wind energy in hawaii

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Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. Wind Energy in Hawaii UHM Renewable Energy and Island Sustainability September 2009

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Art Seki from HECO describes HECO's experiences with wind energy installations in the State, starting as early as the 1970's. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-09-24.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Wind Energy in Hawaii

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Wind Energy in Hawaii

UHMRenewable Energy and Island Sustainability

September 2009

Page 2: Wind Energy in Hawaii

2Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Presentation Topics

• Resource and technology• Wind development in Hawaii• Issues • Future activities

Page 3: Wind Energy in Hawaii

3Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Wind Description and Considerations

• Wind power

– Conversion of wind’s kinetic energy into electricity

• Considerations

– Strong, steady winds from 15 mph

– Average land intensity (7-40 acres per MW)

– Low turbulence

– Flat area if possible

– Clear of obstructions

– Suitable crane, harbor access, and site accessibility

Page 4: Wind Energy in Hawaii

4Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Wind Technology Development

Wind energy development in the 1970s to early 1990s led to an optimum wind turbine design

Page 5: Wind Energy in Hawaii

5Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Wind Schematic

Page 6: Wind Energy in Hawaii

6Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Wind Turbine Development

Page 7: Wind Energy in Hawaii

7Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Typical Power Output vs. Wind Speed Curve

Page 8: Wind Energy in Hawaii

8Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Wind Energy Cost

Page 9: Wind Energy in Hawaii

9Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

State High Resolution Wind Density Map

Page 10: Wind Energy in Hawaii

10Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Wind Density Map of Oahu

Page 11: Wind Energy in Hawaii

11Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Kahuku -- Wind Energy ResearchMOD-0A Wind Turbine (1980)

• U.S. Department of Energy/NASA wind demonstration project

• HECO operated MOD-0A for 2 years

• Westinghouse 200 kW design

• Most productive of all 4 MOD-0A installations

• Capacity factor ~36 percent

Page 12: Wind Energy in Hawaii

12Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Kahuku Wind Farm DevelopmentWind Farm, Ltd. (1981)

• 80 MW private wind farm development at Kahuku

• EIS prepared• 20-4 MW wind turbines• 138 kV line from

Wahiawa to Kahuku • Project never

developed

Page 13: Wind Energy in Hawaii

13Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Kahuku Wind FarmWestinghouse Wind Turbines (1985)

• HERS owned and operated from 1985-1993

• 15 - 600 kW Westinghouse turbines

• Production lower than projected• Operation and maintenance was

higher than projected• New World Power owned and

operated from 1993 to 1996 (bankrupt)

• Reverted to landowner, Campbell Estates

• U.S. Army acquiring parcels at Kahuku for training

Page 14: Wind Energy in Hawaii

14Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Kahuku Wind Energy ResearchBoeing Mod-5B Wind Turbine (1987)

• HERS owned and operated from 1987-1993

• 3,200 kW Boeing turbine• World’s largest wind

turbine at the time• Last of federal-sponsored

turbines• Production was lower than

projected

Page 15: Wind Energy in Hawaii

15Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Kahuku Wind FarmU.S. Windpower (1991)

• U.S. Windpower proposed a 15 MW wind farm

• PUC approved power purchase agreement; however at lower price

• U.S. Windpower decided not to pursue

Page 16: Wind Energy in Hawaii

16Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Kaena Point Wind Energy Development (1994)

• Air Force examined (1-2 MW) wind farm development

• DOD funds available for renewable energy development

• Wind turbine solicitation• Draft EA developed for review.

Issues raised related to • Aesthetics• Bird kills• Cultural• Archeological

• Air Force withdrew solicitation--recommended project not be funded

Page 17: Wind Energy in Hawaii

17Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Kahe Wind FarmVisualization – Ko Olina Entrance (2005)

26 wind turbines for 39 MW

Page 18: Wind Energy in Hawaii

18Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Kahe Wind FarmPotential (26 turbines @ 39 MW)

KahePowerPlant Waimanalo Gulch Landfill

Nike Site

Camp Timberline

Meteorological tower

Page 19: Wind Energy in Hawaii

19Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Kahuku Wind FarmMilitary Site (2007)

• Discussions with Army

• Collected 1-yr data on existing communication tower

• Avian radar survey conducted in early 2007

• Awaited Army approval for other met tower and Sodar monitoring

• Army (Wash DC) opted not to pursue

Area of Interest

Page 20: Wind Energy in Hawaii

20Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Wind Density Map of Big Island

Page 21: Wind Energy in Hawaii

21Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Kahua Ranch Wind FarmBig Island (1983)

• Control Data Corporation• 3.4 MW• Phase 1: 18-17.5 kW Jacobs

wind turbines• Phase 2: 180-17.5 kW Jacob

wind turbines• Hawaiian Electric Renewable

Systems (HERS) owned and operated in 1987

• Wind farm shutdown in 1992

Page 22: Wind Energy in Hawaii

22Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Lalamilo Wind FarmBig Island (1985)

• Control Data Corporation

• 2.3 MW• 39-17.5 and 81-20 kW

Jacob wind turbines• HERS owned and

operated from 1987 to 1996

• HELCO asset from 1996

Page 23: Wind Energy in Hawaii

23Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Kama’oa Wind Farm Big Island (1987)

• Apollo Energy Corp.

