Group• Topic Wind Power Generation

• Noman Aslam Roll No 56• Jahanzaib Bilal Roll No 97• Shahid Ameen Roll No 100• Muhammad Shahzaib Roll No 98

INTRODUCTION OF WIND POWER GENERATION

•My Name Is Noman Aslam Roll No 56.

•My Topic Is

Wind Power

WIND POWER1) Wind power is extracted from air flow using wind turbines or sails to produce mechanical or electrical power. Wind power as an alternative to fossil fuels. It is clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, and uses little land.2) Wind farms consist of many individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric network.3) Wind is an inexpensive source of electricity, competitive with or in many places cheaper than coal, gas or fossil fuel plants

WIND POWER

•   Usually sites are pre-selected on the basis of a wind atlas, and validated with on site wind measurements.• Wind generators are practical where the average wind

speed is 4.5 m/s or greater.• Since wind speed is not constant, the annual energy

production of a wind converter is dependent on the capacity factor.• A well sited wind generator will have a capacity factor of

about 35%. This compares to typical capacity factors of 90% for nuclear plants, 70% for coal plants, and 30% for thermal plants.

WIND POWER

• Wind power is very consistent from year to year but has significant variation over shorter time scales.• Wind energy production is growing rapidly and has reached around 4% of worldwide electricity usage.•  Wind energy is used to turn mechanical machinery to do physical work, such as crushing grain or pumping water

HISTORY OF WIND POWER GENERATION

• My Name Is Jahanzaib Bilal Roll No 97.

• My Topic Is

Wind Power

WIND POWER

• The first windmill used for the production of electricity was built in Scotland in July 1887 by Prof James Blyth of Anderson's College.• Blyth's 10 m high, cloth-sailed wind turbine was installed in the garden of his holiday cottage at Marykirk in Kincardineshire and was used to charge accumulators developed by the Frenchman Camille Alphonse Faure, to power the lighting in the cottage, thus making it the first house in the world to have its electricity supplied by wind power.

WIND POWER

• A larger and heavily engineered machine was designed and constructed in the winter of 1887-1888 by Charles F. Brush.

• The Brush wind turbine had a rotor 17 m (56 foot) in diameter and was mounted on an 18 m (60 foot) tower.

• Although large by today's standards, the machine was only rated at 12 kW.

• Wind power found new applications in lighting buildings remote from centrally-generated power. Throughout the 20th century parallel paths developed small wind stations suitable for farms or residences.

WIND POWER

• A wind farm is a group of wind turbines in the same location used for production of electricity. • A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines distributed over an extended area, but the land between the turbines may be used for agricultural or other purposes.• In a wind farm, individual turbines are interconnected with a medium voltage (often 34.5 kV).

TURBINE DESIGN OF WIND POWER GENERATION

• My Name Is Muhammad Shahzaib Roll No 98.

• My Topic Is

Wind Power

WIND POWER

1-Foundation, 2-Connection to the electric grid, 3-Tower, 4-Access ladder, 5-Wind orientation control (Yaw control), 6-Nacelle, 7-Generator, 8-Anemometer, 9-Electric or Mechanical Brake, 10-Gearbox, 11-Rotor blade, 12-Blade pitch control, 13-Rotor hub.

WIND POWER

• Wind turbines are devices that convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical power.

• The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power.

• Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms.• In 1919 the German physicist Albert Betz showed that for a

hypothetical ideal wind-energy extraction machine, the fundamental laws of conservation of mass and energy allowed no more than 16/27 (59.3%) of the kinetic energy of the wind to be captured. This Betz limit can be approached in modern turbine designs, which may reach 70 to 80% of the theoretical Betz limit.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS & ENERGY OF WIND POWER

GENERATION

• My Name Is Shahid Ameen Roll No 100.

• My Topic Is

Wind Power

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

• Wind turbines have some of the lowest global warming potential per unit of electrical energy generated.

• While a wind farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture are compatible with it.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are around other artificial structures.

• Wind turbines generate some noise. At a residential distance of 300 meters (980 ft.) this may be around 45 dB, which is slightly louder than a refrigerator. At 1 mile (1.6 km).

Wind Power

• Wind energy is the kinetic energy of air in motion, also called wind.• Total wind energy flowing through with area A during the time t .• Power is energy per unit time, so the wind power incident

on A (e.g. equal to the rotor area of a wind turbine).• Wind power in an open air stream is thus proportional to the third

power of the wind speed; the available power increases eightfold when the wind speed doubles.

• Wind is the movement of air across the surface of the Earth.• The global wind kinetic energy averaged approximately 1.50

MJ/m2 over the period from 1979 to 2010, 1.31 MJ/m2 in the Northern Hemisphere with 1.70 MJ/m2 in the Southern Hemisphere.

WIND POWER

Wind Energy