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Preface Long waited and expected WiMAX network has been in Bangladesh since October 2009 in commercial basis. WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16 that is intended for wireless “metropolitan area networks”. WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 – 10 miles (5 – 15 km) for mobile stations. WiMAX has the potential to replace a number of existing telecommunications infrastructures. In a fixed wireless configuration it can replace the telephone company’s copper wire networks, the cable TV’s coaxial cable infrastructure while offering Internet Service Provider (ISP) services. In its mobile variant, WiMAX has the potential to replace cellular networks. What makes WiMAX so exciting is the broad range of applications it makes possible but not limited to broadband internet access, T1/E1 substitute for businesses, voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) as telephone company substitute, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) as cable TV substitute, backhaul for Wi-Fi hotspots and cell phone towers, mobile telephone service, mobile data TV, mobile emergency response services, wireless backhaul as substitute for fiber optic cable.

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UNDERSTANDING WiMAX Now a day the evolution of internet have effect to the peoples. The important problem is the range of signal and the speed of internet. The way to prove this problem is WiMAX because it more advantage on the range and speed to transfer the data on the internet. WiMAX is an IP based, wireless broadband access technology that provides performance similar to 802.11/Wi-Fi networks with the coverage and QOS (quality of service) of cellular networks. WiMAX is also an acronym meaning "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). At its heart, however, WiMAX is a standards initiative. Its purpose is to ensure that the broadband wireless radios manufactured for customer use interoperate from vendor to vendor. The primary advantages of the WiMAX standard are to enable the adoption of advanced radio features in a uniform fashion and reduce costs for all of the radios made by companies, who are part of the WiMAX Forum™ - a standards body formed to ensure interoperability via testing. The more recent Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard is a similar term describing a parallel technology to WiMAX that is being developed by vendors and carriers as a counterpoint to WiMAX. Much of the credit for the formation of the WiMAX Forum™ and to the founding members of the WiMAX Forum, which committed themselves early to the process of creating a collaborative standards body. As a founding member of the WiMAX Forum, Intel recognized that a well developed ecosystem was necessary to drive adoption and thereby drive lower hardware costs. Intel was also instrumental in getting other silicon chip manufacturers involved whose products would form the core of WiMAX technology.

A Safe Network Since much of the technology being utilized in the IEEE 802.16 standard (WiMAX standard) is widely deployed, there is a historical body of evidence supporting the safety of technologies used in upcoming WiMAX and WiMAX products. Microwave and other spectrum technologies enjoy over a hundred years of historical evidence of safety when prudently handled and configured. The amount of power allowed to deliver broadband wireless signal varies from frequency to frequency, however, most are modest topping out at around 40 watts at the tower relay site. While certain basic precautions need to be taken when onsite at communications towers (i.e. Standing directly in front of active microwave links at essentially zero range) the configurations for public use are understood and safe. Customer premise equipment is even safer.

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Structure of WiMAX Network

WiMAX networks consist of two parts: 1. Base Station (BS): control all of Cell Site and connect Wired Internet Backbone 2. Subscriber Unit (SS): connect with receiver station using subscriber device that

called “Customer Premises Equipment” or “CPE”, like a Hub which is a center for transfer high power data to connect in the remote distance.

Form the feather of WiMAX network; it is not complex such as mobile network case. Each WiMAX station has ability to process the result completely, store data in processing and calculate translation of data in term of IP (Internet Protocol).There are many ways to connect WiMAX data. For instance, hiring IP network for connecting to a station, using WiMAX station to translate LOS signal. In case of WiMAX services those have their own mobile phone, can get more benefits from medium that connect with mobile phone device network.

Categories of connection for WiMAX

1. PTP (Point to Point): connect directly between server and client.

2. PMP (Point to Multipoint): directly connect between one server with many clients.

3. Mesh Topology: connection seems to be the spider web both servers and clients can be connected to each other.

Therefore, WiMAX is the fastest wireless technology in connecting to various purposes. Being cheap and comfortable can be the choice for you to use this technology as the main connection in your life or business.

Detailed Design

Transmitter: The process of the transmitter is straight forward. The Source Generator will first generate data, and then go through the source coding blocks, after that, an inverse FFT will be used to achieve a time-domain signal that can be transmitted over channel.

