digital
2000:GPRS
2000:IEEE 802.11a
200?:
Fourth Generation(eg. WIMAX, LTE )
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SYSTEM EVOLUTION SCENARIOSYSTEM EVOLUTION SCENARIO
10001000
1st Generation
Analog voice
2nd Generation
Digital voice &
Low rate data
3rd Generation
WLAN++
Generation
(Cellular)
4th Generation
ALL-IP Broadband
Ubiquitous & SeamlessVoice & High speed
data
Multimedia
Maximum
transmissi
Maximum
transmissi
Maximum
transmissi
Maximum
transmissi
Maximum
transmissi
Maximum
transmissi
Maximum
transmissi
Maximum
transmissi
100100
10103G+
HSDPA,cdma2000(3X), etc.
4GWLAN
802.11a,HiSWANa,
HIPRELAN2, etc.
UWB, etc.
WLAN+802.11n, etc.
Nomadic
WiMAX
n
on
on
n
n
on
on
nrate
rate
rate
rate
rate
rate
rate
rate
YearYear
11
0.10.1
0.010.0120002000 20052005 20102010 2015201519901990
2G+PDC,GSM,PHS, etc.
2GPDC,GSM,PHS, etc.
W-CDMA,Cdma2000, etc.
19951995
Bluetooth, etc.
Mobile
Local
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Wireless StandardsWireless Standards
SensorsIEEE 802.15.4(Zigbee Alliance) RFID(AutoID Center)
RAN
WAN
MANIEEE 802.16d
WiMAXETSI HiperMAN &
HIPERACCESS
IEEE 802.20IEEE 802.16e
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS)3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000)
GSMA, OMA
IEEE 802.22
IEEE 802.15.3UWB, Bluetooth
Wi-Media,BTSIG, MBOA
LAN
PAN ETSIHiperPAN
IEEE 802.11Wi-Fi Alliance
ETSI-BRANHiperLAN2
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Wireless networks inWireless networks in
comparison to fixed networkscomparison to fixed networks
Restrictive regulations of frequenciesRestrictive regulations of frequencies
Low transmission ratesLow transmission rates
Higher delays, higher jitterHigher delays, higher jitter
Lower security, simpler active attackingLower security, simpler active attacking
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Always shared mediumAlways shared medium
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What is GlobalWhat is Global System for MobileSystem for Mobile
communications (GSM)communications (GSM) 900/1800 MHz band (US: 850/1900 MHz)900/1800 MHz band (US: 850/1900 MHz)
Uplink: 890Uplink: 890--915915
Downlink: 935Downlink: 935--960960
25 MHz bandwidth25 MHz bandwidth -- 124 carrier frequency channels,124 carrier frequency channels,spaced 200KHz apartspaced 200KHz apart
Time Division Multi lexin for 8 full rate s eech channelsTime Division Multi lexin for 8 full rate s eech channels
per frequency channel.per frequency channel. Circuit Switched Data with data rate of 9.6 kbpsCircuit Switched Data with data rate of 9.6 kbps
Handset transmission power limited to 2 W inHandset transmission power limited to 2 W in
GSM850/900 and 1 W in GSM1800/1900.GSM850/900 and 1 W in GSM1800/1900.22--FebFeb--1010 1212Widyatama UniversityWidyatama University--InformaticsInformatics
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GSM ArchitectureGSM Architecture
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What is UMTSWhat is UMTS and 3Gand 3G
(WCDMA & HSPA)(WCDMA & HSPA) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) -- WCDMAWCDMA
as the underlying interfaceas the underlying interface
rates per user 384kbps)rates per user 384kbps) Frequency bandsFrequency bands
18851885--2025 Mhz (uplink), 21102025 Mhz (uplink), 2110--2200 Mhz (downlink)2200 Mhz (downlink) US: 1710US: 1710--1755 MHz and 21101755 MHz and 2110--2155 MHz2155 MHz
WW--CDMA has 5 Mhz wide radio channels (CDMA2000 transmits onCDMA has 5 Mhz wide radio channels (CDMA2000 transmits onone or several pairs of 1.25 Mhz radio channels).one or several pairs of 1.25 Mhz radio channels).
HSDPA allows networks based on UMTS to have higher data ratesHSDPA allows networks based on UMTS to have higher data rates1.8. 3.6 7.2 14.4 Mb s via AMC and HARQ fast acket1.8. 3.6 7.2 14.4 Mb s via AMC and HARQ fast acket
scheduling.scheduling. UMTS air interface forms Generic Radio Access Network (GeRAN)UMTS air interface forms Generic Radio Access Network (GeRAN)
which can be connected to various backbone networks like thewhich can be connected to various backbone networks like theInternet, ISDN, GSM or UMTS.Internet, ISDN, GSM or UMTS.
Using PCMCIA or USB card, or cellular router customers are able toUsing PCMCIA or USB card, or cellular router customers are able to
access 3G broadband servicesaccess 3G broadband services
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UMTS ArchitectureUMTS Architecture
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What isWhat is WiMAXWiMAX??
