Born to Behave Wild? Development of a Wild Chinook Surrogate

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Julia R. Unrein Rob Chitwood

Eric Billman Cameron Sharpe

Ryan Couture Joseph O’Neil

David L. G. Noakes Carl B. Schreck

OHRC 12 March 2012

The Catch and Hook

• Rear surrogates reflecting morphology, physiology and behavior of wild fish in Upper Willamette Basin.

• Provide for field studies to be conducted in UWR reservoirs.

Detroit (JSATS)

• 95 – 180 mm

Cougar (JSATS)

• 95 – 180 mm

Lookout P. & Dexter

(PIT & Genetic)

• 65 mm

•45 mm

Tagging Study

Releases

Justification for Utilizing Wild Surrogates

• ESA-listed species - surrogate wild fish are crucial for studies requiring large sample sizes.

• Morphological, behavioral and physiological differences between wild and hatchery fish may confound estimation of passage and survival.

Objectives

• Identify “Wild” phenotypes from published literature & reports

• Determine environmental conditions that contribute to these phenotypes

• Produce surrogates with desired attributes for field studies

• Develop procedures and protocols applicable for production scale rearing.

What makes Hatchery fish different? (eg.)

– Morphology

Gross examination: Tiffan & Connor 2011

Brain size: Kihslinger et al. 2006

– Physiology

Proximate Analysis: Wood et al. 1957

Early maturation: Larsen et al. 2004

– Behavior

Predator Avoidance: Fritts et al. 2007.

Out-migration Behavior: Kostow 2004.

Wild Chinook

Courtesy Peter Moyle, U.C. Davis

Stream-rearing Chinook Sizes above Reserovirs

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

Fork

length

(m

m)

20

40

60

80

100

120

SF McKenzie above Cougar

North Santiam above Detroit

MF Willamette above LOP

Data Provided by Fred Monzyk ODFW

Wild Chinook in Upper Basin

Small Movers

Large Movers

Reservoirs

In-reservoir Chinook Sizes

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

Fork

length

(m

m)

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Cougar

Detroit

Lookout

Data Provided by Fred Monzyk ODFW

0.54 mm/day

0.77 mm/day

0.78 mm/day

No Exit

Transitory

Young

Release & Experimental Treatments

Fish Performance & Genetics Laboratory

Corvallis, OR

Oregon Hatchery Research Center

Alsea, OR

• September 2011 – 10,000 BY 2010 sub-yearlings (Marion Forks) to FPGL.

• October 2011 – 25,000 BY 2011 Eggs (McKenzie Hatchery) to FPGL &

OHRC

• Spring 2012 – BY ‘10 yearlings for JSATS study at Cougar & Detroit – BY ‘11 at Willamette Hatchery for PIT & Genetic Tag

study at Dexter & Lookout Point.

• Fall 2012 – BY ‘10 yearlings & BY ‘11 subyearlings for JSATS study.

• Spring and Fall 2013 – BY ‘11 yearlings for JSATS study at Cougar & Detroit.

BY 2010 @ FPGL

F10S12HIWW MCDBBCT

F10F12HIWW MCDBBCT

F10RBSHIWW LCDBBCT

F10RBHIWW MCDBBCT

F10RBHIWW LCDBBCT

BY 2011 @ FPLG

F11F12WIWWMADBBCT

F11S13WIWWMADBBCT

F11F13WIWWMADBBCT

F11ETWIWWMCDBBCT

F11ETWIWWMADGBCT

F11ETWIWWLADGBCT

F11ETCIWW LADVSCT

F11ETCIWWLADGBTT

BY 2011 @ OHRC

O11ETCIHWM CDBBCT

O11ETCICWM CDBBCT

O11ETCIHWM ADBBCT

O11ETCICWM ADBBCT

O11ETCICWH CDBBCT

O11ETCICWM ADGBTT

Treatments

F11ETWIWWLADGBCT

F – Facility (FPGL) 11- Brood Year (2011) ET- Treatment (Experimental) WI- Incubation Temp. (Well Water ambient) WW- Rearing Temp. (Well Water ambient) L – Density (Low) AD – Abernathy (Experimental Diet # 1) GB- Substrate (Gravel Bottom) CT – Container (Circular Tank)

Target

Size

Range

Wt0.33 = W0

0.33 + (T/1000)t

Incubation Temperature

Rearing Temperature

Diet

Feeding Frequency

Density Gravel and

Cover

Trough vs. Tank

Horizontal Self-Sorting

Vertical Self-Sorting

Morphometrics Fin Condition

Condition Factor Lipid Content

Liver Glycogen GSI and HSI Brain Size

Gill ATPase Movement Saltwater

www.fishsciences.net/projects/merced/

hatcard/hatcard7/hatfieldpostcard7.htm

Self- Sorting Experiments

Vertical: Surface vs. Bottom Oriented

Horizontal Trough: Movers vs. Stayers

Questions?