Receiver: The base band receiver can be partitioned into front end and back end. The base band front end is defined as the subsystems that involve parameter estimation. The base band backend is defined as the subsystems that involve signal detection.

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How WiMAX works? WiMAX, just like Wi-Fi uses radio waves to transfer data. The important difference is that WiMAX uses two spectrums of frequencies to provide two kinds of wireless broadband access services. (Mobile WiMAX & Fixed WiMAX) The WiMAX system has two parts; one is the WiMAX tower (similar to a cell phone tower) and a receiver. The receiver can be of two types depending on the device. It can be an embedded device just like our Wi-Fi receivers or it can be advanced hardware equipment with dedicated antennae. The WiMAX tower connects to internet through regular mediums of connectivity like fiber optic cable or T1 lines. It can also connect with other WiMAX towers using radio link. This additional line-of-sight connectivity is the biggest advantage of WiMAX. Technically, this is called the backhaul system. Thus by installing multiple towers, WiMAX can easily provide broadband access to large number of people.

Uses

The bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for the following potential applications:

• Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots to the Internet. • Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for “last mile” broadband

access. • Providing data and telecommunications services. • Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan.

That is, if a business has a fixed and a wireless Internet connection, especially

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from unrelated providers, they are unlikely to be affected by the same service outage.

• Providing portable connectivity.

Advantages of WiMAX

• Large Area of Coverage: As WiMAX can deliver high-speed internet to large distance, it is very well suited to provide broadband access to remote areas of the world.

• Scalability: As earlier mentioned, by using backhaul feature of WiMAX, you can set up large number of WiMAX towers in matter of days as opposed to wiring that requires proper planning and heavy labor.

• In Built QoS: Quality of Service mechanisms in WiMAX allows mission-critical

services to run smoothly even if there is lack of resources. This way, mission critical services are allowed to run at full priority when everything is busy.

• Multi-User Connectivity : A single WiMAX tower can connect to 100 client receivers. These clients can of different modes of operation.

WiMAX Could Boost Government Security

In an emergency, communication is crucial for government officials as they try to determine the cause of the problem, find out who may be injured and coordinate rescue efforts or cleanup operations. A gas-line explosion or terrorist attack could sever the cables that connect leaders and officials with their vital information networks. WiMAX could be used to set up a back-up (or even primary) communications system that would be difficult to destroy with a single, pinpoint attack. A cluster of WiMAX transmitters would be set up in range of a key command center but as far from each other as possible. Each transmitter would be in a bunker hardened against bombs and other attacks. No single attack could destroy all of the transmitters, so the officials in the command center would remain in communication at all times.

Limitations A commonly-held misconception is that WiMAX will deliver 70 Mbit/s over 50

kilometers (~31 miles). In reality, WiMAX can either operate at higher bit rates or over longer distances but not both: operating at the maximum range of 50 km increases bit error rate and thus results in a much lower bit rate. Conversely, reducing the range (to <1km) allows a device to operate at higher bit rates. There are no known examples of

WiMAX services being delivered at bit rates over around 3 Mbit/s.

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INTERNET IN BANGLADESH

The history of the internet is not that old even in developed countries. The people of Bangladesh had to remain in the dark about it for a long time because of the non-availability of the service in this part of the globe. The main obstacle to start the service was to have data circuits to a suitable overseas location. However in this condition a few young talents started dialup e-mail service and made it commercially available for public use. In late 1995 the government of Bangladesh invited applications to subscribe the VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) data circuits.

On June 4, 1996 the VSAT base data circuit was commissioned for the first time in the country. Upon VSAT commissioning, internet connectivity was established & its services were made available to the public. After internet was launched, the June 1996 National polls results were made available to the netizens of the world using World Wide Web. This was the first ever usage event of its kind in Bangladesh. The effort was appreciated in many corners especially among the Bangladeshis living abroad.

After the introduction of Internet, the use of email increased exponentially owing to point to point direct transmission. Prior to it dialup links were used to communicate to an overseas e-mail server using international phone calls. The uploading & downloading of mails took place using UUCP (Unix-to-Unix copy).