A Wireless TechnologyA Wireless Technology optimisedoptimisedfor the delivery of IP Centricfor the delivery of IP CentricServicesServices
Over the Wide AreaOver the Wide Area A Certification that denotesA Certification that denotes
Interoperability of equipment builtInteroperability of equipment builtto the IEEE 802.16 or compatibleto the IEEE 802.16 or compatiblestandard.standard.
AA ScalableScalable Wireless platform forWireless platform for
complementary Broadbandcomplementary BroadbandNetworks.Networks.
Low Cost and RiskLow Cost and Risk--FreeFree
Broadband Wireless SolutionsBroadband Wireless Solutionsfrom Multiple Vendorsfrom Multiple Vendors22--FebFeb--1010 1616Widyatama UniversityWidyatama University--InformaticsInformatics
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IEEE 802.16* STANDARDIEEE 802.16* STANDARD802.16-2004 (rev d) 802.16e
Completed 802.16- 2004: July 2004 mid 2005
Spectrum
< z
Licensed & Unlicensed
< z < z prac ca
Licensed (& Unlicensed)
User modelFixed
Receiver: fixed
Pedestrian Mobility > Vehicular mobility
Receiver: in the notebook
Channel Conditions Non Line of Sight
Peak Raw data rateUp to 75 Mbps with 20MHz channels
4-18 Mbps in 5 MHz channels
Up to 75 Mbps with 20MHz channels
Full mobility:
80% erformance of fixed usa e model
Channel Bandwidth Flexible channel bandwidths between 1.25 and 20 MHz
Range at 2.5 GHz
(typical cell)
2 to 10 km semi-rural
2 to 5 km urban/suburban
(frequency dependent significantly better
for 700MHz)Max range 35 km at 700 MHz
Nomadic/Mobile
Urban/Suburban/Semi-rural
1 5 km (indoor)
2 7 km (outdoor)
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WiMAXWiMAX Perception & RealityPerception & Reality
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The WiMAX RoadmapThe WiMAX Roadmap20042004 Going ForwardGoing Forward
Fixed Outdoor Fixed Indoor
Solution Characteristics
CPE Native in Mobile PC
User can roam within theservice area at varyingspeeds
Applications
Mobile Broadbandaccess for consumers
Solution Characteristics
Fixed location
Installed outside ofsubscribers house
Requires truck roll
Applications
E1/T1 Level Service forEnterprises
Solution Characteristics
Consumer self install,auto provisioning
Portable can moveCPE to another location
in service area
Applications
Last Mile Broadbandaccess for consumers
1919
ways est onnecte
(SNS)
Backhaul for Hotspots
Fractional E1/T1 for SMB Limited residential
broadband access(early adopters, rural,developing countries)
Portable broadband
access
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Wi l N t k E tWi l N t k E t
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Wireless Network EcosystemWireless Network Ecosystem
IMS
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NGNNGN: Beyond 3G: Beyond 3G
Video telephony and multimedia conferencing, IM, videoVideo telephony and multimedia conferencing, IM, videostreaminstreamin amon hi h drivers foramon hi h drivers for NGNNGN
Essential System recommendationsEssential System recommendations Seamless mobility across all bearers with service continuitySeamless mobility across all bearers with service continuity
through a min of 120 km/hthrough a min of 120 km/h
Peak uplink data rates 30Peak uplink data rates 30--50 Mbps50 Mbps
Peak > 100Mbps downlinkPeak > 100Mbps downlink
Latency core < 10ms, RAN
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ConvergenceConvergence
Heterogeneous access technologiesHeterogeneous access technologies
--
Dual mode phones (Dual mode phones (WiFiWiFi, 2.5/3G), UMA, 2.5/3G), UMA
Heterogeneous ServicesHeterogeneous Services
Cellular Internet access and Internet basedCellular Internet access and Internet basedvoice/video accessvoice/video access
Time variant heterogeneous network characteristicsTime variant heterogeneous network characteristics
Heterogeneous applications with different utilitiesHeterogeneous applications with different utilities
System design and networking challengesSystem design and networking challenges22--FebFeb--1010 2727Widyatama UniversityWidyatama University--InformaticsInformatics
Network TransformationNetwork Transformation
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Fixed Core
Fixed
Access
Aggregation
Network TransformationNetwork TransformationMobile CS Core
Mobile
Access
Mobile PS CoreIP Core
Transport
Fixed Network
Converged Network
Operation and Business Support Systems
Mobile NetworkData Network
- Service Core andand Aggregation
Applications
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Mobile ApplicationMobile Application
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Application Characteristic (1)Application Characteristic (1)
Voice Data
PacketSwitched
Controlled Semi-Organic
Technology
Evolution
Circuit Switched Analog
Circuit Switched Digital
C.S. Voice + P.S. Data
Good PoorMobility
Support
New ServicesOperator initiated orpartnered
Third party/independent (largely)
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Application Characteristic (2)Application Characteristic (2)
Voice Data
Informationrates forsupportingservices
Low Relatively high
ost y a sent(Poor)
Cost HigherLower
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Market Sectors for Wireless ApplicationsMarket Sectors for Wireless Applications
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Market Sectors for Wireless ApplicationsMarket Sectors for Wireless Applications
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ApplicationsApplications--11
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ApplicationsApplications 11
VehiclesVehicles transmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DABtransmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DAB
personal communication using GSMpersonal communication using GSM
pos t on v apos t on v a local adlocal ad--hoc network with vehicles closehoc network with vehicles close--by to prevent accidents,by to prevent accidents,
guidance system, redundancyguidance system, redundancy
vehicle data (e.g., from busses, highvehicle data (e.g., from busses, high--speed trains) can bespeed trains) can be
transmitted in advance for maintenancetransmitted in advance for maintenance EmergenciesEmergencies
earl transmission of atient data to the hos ital, current status,earl transmission of atient data to the hos ital, current status,first diagnosisfirst diagnosis
replacement of a fixed infrastructure in case of earthquakes,replacement of a fixed infrastructure in case of earthquakes,hurricanes, fire etc.hurricanes, fire etc.