• 9 MW• 37-250 kW

Mitsubishi wind turbines

• Planned expansion up to 20 MW

Page 24: Wind Energy in Hawaii

24Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Hawi Wind FarmBig Island (2006)

• Hawi Renewable Development (HRD)

• 10.56 MW wind farm• 16 wind turbines

(Vestas V47 - 660 kW)

• 241 ft. turbine height (ground to blade tip)

• Operational in May 2006

Page 25: Wind Energy in Hawaii

25Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Pakini Nui Wind FarmBig Island (2007)

• Re-power to 20.5 MW

• 14 wind turbines• GE 1.5 MW• 380 ft. turbine

height (ground to blade tip)

• Operational in April 2007

Page 26: Wind Energy in Hawaii

26Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Wind Density Map of Maui

Page 27: Wind Energy in Hawaii

27Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Maui Wind Energy DevelopmentWindane Wind Turbine (1984)

• Danish Pacific Windpower owned and operated

• MECO hosted 340 kW wind

turbine demonstration• MECO later purchased the unit (1989)• Dismantled due to structural problems

(1991)

Page 28: Wind Energy in Hawaii

28Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Maui Wind Energy Development(1984, 2002)

• 10 MW private wind farm development in Kapalua (1984)

– Power purchase agreement (PUC approved)

– Problems in obtaining financing and land lease

– Power purchase agreement terminated (1989)

• Future 20 MW private wind farm development in Kaheawa (2001)

Page 29: Wind Energy in Hawaii

29Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Kaheawa Wind FarmMaui (2006)

• First Wind (formerly UPC)

• 30 MW • 20 wind

turbines • GE 1.5 MW

wind turbines• ~300 ft. turbine

height (ground to blade tip)

Page 30: Wind Energy in Hawaii

30Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Auwahi Wind Farm – Maui (Future)

• Shell WindEnergy development

• ~40 MW• Ulupalakua

Ranch

Page 31: Wind Energy in Hawaii

31Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Molokai Wind Energy DevelopmentVestas Wind Turbines (1991)

• 1 MW private wind farm development on Molokai

• Wind-Diesel wind farm demonstration

– 3-100 kW Vestas wind turbines

– 1-100 kW diesel generator• Electronic problems due to

possible lighting strike (1994)• Power purchase agreement

terminated (1997)

Page 32: Wind Energy in Hawaii

32Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Wind Challenges

• Regulating units are worked harder to maintain system stability

• Ride through for faults and frequency upsets

• Excess wind energy leads to curtailments• Wind projects must be located where wind

resource is (site availability, access, transmission/interconnection issues)

Page 33: Wind Energy in Hawaii

33Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Actual HELCO Frequency Scenario

HRD wind farm output

Apollo wind farm output

System frequency

Wind speed

Limited wind

farm output

Frequency stabilized

April 2007

Page 34: Wind Energy in Hawaii

34Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Facilitate Integration of Intermittent RE Resources

• Wind integration studies (GE)

• Electronic shock absorber

• Bulk energy storage evaluations

• Pumped storage hydro assessments (Big Island and Maui)

Address integration issues to allow for increased intermittent renewable

Page 35: Wind Energy in Hawaii

35Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

HECO 100 MW Renewable Energy RFP

• Sept 2007 - SOI

• Feb 2008 - Draft RFP

• Mar 2008 - Technical Conference

• Jun 2008 - Final RFP

• Jul 2008 - Bidders Conference

• Sept 2008 – Bids Due

• Dec 2008 – Short List

• Aug 2009 - Award

Shell WindEnergy

Page 36: Wind Energy in Hawaii

36Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Big Wind to Oahu

Lanai• Castle &

Cooke• 200 MW• Undersea

cable to Oahu

Molokai• First Wind• 200 MW• Undersea cable to Oahu

Page 37: Wind Energy in Hawaii

37Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Wind Density Map of Maui

Page 38: Wind Energy in Hawaii

38Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Summary

• Everyone has a part to play– HECO– Businesses– Government– Individuals

• No one can do it alone

Page 39: Wind Energy in Hawaii

39Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

QUESTIONS?

[email protected]

543-7987