wimax based approach to enhance localized human social network
DESCRIPTION
WiMAX 802.16e is the mobile extension from 802.16 Modification in PHY from OFDM to Scalable OFDMA Modification in MAC for security, handoff, roaming, & resource managementTRANSCRIPT
Chalking It Up
WiMAXBASED APPROACH TO ENHANCE LOCALIZED HUMAN SOCIAL NETWORK.
AJAL.A.JAssistant ProfessorMets school of engineeringkerala
Communication - Mobile
TelephoneExchange
SubscriberLine
Inter-ExchangeJunction
Mobile SwitchingCentre
(MSC)
BSC BTS
MS
The Next G - a sneak preview
Electromagnetic Spectrum
This is Mobile Broadband
Everywhere coverageThis is Mobile Broadband
This is Mobile Broadband
Full mobility
High data speedsThis is Mobile Broadband
STANDARDIZED Integral part of WCDMA (3GPP Rel.5/6)
REDUCED DELAY Quicker response time with interactive services
CAPACITY 3 – 4 times improved system capacity Rel. 5/6
SPEED Higher bit rates: up to 14 Mbps
Network Coverage Short time to market with existing sites
REQUIREMENTS
An ecosystem of devices spans all consumer electronics
3GPP
WiMAX
3GPP2
EDGE WCDMA HSPA LTE
802.16e 802.16m
CDMA1X
EV-DO DOrA
Personal Broadband
LTELTE
Wireless Technology Evolution
Industry Trends
WiMAX & LTE Makes On-Demand Possible
Entertainmentand productivity
Fashionable devices working across technologies
Personal broadband on the go
ANYTIME. ANYWHERE.
INSTANT ACCESS.
WIRELESS & MOBILE.
GHz1 3
2 4
ISM: Industrial, Scientific & Medical Band – Unlicensed band
UNII: Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure band – Unlicensed band
UNII
ISM
5
802.11/802.16 Spectrum
InternationalLicensed
USLicensed
JapanLicensed
InternationalLicensed ISM
802.16a has both licensed and license-exempt options
Title
WIMAXWIMAX
19
Convergence Sub LayerConvergence Sub Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
PHY LayerPHY Layer
Security/Privacy Key, AES, EAPSecurity/Privacy Key, AES, EAP HandoffHandoff
Bandwidth ManagementBandwidth Management
Connection ManagementConnection Management
Power Mgnt Sleep/Idle Power Mgnt Sleep/Idle
IPIPPacket ClassifierPacket ClassifierEthernetEthernet ATMATM Header
SuppressionHeader Suppression
ARQARQ
PDU GenerationPDU Generation
PDU ReassemblyPDU ReassemblyNet EntryNet Entry
PHY Burst SchedulingPHY Burst Scheduling
SC 10-66GHzSC 10-66GHz
SCa 2-11GHzSCa 2-11GHz
OFDM 2-11GHz 256FFTOFDM 2-11GHz 256FFT
OFDMA 2-11GHz 2048FFTOFDMA 2-11GHz 2048FFT
OFDMA 2-11GHz (PAR <6GHz) 128, 256, 512,1024, 2048
OFDMA 2-11GHz (PAR <6GHz) 128, 256, 512,1024, 2048
802.16d802.16d 802.16e802.16e WiMAXWiMAX
802.16e is the mobile extension from 802.16 Modification in PHY from OFDM to Scalable OFDMA Modification in MAC for security, handoff, roaming, & resource management
OFDMAOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
A flexible multiple access technology for the NGN
Security
4 Way Handshake
Access Point Laptop
RTS
CTS
Data
ACK
Ready to Send
Clear to Send
Scenario of virtual community over geographical areas
Wi-Fi and WiMAX interworked wireless citywide environment
Advantages in Multipath
25
OFDMA carries advantages in “Multipath” CDMA uses the whole spectrum, wasting system resource to combat
frequency selective fading. CDMA also creates worse interference problem OFDMA only select subcarriers with less channel degradation, prevent
wasting system resource (power or throughput ) => achieving higher system capacity.
