wildlife sign - university of tennesseefwf.ag.utk.edu/mgray/wetlandbook/wildlifesignslab.pdfwildlife...
TRANSCRIPT
Wildlife Sign Developing skills for conducting sign
or track surveys
Purpose of lab
• Teach you how to identify tracks, scat, and sign left by common wildlife species
• Understand subtle differences in tracks among various mammalian species
• Develop tools to assist with identification of wildlife tracks in various tracking substrates
Mammals - Toe patterns
• 2 toed hooved
• 4 toed with heal pad
• Five “fingered”
• 4 front, 5 hind toes
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Clumping will depend on diet
Feral hog, wild boar (Sus scrofa)
Coloration on feral swine Note width of track, lack of point on terminal end, and curvature in wild boar
Canids, Felids, and Lagomorphs
Four toe pads and one heal pad
Coyote (Canis latrans)
Dog or coyote? Notice splaying in claw marks
Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Note hair between pads and segments of scat with twist
Note shape of metacarpal pads and splaying of toes, size with presence of hair will help distinguish from coyotes 2 to 2.25 inch track vs 2.5 inch for coyotes
Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)
Note that metacarpal pads closer to center of register Track < 2 inches
Note consistent gate pattern Scat – key is the smell, distinctive musky odor distinguishes from coyote
Bobcat (Lynx rufus)
Typically can’t see claw marks, but pay attention to tracking medium
Are both of these bobcat?
Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus)
Front track jumped by back
Bark foraging – note height, as moose create similar damage Girdling of seedlings
Swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus) Note environment Fecal deposits on stumps, logs, high ground – scattered Bigger pellets
Five fingered group Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
Scat has blocky end and will be dominated by seeds or invertebrates
Note left front hits with right rear and vice versa
2 inch track on rear, 1.75 inch on front
Opossum (Didelphis virginiana)
Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
Note tail drag marks and double stamp on track
If you have muskrats, you’ll see mounds and huts
Beaver (Castor canadensis) Webbed hind foot with large heel
Mink (Neovison vison) - Mustelids
May see webbing on hind foot
Note double stamp on tracks and size of track - tiny
River otter (Lontra canadensis)
Distinct track pattern whether walking, loping, or running
Black bear (Ursus americanus)
Note height of claw marks to determine relative size, size of scat, and walking pattern where hind foot eclipses front