The introduction of Internet did not instantly create a market. At the end of year, there were only two ISPs in the country and the number of users was close to one thousand only. The year 1997 recorded a tremendous growth. The total number of ISPs was more than a dozen and the clientele growth was ten times higher than that of the previous year. Afterward, a few new ISPs started their venture recording a proportionate growth in number of users. However, more liberal Government policies followed in the subsequent years which led to a rapid expansion of this industry, eventually resulting in over 180 registered ISP's by 2005. In 2006 Bangladesh got connected to the SEA-ME-WE 4 Submarine cable. After that, many ISPs found the opportunity to connect the submarine cable via Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (Now BTCL). This is the time when number of internet users increased by quite a big margin as bandwidth quality and price became affordable to general individuals. Over the years BTCL reduced the bandwidth price at regular intervals which attract more and more users towards the internet cloud.

As of now, Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) has about one hundred and sixty six registered ISP license holders and there are approximately Four Hundred and Fifty (450) thousand users connected to them which is about 0.32% of the total population.

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Constraints on Internet Growth

• Underdeveloped IT industry • Limited trained human resources • Poor telecommunication infrastructure • Low level of computer literacy • Widespread poverty • Limited point of presence of ISPs • Lack of software and content in Bangla

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WiMAX Providers in Bangladesh BanglaLion Communication LTD, BRAC BD Mail Network Ltd and Augere Wireless Broadband Bangladesh Ltd — won the licenses from Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) to operate Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) services nationwide using WiMAX technology in 18 November 2008. The license was obtained through an open bid process at a cost of about 31 million USD. BanglaLion was the highest bidder in obtaining the access frequency in 2.5 GHz band. The license allows using WiMAX standard 802.16e and onward revisions only. It allows VoIP services as well.

Among them BDMail Network withdrawn their license. At present BanglaLion

Communication and Augere Ltd. operating the WiMAX service at selected zones of

Dhaka and Chittagong.

Bangla Lion:

BanglaLion Communications Ltd is a private limited company incorporated in Bangladesh on 5 Nov 2008 under the Companies Act, 1994. The company obtained license from Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) to operate Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) services in Bangladesh. Although company officials stated 1st June to be the launch day, the actual launch was delayed indefinitely, without providing any further

information to the general public, their website was still functional and signing up was still possible. Banglalion later officially launched product on 12th November 2009.

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Products and Services

BanglaLion currently offers 9 Internet packages of varying speed and data limit along with three hardware unit namely ODU(outdoor unit), IDU(indoor unit), and a USB dongle. BanglaLion plans on providing following services

• High-speed Internet service. • Mobile IP Telephony. • Live IP TV. • E-Learning. • Video Conferencing. • Secured VPN • ATM Connectivity

• IP PABX. • Online Radio. • Audio-Video Streaming. • Tele Medicine. • MAN for Corporate offices having presence in different locations. • Remote Surveillance

• Online Gaming Service etc.

BanglaLion Packages & Pricing

No Package Speeds Monthly Subscription (Tk) Monthly Usage

Lion infinity*

1 Lion Starter 128 Kbps 600 Unlimited

2 Lion Value 256 Kbps 1000 Unlimited

3 Lion Value Plus 512 Kbps 2150 Unlimited

Lion Regular

4 Lion Silver 768 Kbps 3000 17 GB

5 Lion Gold 1 Mbps 3750 20 GB

6 Lion Mega 2 Mbps 7000 25 GB

7 Lion Jumbo 5 Mbps 15000 30 GB

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Coverage

As part of the coverage plan, BanglaLion has already installed & commissioned number

of BTSs. With these BTSs, BanglaLion had already covered the key areas of Dhaka. By

the 1st quarter of 2010, BanglaLion plans to bring the whole Dhaka city and its wider

periphery under coverage by installing 300 BTSs. Banglalion has already made some

strong presence in Chittagong by covering some major areas in the city. Meantime,

network rollout in other major cities such as; Sylhet, Khulna, Rajshahi, Barisal are about

to begin. These cities and peripheries are expected to be under the coverage of

BanglaLion coverage by the 3rd quarter of 2010 and by the end of 2nd quarter 2011,

BanglaLion plans to bring most of the areas of the country under it's seamless coverage.