Signal Sent
Signal Received
MultipathMultipath
Solar powered WiMax
• solar-powered WiFi router/WiMax router/surveillance cam that can be situated a top a streetlight. The access point may uses a high gain omni antenna and a high gain parabolic antenna to provide access/security to both developed and developing regions; it is already in use in Cameroon, with plans for deployment to India, China, and Morocco.
Infrastructure
Family of Micro & PICO
WiMAX Base Station
&WiMAX Service
EdgeNetwork
Devices
Family of
USB dongle,PCM CIA,
Home Terminal Handset
& Dual Mode
GSM/Wimax Hnadset
Core
Edge & Core IP NW Equipments
Content Delivery
Gateways
Site
Exploit Acquired &
existing GSM sites For
POWER TOWER & Fiber
backhaul
Backhaul
Use Wireless& Fiber
Backhaul
Passive Infra
sharing and
Leasing
IT
OSS / BSS Development & Integration
CRM
Operations
Maintenance
Support & Warranty
Subscriber Acquisition
Marketing
G&A
Business investment model for WiMAX Services launch
•Covers all aspects of Network design, deployment and integration
•From the core through the systems architecture, service edge, access network, device, & operations
Application Classes
Market Models
WiMAX Benefits
Small Wireless ISPs Lower Network CapEx
Hot Spot Providers Lower backhaul OpEx
Wireline / ILECsDSL fill-in. Cost effective coverage of low density areas
Cellular OperatorsNomadic/Mobile broadband data services competitive with wireline
Cable Providers Broadband data service to businesses
Large ISPsAlternative last mile to compete with ILEC broadband services
New Entrants (e.g. Utilities, Railroads, Retailers)
Leverage existing assets to deliver broadband service
Satellite Need alternative last mile for uplink
Population: 1.15 Billion peopleIndia’s Tele-density
- Overall: 31%Rural: 8.8% Urban: 65% Broadband: 0.4%Internet: 4%
500 Million phone connections by year 2010
High GDP Growth-8%Increased Income of middle
class(300M)PC Penetration: 2%
The Opportunity in IndiaThe Opportunity in India
Web was “invented” by Tim Berners-Lee (amongst others), a physicist working at CERN
His vision of the Web was much more ambitious than the reality of the existing (syntactic) Web:
This vision of the Web has become known as the Semantic Web
“… a set of connected applications … forming a consistent logical web of data …”
“… an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation …”
What is the Semantic Web?
“When Technology meets Business”
Strategic Vision
Wireless &
Technology
Wireless Strategies and the
Digital Community Solution
34
Market & Time Competition
Marketing HypeMarketing Hype
DisappointmentDisappointment
Rebuild Business ModelRebuild Business Model
Steady GrowthSteady Growth
Market takes time! Markets takes time to mature;
most new services will follow the letter “N” curve as below
Fixed WiMAX technology is far from mass adoption, mobile WiMAX would take even longer
WiMAX has risks too! Mobile WiMAX market is squeezed by
both 3G, Flash OFDM, and WiFi. 802.11e, 11r, and 11n are enhancing
QoS, handover, and throughput. HSDPA (of 3G) shorten the gap with
WiMAX in throughput. Flash OFDM (by Flarion) has
demonstrated end-to-end solution.
WiMAX Marketing GuyWiMAX Marketing Guy
Operational scenario for ‘User not registered,
no roaming agreement’
NO user SP
RoamRqt
RoamAck
P4
Roaming agreement
AuthRqtSPNO
AuthAckSPNO
P3
NO-SP authentication
CapsRqt
CapsInfo
P2
InitAuthRqt P1
P5a delegate control to NO
user-network authentication
PresAuthMech P1
The message flow corresponding to the authentication protocol:
Vs CDMA 2000
WiMAX Demonstration Complete
Typical Testing Scenario
Test Bench BasicsMobile WiMAX DL Transmitter Test Bench
High-speed measurement challenges ?
