WIND POWERWIND POWER

HISTORYHISTORY

Greece, a marine nation, has always known the value of wind. From ancient times it begun harnessing its force in order to explore, conquer or just commerce with other people in the Mediterranean.

It was also early It was also early learned that learned that the the price one pays price one pays when there is no when there is no wind blowing or wind blowing or when there’s too when there’s too much wind much wind (Odysseus).(Odysseus).

And of course we had And of course we had a god a god to account for to account for the comings and the comings and goings of this goings of this uncontrollable, at uncontrollable, at some points, force. Our some points, force. Our ancestors believed ancestors believed that God Aiolos, the that God Aiolos, the wind keeper, resided wind keeper, resided on the island of Aeolia, on the island of Aeolia, where he kept the where he kept the winds in a cave and at winds in a cave and at ZeusZeus’’s command he s command he released or summoned released or summoned them back.them back.

The electric utility The electric utility (Public Power (Public Power Corporation - PPC) Corporation - PPC) built its first wind built its first wind installation as early installation as early as 1983 on the as 1983 on the Greek island of Greek island of Kythnos, one of the Kythnos, one of the first (if not the first) first (if not the first) wind parks in the wind parks in the world. world.

WIND TURBINESWIND TURBINES How do wind turbines How do wind turbines

make electricity? make electricity? Simply stated, a wind Simply stated, a wind turbine works the turbine works the opposite of a fan. opposite of a fan. Instead of using Instead of using electricity to make electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to turbines use wind to make electricity. The make electricity. The wind turns the blades, wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which spin a shaft, which connects to a which connects to a generator and makes generator and makes electricity.electricity.

Anemometer:Anemometer: Measures Measures the wind speed and the wind speed and transmits wind speed transmits wind speed data to the controllerdata to the controller..

BladesBlades : :Most turbines Most turbines have either two or three have either two or three blades. Wind blowing blades. Wind blowing over the blades causes over the blades causes the blades to "lift" and the blades to "lift" and rotate. rotate.

BrakeBrake: A disc brake, : A disc brake, which can be applied which can be applied mechanically, mechanically, electrically, or electrically, or hydraulically to stop the hydraulically to stop the rotor in emergenciesrotor in emergencies . .

Controller:Controller: The The controller starts up the controller starts up the machine at wind speeds machine at wind speeds of about 8 to 16 miles of about 8 to 16 miles per hour (mph) and per hour (mph) and shuts off the machine at shuts off the machine at about 55 mph. windsabout 55 mph. winds

Gear boxGear box: : Gears Gears connect the low-speed connect the low-speed shaft to the high-speed shaft to the high-speed shaft and increase the shaft and increase the rotational speeds from rotational speeds from about 30 to 60 rotations about 30 to 60 rotations per minute (rpm) to per minute (rpm) to about 1000 to 1800 about 1000 to 1800 rpm, the rotational rpm, the rotational speed required by most speed required by most generators to produce generators to produce electricityelectricity. .

Generator:Generator: Usually an off-Usually an off-the-shelf induction the-shelf induction generator that produces generator that produces 60-cycle AC electricity.60-cycle AC electricity.

High-speed shaftHigh-speed shaft: Drives : Drives the generatorthe generator

Low-speed shaftLow-speed shaft: The : The rotor turns the low-speed rotor turns the low-speed shaft at about 30 to 60 shaft at about 30 to 60 rotations per minuterotations per minute

Nacelle:Nacelle: The nacelle sits The nacelle sits atop the tower and atop the tower and contains the gear box, contains the gear box, low- and high-speed low- and high-speed shafts, generator, shafts, generator, controller, and brake. controller, and brake. Some nacelles are large Some nacelles are large enough for a helicopter to enough for a helicopter to land on. land on.

PitchPitch: Blades are : Blades are turned, or pitched, out turned, or pitched, out of the wind to control of the wind to control the rotor speed and the rotor speed and keep the rotor from keep the rotor from turning in winds that turning in winds that are too high or too low are too high or too low to produce electricityto produce electricity

RotorRotor: The blades and : The blades and the hub together are the hub together are called the rotor.called the rotor.

Tower:Tower: Towers are Towers are made from tubular steel made from tubular steel (shown here), concrete, (shown here), concrete, or steel lattice. or steel lattice.

Wind directionWind direction: This is an : This is an "upwind" turbine, so-called "upwind" turbine, so-called because it operates facing because it operates facing into the wind. Other into the wind. Other turbines are designed to turbines are designed to run "downwind," facing run "downwind," facing away from the wind. away from the wind.