BanglaLion’s Coverage at Dhaka City

1. Motijheel 2. Chankherpul 3. Nakhal Para 4. Banani 5. Uttara 6. Mohakhali 7. Shyamoli 8. Mouchak 9. Central Road 10. Dhanmondi 11. Mirpur 12. Shahbagh 13. Dainik Bangla 14. Shekhertek 15. Gulshan 16. Lalmatia 17. Mohammadpur 18. Badda 19. Tikatoli 20. Mugda Para/Bashabo 21. Nikunjo 22. Kochukhet 23. Baridhara (DOHS) 24. Rampura/Banasree 25. South Azampur 26. Basundhara 27. Baridhara

Note: Orange Area Indicates BanglaLion Coverage

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28. Jatrabari

Coverage at Chittagong

1. Agrabad 2. Khulshi 3. Dewan Hat 4. Lalkhan Bazar 5. West Laldeghi 6. Beparipara 7. Shahgoribullah R/A 8. Nasirabad 9. Andorkilla 10. Sugondha R/A

Address: Banglalion Communications Ltd. Silver Tower (18th Floor) 52 Gulshan Avenue, Circle-1 Dhaka-1212 100 Agrabad Pine View C/A Chittagong Contact: Phone: +880-2-8817576, 8816656, 8816639 Fax: +880-2-8816313 Internet: Website: http://www.banglalionwimax.com Email: info@banglalionwimax.com

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Qubee Qubee is a new and exciting company from Augere providing fast and reliable broadband internet services to residential and business customers across Bangladesh. To provide a trouble-free access to the internet and the world of opportunities that it brings Qubee aimed to built a magical internet experience available to everyone, everyday, without exception.

Qubee is the creation of a group of global telecoms professionals who saw that a new technology called WiMAX could really change the internet experience for millions of

people worldwide. WiMAX means that you don’t need telephone lines or cable to get connected: all you need is to live close enough to a transmitter to receive the internet wirelessly.

QuBee Services & Packages

QUBEE frustrated Dhaka peoples as they launched their package from 512kbps where Modem prize was 7000 BDT. Later on they decreased Modem prize to 4000 BDT and launched Campus package for students 128kbps and 256kbps which became popular to mass peoples immediately.

Besides Internet facility, QUBEE is providing public IP to customers in requirment basis along with separate email address. QUBEE customer can check his or her current usage through web portal. Qubee offers the following packages-

Packages Speed Usage Allowance

Monthly Charge

Additional Usage

Qubee Campus 128

128 Kbps Freedom of download*

Tk. 850 -

Qubee Campus 256

256 Kbps 5 GB Tk. 850 Tk. 0.10/MB

Qubee Sky 256 256 Kbps Freedom of download*

Tk. 1,250 -

Qubee Sky 512 512 Kbps Freedom of download*

Tk. 2,250 -

Qubee 1Mb 1 Mbps 20 GB Tk. 5,250 Tk. 0.15/MB

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QuBee Coverage Till March 2010, Qubee covered almost 40% of Dhaka city and promised to cover the whole city within July. With this plan in mind, they’re installing more than 500 new transmission tower (BTS) across Dhaka. Qubee is going to show off how fast it is in some places throughout Dhaka.

Note: Pink area indicates Qubee coverage.

Address: Mostofa Center Plot 59, Road 27, Banani Dhaka-1213 Bangladesh Internet: Website: www.qubee.com.bd E-mail: qubee@qubee.com.bd