WiMAX vs. McWiLL in China Multicarrier Wireless Internet Local Loop (McWill).
•China is testing a potential rival to WiMax, based on SCDMA (still used in China in the 400-MHz band)
•The technology is known asMulticarrier Wireless Internet Local Loop (McWill).
•It has been in field trials in a few Chinese cities, including Guangzhou and Qingdao, where it has been used for video, voice and data
Emerging Market GovernmentsFavorable regulatory environment
Favorable policiesSpectrum allocationOutside investment
Policies
Business & Consumers Telecommunications services
Internet access Web applications
Information
Demand
Broadband Internet AccessBroadband Internet AccessNational Prosperity ImperativeNational Prosperity Imperative
Business
Education
Consumers
Health
Bridging the Digital Divide Bridging the Digital Divide Demand and Policies ConvergingDemand and Policies Converging
Supply Chain Processes Overview
MAKE
Make Product
Enable Make
ORDERMarket Product
SOURCE
Source Product
Enable Source
DELIVER
Deliver Product
Enable Deliver
PLAN
Plan Supply Chain Enable Plan
Su
pplie
rs
Cu
sto
me
rs
RETURN
INDUSTRY RETURN
Customer-oriented, process-based, building partnerships and sharing information
Integrated high-efficiency and open supply chain with advanced IT tools
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2008.
WiMAX
HSDPA
EV-DO
UMTS
EDGE
CDMA 1X
GPRS
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 (MB)
60 kbps
115 kbps
256 kbps
400 kbps
1.0 Mbps
4.0 Mbps
35 kbps
Total Time
11.5 mins
6 mins
2.5 mins
1.5 min
40 secs
10 secs
19.5 mins
aacPlus v232 kbps
aacPlus64 kbps
AAC/WMA128 kbps
MP3160 kbps
The Need for Speed
5.5 Mbps 7 secs
*Based on Motorola estimates
Average Data Transfer Rates
The tender for procurement of WiMAX equipment for Punjab & Kerala Circle has been issued on 4/10/2008.
1600 BTSs will be procured through this tender.
Around 8 lakhs CPE will be procured . The tender will cover rural & urban areas of
Punjab & Kerala.
Punjab & Kerala TenderPunjab & Kerala Tender
India is one of the strongest and fastest growing Economies in World.
Indian Telecom sector is growing at an explosive pace with highest growth in wireless users
Growth in broadband in India will lead to massive opportunities for broadband wireless technologies such as WiMAX
Government of India fully supports growth of all technologies and will provide necessary regulatory framework to promote and facilitate such growth
SummarySummary
•
SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE ( SAR ) IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Related Work Cell Phone Radiation is Absorbed More Deeply Into the Brains of Children
Estimation of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation from a cell phone based on age (Frequency GSM 900 Mhz) (On the right, color scale showing the Specific Absorption Rate in W/kg)
Gandhi, O.P.G. Lazzi, and C.M. Furse, Electromagnetic Absorption in the Human Head and Neck for Cell Telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1996. 44(10): p. 1884-1897
Thank You
Thank youThank you
• [1] IEEE 802.16-2004 October 2004, Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems - Amendment for Physical and Medium
Access ControlLayers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands, August
2004.
• [2] IEEE 802.16e-2005 March 2006, Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined
Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands.
• [3] Allen H. Kupetz and K. Terrell Brown, “4G - A Look Into the Future of Wireless
Communications”, Rollins Business Journal, Jan-Mar 2004
• [4] B. G. Evans and K. Baughan, "Visions of 4G," Electronics and Communication Engineering
Journal, Dec. 2002.
• [5] Jun-seok Hwang, Roy R. Consulta, "4G Mobile Networks – Technology Beyond 2.5G And
3G", PTC’07 Proceedings-2007.04/09/23 57