Wind vaneWind vane: Measures wind : Measures wind direction and direction and communicates with the yaw communicates with the yaw drive to orient the turbine drive to orient the turbine properly with respect to the properly with respect to the wind.wind.

Yaw driveYaw drive: Upwind turbines : Upwind turbines

face into the wind; the yaw face into the wind; the yaw drive is used to keep the drive is used to keep the rotor facing into the wind rotor facing into the wind as the wind direction as the wind direction changes changes

Yaw motorYaw motor: Powers the yaw : Powers the yaw drive. drive.

CURRENT SITUATION IN CURRENT SITUATION IN EUROPEEUROPE

Germany 23,903 MWGermany 23,903 MW Spain 16,754 MWSpain 16,754 MW Italy 3736 MWItaly 3736 MW France 3,404 MWFrance 3,404 MW United Kingdom 3,241 MWUnited Kingdom 3,241 MW Denmark (& Faroe Islands) 3,180 MWDenmark (& Faroe Islands) 3,180 MW Portugal 2,862 MWPortugal 2,862 MW Netherlands 2,225 MWNetherlands 2,225 MW Sweden 1,021 MWSweden 1,021 MW Ireland 1,002 MWIreland 1,002 MW Austria 995 MWAustria 995 MW Greece 985 MWGreece 985 MW

C umulative ins talled wind power c apac ity in 2008 per c ountry (MW)

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herla

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C umulative ins talled c apac ity 2004 - 2008 per c ountry (MW)

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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

SUMMARY OF THE WIND SUMMARY OF THE WIND INDUSTRY TARGETINDUSTRY TARGET

BY 2020BY 2020

EWEA target for wind power in Europe by 2020

Installed capacity . . . . 180 GWElectricity output . . . . 500 TWhEmissions saving. . . . .370 million tonnes CO2Share of EU CO2 reduction target . . . 36 %Share of EU electricity supply . . . . . . 13-16 %

Wind Power until Wind Power until 20082008

980 MW980 MW

Wind turbines from Nafplio, Greece

GreeceGreeceCurrent situation:Current situation:

Greek Target forGreek Target for 2020 2020

Wind powerWind power

At list At list 10.000 MW 10.000 MW untiluntil 2020 2020

GREEK WIND PARKGREEK WIND PARKIN NAFPLIOIN NAFPLIO

Wind park Wind park ``SAMPALES````SAMPALES``

16 MW 16 MW on Atheres on Atheres

mountain in mountain in Argolida.Argolida.

REFERENCESREFERENCES

http://www.eletaen.gr/index.php?http://www.eletaen.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=27option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=27

http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/statistics/Cumulative_wind_per_ms_1998_2008_for_website.xlsstatistics/Cumulative_wind_per_ms_1998_2008_for_website.xls

http://www.eletaen.gr/Documents/laws/http://www.eletaen.gr/Documents/laws/protaseis_eletaen_gia_mes.pdfprotaseis_eletaen_gia_mes.pdf

http://images.google.gr/imgres?imgurl=http://http://images.google.gr/imgres?imgurl=http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/images/www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/images/illust_large_turbine.gif&imgrefurl=http://www1.eere.energy.gov/illust_large_turbine.gif&imgrefurl=http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/windandhydro/wind_how.html&usg=__3byUgfEwMApD99MDIScRpUHW6S8=&h=wind_how.html&usg=__3byUgfEwMApD99MDIScRpUHW6S8=&h=376&w=469&sz=55&hl=el&start=11&sig2=Ikl6Mm5QpDwz0nRO376&w=469&sz=55&hl=el&start=11&sig2=Ikl6Mm5QpDwz0nROG6mP4g&um=1&tbnid=y4fLKYfExYJD6M:&tbnh=103&tbnw=128&G6mP4g&um=1&tbnid=y4fLKYfExYJD6M:&tbnh=103&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwind%2Bpower%2Banimation%26hl%3Delprev=/images%3Fq%3Dwind%2Bpower%2Banimation%26hl%3Del%26sa%3DX%26um%3D1&ei=8fi1SuG1GIHqmgP9z4zUDw%26sa%3DX%26um%3D1&ei=8fi1SuG1GIHqmgP9z4zUDw

http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/publications/WD/2007_June/wd-june-review.pdfpublications/WD/2007_June/wd-june-review.pdf