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E-Government E-Government is about automation of existing every-day government activities. Some examples include: (a) day-to-day communication such as notification of a meeting time; (b) accessing documents such as meeting minutes, policy documents; (c) accessing needed data such as export growth of a certain commodity; (d) tracking progress of government projects; (e) disseminating policies and strategies such as laws passed at the Parliament. SELECTED E -GOVERNMENT PROJECTS IN BANGLADESH Some of the major e-government projects in Bangladesh are briefly outlined below. This is by no means a comprehensive list. Ministry of Finance: has customized software for budget planning, sensitivity analysis, impact analysis, financial projections and various reports National Board of Revenue: Much of the activities of NBR have been computerized. NBR is computerizing the revenue budget procedure. Ministry of Science and ICT: Creating web-sites containing information about various ministries Ministry of Communication: Provides online searchable database of contractors, tenders. They have also created a Project Monitoring System for tracking progress of projects. They have databases of 9,011 bridge structures and 20,000 km roads Bangladesh Planning Commission: Creating software for interfacing between development and revenue budget. The IT system at Bangladesh Plannin Commission has the following features:

o File sharing facilities through LAN o Video Conferencing o Electronic Notice Board o Digital Library containing policies of Bangladesh in searchable format, minutes

of meetings, other useful documents etc. o ADP database facilities o Software for tracking movement of files

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Areas of Implementation Development means advancing in all aspects of living and that can’t be possible without the modernization of our resources. Comparing to the advanced world we’re still at the Stone Age, having our daily life as it goes no.

Our present government shows some ray of hope with the “Digital Bangladesh” project. Digitization helps increase operational efficiency and productivity provided the supporting infrastructures work properly. This is a tool that will help accelerate economic development and increase competitive edges of Bangladesh in the world market.

It is assumed that by 2021 Bangladesh will have a countrywide ICT network that will operate to ensure high speed information flow between the decision- centers wherefrom instructions will be transmitted electronically to the action centers to make the intended actions happen.

The goal is to accelerate a national decision-making process and to implement at the decisions, monitor the performance of the government functionaries at all levels starting from the national parliament through the ministries, administrative offices at districts, upazilas and down to the schools at village levels; evaluate the results at each level and if necessary correct the behavior of the non-performers.

The scope of DB is very wide. It is not only e-governance or e-commerce or e-banking, or operating a country-wide mobile phone network through which one can access the daily newspapers or other internet devices.

In fact, it is a combination of all of them. It is a country-wide application of 3G ICT to institutionalize the best management practices in every sector and sub-sector. To make DB happen, highest priority must be given to science, technology and management education. Besides, to be productive, the educated people must be in good health. This means digitization should start simultaneously with the education and health sectors.

Education Sector

The universities of Bangladesh are already partly digitized. DB visualizes that by 2021 all universities, colleges, high schools, primary schools, and madrasahs will have computerized connectivity. ICT is intended to be used as teaching-learning aids. After five years of schooling all students should have regular access to computers with internet facilities. The goal is to improve the quality of education. The use of automated library is spreading slowly in most universities, although they have to go a long way to be digital in the real sense. By 2021 the entire education sector should be digitized with third generation wireless technology.

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Health sector

Under the Ministry of Health there are medical universities, colleges and hospitals in big cities. In addition, there are a large number of rural hospitals/clinics/healthcare service centers at district, upazila, and thana levels. However, most of these hospitals and clinics are not well equipped and their services are not of desirable quality. The number of qualified doctors and nurses is much less than required. Nor do they have required type of diagnostic equipment and operating theatres. Reportedly, the available facilities and medicines are often misused.

In future Bangladesh all these clinics will be linked through the computer-aided connectivity. Major hospitals should even have their websites linked with the websites of the DG, Health Directorate. But it must be noted that merely establishing connectivity will not solve the problems of inadequacy of the number of doctors, nurses, equipment, medicines, etc.

What the digitization can do is to seek, receive, analyze the medical reports and transmit back prescriptions/instructions, monitor the performances at the rural clinics electronically.

In other words, decisions can be implemented very quickly. This will ease out management problems. Because the entire information and data set will flow back and forth electronically they will be relatively more transparent and in turn the probability of indulgence in corruption will decrease. Beside, by 2021, Bangladesh will hopefully introduce video conference systems between doctors in major clinics.

Managerial talent

To digitise Bangladesh with 3G technology in 12 years is fairly ambitious. However, there is no reason to feel skeptical. It needs strong commitment and strategic planning for sustainable DB. The beginning must concentrate on the development of infrastructure in terms of hardware, software and manpower. Merely buying several numbers of computers and distributing them among several thousand workstations located in colleges, schools, hospitals and clinics will not digitise Bangladesh. Locally produced qualified manpower must be available to keep the system running without depending on foreign "experts." The project presupposes that Bangladesh will be able to build its technical and managerial capacity to design the necessary digital network system, procure and install all the equipment properly, and to educate, train and deploy necessary personnel to operate and maintain the nationwide ICT network.

