Topic 3 - Lesson 3 Other Forms of Energy

I. Types of Energy:A. Mechanical: the total energy of motion and position of

an object. 1. ME = Potential energy + Kinetic energy.

B. Nuclear: the energy associated with changes in the nucleus of an atom.

1. fission - when the nucleus of the atom splits; nuclear power plants2. fusion - when small nuclei join to form larger nuclei; sun releases light energy because of fusion.

C. Thermal: the total energy of the particles that make up an object. Ice=tight, water=loose, steam=very loose

D. Chemical: the energy of a compound that changes as its atoms are rearranged to form a new compound.

1. food (cellular respiration)2. photosynthesis3. batteries/fuel

E. Electrical: the energy of moving electrons.F. Electromagnetic - form of kinetic energy that travels

through waves in space.1. Sound: energy that is caused by an object's vibrations.2. Light: energy that is produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles.

Topic 3 - Lesson 4Energy Change and Conservation

I. Energy Conversions: when energy changes from one form to another.

A. Kinetic to Potential: a conversion of energy when a moving object stops.

B. Chemical Conversions: as your body digests food chemical energy (light energy is converted to chemical energy in the growing of the food) is released and available to be used.

C. Energy Transformation and Transfer1. Energy transformation - when one form of energy changes into another form.

a. Potential energy of an egg transforms to kinetic as it falls, then to sound as it splats on the ground.

2. Energy transfer - when energy moves from one object to another.

a. When a wrecking ball hits a wall, the energy transfers to the wall, causing it to fall over.

II. Conservation of Energy:A. Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy can be neither

created nor destroyed. Energy is always converted.

III. Energy Resources

A. Nonrenewable Resources: cannot be replaced after they are used or can be replaced only over thousands or millions of years.1. Fossil fuels are the most important nonrenewable resources. Formed from the buried remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Ex: Coal, petroleum, natural gas and nuclear energy.

B. Renewable Resources: can be used and replaced over a short period of time.1. Solar energy: uses solar cells to convert sunlight →

electrical energy.2. Water: falling water turns a turbine (connected to a

generator) which converts kinetic → electrical energy (hydroelectricity).

3. Wind: winds turns a turbine which converts kinetic → electrical energy.

4. Geothermal: thermal energy resulting from the heating of the earth's crust. Water can be pumped underground to return as steam and turn a generator to produce electrical energy.

5. Biomass: organic matter such as plants, wood, waste, can be burned.