crisis, war, ...crisis, war, ...
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ApplicationsApplications 22
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ApplicationsApplications--22
Travelling salesmenTravelling salesmen
direct access to customer files stored in a central locationdirect access to customer files stored in a central location
mobile officemobile office
Replacement of fixed networksReplacement of fixed networks
remote sensors, e.g., weather, earth activitiesremote sensors, e.g., weather, earth activities
flexibility for trade showsflexibility for trade shows LANs in historic buildingsLANs in historic buildings
Entertainment, education, ...Entertainment, education, ...
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intelligent travel guide with upintelligent travel guide with up--toto--datedatelocation dependent informationlocation dependent information
adad--hoc networks forhoc networks formulti user gamesmulti user games
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Typical application: road trafficTypical application: road traffic
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Typical application: road trafficTypical application: road traffic
UMTS, WLAN,DAB, DVB, GSM,cdma2000, TETRA, ...
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Personal Travel Assistant,PDA, Laptop,GSM, UMTS, WLAN,Bluetooth, ...
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Mobile and wireless servicesMobile and wireless services
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Always Best ConnectedAlways Best ConnectedLAN100 Mbit/s,WLAN54 Mbit/s
UMTS, GSM115 kbit/sGSM/GPRS 53 kbit/s
Bluetooth 500 kbit/sDSL/ WLAN3 Mbit/s
UMTS2 Mbit/s
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UMTS, GSM384 kbit/s
GSM 115 kbit/s,
WLAN 11 Mbit/s
GSM/EDGE 384 kbit/s,DSL/WLAN 3 Mbit/s
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Location dependent servicesLocation dependent services
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Location dependent servicesLocation dependent services
Location aware servicesLocation aware services
what services, e.g., printer, fax, phone, server etc. exist in the localwhat services, e.g., printer, fax, phone, server etc. exist in the local
FollowFollow--on serviceson services automatic callautomatic call--forwarding, transmission of the actual workspace to theforwarding, transmission of the actual workspace to the
current locationcurrent location
Information servicesInformation services
push: e.g., current special offers in the supermarketpush: e.g., current special offers in the supermarket
pull: e.g., where is the Black Forrest Cherry Cake?pull: e.g., where is the Black Forrest Cherry Cake?
Su ort servicesSu ort services
caches, intermediate results, state information etc. follow the mobilecaches, intermediate results, state information etc. follow the mobiledevice through the fixed networkdevice through the fixed network
PrivacyPrivacy
who should gain knowledge about the locationwho should gain knowledge about the location
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Conclusion & Final WordsConclusion & Final Words
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TelecomFuture5m00
WimaxCaseStudy
Which distinctiveHow should technologyd i i b
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6
1
technologicalcompetences and
capabilities arenecessary?
and innovation beorganized and
managed?
53
2
Which
technologiesshould be
used toimplement
product and
service?
When, how andwhere should new
technology beintroduced to the
market?
QuestionsQuestionsTechnologyTechnology
Strategy ShouldStrategy ShouldAnswerAnswer
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4What should be thelevel and timing of
investment in
technologydevelopment?
Should technologiesbe sourced internally
or externally?
Source: Burgelman, Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation
M ki d I tiM ki d I ti
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Mankind InnovationMankind Innovation
A very popularA very popular
nnova onnnova on o ay s e o ay s e Cell Phone.Cell Phone.
In 1979, the first commercial cellularphone system began operation inTokyo. -- By the end of 2004, the numberof wireless subscribers in the USA
surpassed 180.5 million.
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Th STh S C f I iC f I i
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The SThe S--Curve of InnovationCurve of Innovation
Physical limit
erformanc
eparameter New
InventionPeriod
TechnologyImprovementPeriod
MatureTechnologyPeriod
Embryonic Growth Maturity Aging
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Technolog
yp
Time
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