Sustainability of DB will depend on our ability to maintain, repair and expand once the system is installed. To install the system at the beginning we may seek foreign help, but to keep the system running we must not depend on external help. We must develop our own manpower.

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To produce such human resources, the government must assign highest priority to the promotion of science, technology and management education. We must prepare a separate plan to produce adequate number of scientists, computer and communication engineers, software engineers, technology management experts, etc.

Why WiMAX

Right now we have a 25/2.75G Network for wireless communication spread all across the land and have 0.32% population penetration to internet. Mobile internet came up with the promise to provide internet any where and this mobility of internet really mobilize the internet sector in Bangladesh. But 2G network has it own limitations with the data transfer speed. At this point, WiMAX came up with the solution which gives the assurance of high speed in any WiMAX enabled device or by using a WiMAX router. Beyond the speed, the future of a 4G network rises with so many opportunities; which refers to all IP packet switched networks, mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and multi-carrier transmission. 4G is being developed to accommodate the QoS (Quality of Service) and rate requirements set by further development of existing 3G applications like wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV, but also new services like HDTV content, minimal services like voice and data, and other services that utilize bandwidth. 4G may allow roaming with wireless local area networks, and may interact with digital video broadcasting systems.

In all proposed development sectors in Bangladesh, WiMAX can be a very helpful technology. It offers mobility as well as high speed regarding to other wireless internet services and easy to spread over the country than wired services.

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Summary

Only few months went away with WiMAX flavor in Bangladesh. Peoples are becoming interested about it. General peoples start calculating byte or bit, they sort the difference between it. Entrepreneurs start thinking about web based applications. Government Regulatory of Bangladesh started processing to give more licenses to fixed WiMAX operators. They will give 3G license to other GSM Operator's. From the people’s point of view, a lot of alternatives are up coming for data services in Bangladesh. Wide-scale digitization is likely to help Bangladesh become a mid-income country sooner than otherwise possible. However, for proper management the government needs to define its vision, mission and goals and formulate strategies and prepare action plans supported by necessary financial and human resources so that the plans can be implemented.

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Conclusion

Bangladesh as a country with 150 million population has huge potential, despite having many problems. It is very important to create skilled manpower educated in science and technology. Currently, the people of Bangladesh remain far away from using ICT, when the whole world is getting developed with the blessings of ICT. The people of the country face this discrimination only because of economic insolvency. Due to poverty and illiteracy, use of ICT is beyond imagination and some of them consider it nothing but mere a fashion. Despite having a lot of interest, most of the population remains out of the access of ICT because of high price. In the era of globalization, ICT is a cross-cutting issue as well as an essential tool for economic development. It can play an important role in creating employment, raising work skills and production. It can contain corruption and attain social development. The adoption of ICT can bring corruption-free, citizen-centric and forward-looking governance in the country. The life and livelihood of a large number of populations, especially those living in rural areas, cannot be developed without utilizing the ICT scope for them.

If technology combined with essential social-development programmes that bring measurable improvements to Bangladesh's rural inhabitants, the result would be a major advance for the country.

Recommendations • A technology friendly government policy which will knot all the strings of

development at one point.

• As soon as the internet penetration is getting higher the current 2.5/2.75 G mobile

network would not be sufficient for the services. So government should soon

introduce the next generation technology.

• To reach the expectation of the subscribers, the WiMAX service should be

cheaper.

• Price of WiMAX enabled devices should be reduced.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Class Lecture of S I Nusrat A. Chowdhury 2. Internet and Data Communication Infrastructure in Bangladesh.

S. M. Lutful Kabir, PhD. Professor, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

3. E-Governance Discourse: Bangladesh reality- Md. Anwarul Kabir 4. Mobile Broadband Brought to You by WiMAX-‘Intel’ publication. 5. www.myportablearena.com 6. www.wirelessbangladesh.blogspot.com 7. www.researchsea.com