william p. young 1, andrew p. matala 2, shawn r. narum 2 and jason vogel 1 1 nez perce tribe...
TRANSCRIPT
William P. Young1, Andrew P. Matala2, Shawn R. Narum2 and Jason Vogel1
1Nez Perce TribeDepartment of Fisheries Resources Management
2Columbia River Intertribal Fish CommissionHagerman Genetics Lab
A demographic evaluation of hatchery- and natural-origin Chinook salmon and its impacton the population genetic structure in the South Fork Salmon River
Objective:•Evaluate the impacts of management activities and demography on the genetic diversity of Chinook salmon
• Within the upper SFSR population
• within the South Fork Salmon River (SFSR) Major Population Group (MPG)
• among MPGs within the Snake River Sp/su Chinook salmon ESU
• Measures of genetic diversity
• Spawner abundance
• Spawner distribution
• Hatchery fraction
•Among MPGs within the Snake River basin ESU• Philopatry
• Landscape/geography
•Among populations within the SFSR MPG
• upper SFSR
• Johnson Creek
• Secesh River
•Within the upper SFSR, HOR and NOR spawners
• 4 sections downstream of a weir
• 1 section upstream of a weir
Effects of management and demography across multiple spatial scales
small
large
Management and demographic structure
-upper SFSR
• Large segregated (H x H) mitigation hatchery program
• Started in 1978, mixed origin• 100% marking in 1995
• Significant hatchery- and natural-origin spawning upstream and downstream of the weir
• Pass all unclipped fish above the weir• Hatchery outplants downstream of the
weir and to the EFSFSR• Significant sport and tribal harvest
Management and demographic structure Johnson Creek - East Fork South Fork Salmon River (EFSFSR)
population
• Supplementation hatchery program • N x N broodstock• Initiated in 1997• No AD clip, 100% cwt & VIE marks
• Significant natural- and hatchery-origin spawning upstream of a weir
• Minimal tribal harvest
Management and demographic structure
-Secesh River
• Managed for natural spawning• Minimal hatchery influence (strays)• Significant natural-origin spawning• Minimal tribal harvest
Johnson Creek weirMcCall Hatchery weir
•Spawning ground surveys•Weir captures
Methods
0
200
400
600
800
Weir to Dime CreekDime Creek to Unnamed TributaryPoverty FlatLodgepole CG to Phoebe CreekAbove weir (Stolle Meadows)
Ann
ual r
edd
coun
ts
1996
2008
2000
2004
Index of Spawner Abundance - upper SFSR, 1996-2008
Stolle Meadows, Sec AW
41.4%
Weir to unnamed tributary, Sec 01 & 02
76.4%
Natural
Hatchery
Lodgepole CG to Phoebe Creek,Sec 04
10.2%
Hatchery Fraction- upper SFSR, 1996-2008
Poverty Flat,Sec 03
21.2%
McCall Hatchery weir
Spawner Distribution- Upper SFSR
above weir below weir0
100
200
300
400
500
Stolle Meadows(Above weir)
Below weir
Ave
rage
red
d co
unts
Secesh JCtotal SFSR
Secesh 1JC 0.91* 1SFSR 0.82* 0.73* 1
Ave
rage
an
nu
al r
edd
cou
nts
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Index of Spawner Abundance – SFSR MPG, 1996 - 2008
Secesh JC Upper SFSR
26%
13%
61%
*P < 0.005
Pearson Correlation
Secesh RiverStray HOR = 4.7%
Johnson CreekStray HOR = 3.4%Endemic HOR = 47%
Hatchery Fraction- SFSR MPG, 1996-2008
SFSRApproximate HOR = 40%
MPG level Spawner
Distribution
•Major spawning areas in headwaters•Populations are separated by areas of unsuitable spawning habitat
• High gradient• Large substrate
•Likely influenced historic metapopulation structure and diversity
Summary – upper SFSR
•Spawner abundance - Similar annual redd count variation upstream and downstream of the weir
•Hatchery Fraction - highest in the two sections just below the weir, significant in all sections, including above the weir.
•Spawner Distribution - spawning distributed almost continuous. Little to no spawning Chinook salmon in the lower 15 kilometers
Conclusions – SFSR MPG
•Spawner Abundance – high spawner variation across years.
•Hatchery fraction – minor influence of strays in JC and Secesh
•Spawner distribution - major spawning areas separated by areas of unsuitable spawning habitat (high gradient, large substrate)
•Historic genetic relationships between the SFSR MPG other MPGs within the Snake River basin ESU appear to have been conserved.
• Philopatry
• Landscape/geography
•Three distinct populations persist in the SFSR MPG
• widely varying abundance, composition and distribution.
• widely varying management intensity
•De facto hatchery integration in the upper SFSR
• Leaky weir, ISS supplementation
• Significant HOR spawners downstream of the weir
Spatial Scale
small
largelarge
JC
JCsupp
SCT01
SCT04
SCT02
SCT03
HAT2001
HAT2002
HAT2000
SCT-AW
Secesh
Nei: 0.01
98.9
63.8
98.9
GENETIC DISTANCE:Radial tree topology – greater proximity equals greater similarity
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
1.) Imnaha River
2.) Grande Ronde & Clearwater
3.) SFSR : three upper SFSR groups two Johnson Creek & Secesh River
4.) Middle Fork Salmon River
5.) Upper Salmon River
Narum et al. 2007. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136:1252-1262.
In the context of larger scope Snake River studies.
Acknowledgements
•Nez Perce Tribe• Neal Espinosa• Mike Blenden• Cameron Albee• Rick Orme• Jay Hesse• Ryan Kinzer• Craig Rabe• Field Crews
•Idaho Department of Fish and Game
• John Cassinelli• Brian Leth• Kim Apperson• Field Crews