wind studies using sodar technologytriton by secondwind low power consumption operates in adverse...

Wind Studies Using Sodar TechnologyWhere is all the wind?

Ralph L. NicholsWind Energy Program Manager

Georgetown Rotary

Georgetown, SC

2Environmental Sciences & Biotechnology Directorate

Mission•Advance the sustainable development of offshore renewable energy to include wind and hydrokinetic resources.•First proposal 2005•First grant, State of South Carolina 2007, $0.4M•USDoE Office of EERE sets goal of 20% of electricity from wind by 2030, 2008•SEP-NETL grant 2008, SC Roadmap to Gigawatt-Scale Coastal Clean Energy Generation:Transmission, Regulation, Demonstration•Drivetrain team wins $45M for test facility, with $45M in-kind from SC•October 2010 USDoI signs first lease for offshore wins farm, CapeWind


Partners

Savannah RiverNational Laboratory

CURI DrivetrainTest Facility

BaruchInstitute

Coastal CarolinaUniversity

Santee Cooper

Clemson University

SC Energy Office

USCG


“Thinking differently”

Storage = capacity resource, dispatchable

Btu/(m/s)Depending on temp and pressure

Non-dispatchable

Weather dependent

Wind

Btu/kgDispatchable

(capacity resource)

Nuclear

Btu/kgDispatchable

(capacity resource)

Coal

FutureEnergyAvailabilityFuel


10001051282166644

3

3

3

3

Wind Power

speedwindUrotorofareaA

densityairUAPower

3***5.0


Wind Shear

Surface roughness

Wind speed increases with height

Increase varies depending on site conditions

Groundcover

Topography

Typical wind turbine has a hub height of 40m – 80m

Measure wind speed at difference heights

01

02

1

2

lnln

zzzz

zUzU


Not Your Dad’s Windmill


Power Curve

Wind speed histogram

3000 kW wind turbine

Power generation begins at 4 m/s

Double wind speed (5 –10 m/s), results in a 900% increase in power output

Typical 3MW Offshore Wind Turbine

Wind Speed (m/s)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Freq

uenc

y (%

)

0

2

4

6

8

10

Pow

er O

utpu

t (kW

)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500


Objective

Accelerate acceptance of Sodar data as “bankable”for use in obtaining financing of wind farm projects

Currently accepted technology is expensive to perform offshore due to construction costs.

Hub height measurements using accepted technology requires FAA permit due to the height of the towers.

Assess South Carolina coastal and offshore wind energy resource


Wind Monitoring

Prospecting

Wind farm design

Project Financing

Operation

Forecasting

Maintenance

Wind speed

Wind direction

Turbulence

Temperature

Barometeric pressure

Why? What?


Monitoring Network

Winyah BaySodar

Met Tower

Waites IslandMet Tower

North Myrtle Beach

Georgetown

Buoy transect

Buoy transect


Measuring Wind Speed

Anemometer, wind vaneRequires tower

>200ft needs FAA permit

Multiple heightsWind shear

Multiple sensorsShadowing

Require maintenance

CupRotation speed correlated to wind speed

Data recorder


Buoys

Interactively coupled model of ocean-atmosphere interactions

WRF (atmosphere), ROMS (ocean), SWAN (waves)

Nested models increase grid resolution from 8km to 1km


Remote Sensing

SodarCoastal, Offshore

SecondWind Triton

Baruch Institute

Santee Cooper

Increase fidelity of vertical profile

Environmental Sciences & Biotechnology Directorate

20m

0

80

40

20

60

100

180

140

120

160160

200

Wind Speed

Hei

ght (

m)

Met Tower SodarWind Turbine


Sodar

Triton by SecondWind

Low power consumption

Operates in adverse weather conditions

Robust online data analysis package

Small (6’x6’x4’) and portable

Rugged

Designed for wind power assessments


Measuring Wind Speed

SodarSound detection and ranging“Chirp” of sound emitted from a phased array of transceiversReflected sound collected by transceivers array

Different air densities at different heights

Data analyzed to determine wind speed and direction (horizontal and vertical) at 11 different heights, up to 200m


Sodar Testing

Coastal

Offshore

Validate with Met tower


Sodar DemonstrationOffshore

August 2010

SecondWind TritonU.S Coast Guard



Model Validation

North Myrtle Beach

1.6km offshore

5 km offshore

Winyah Bay

1.6km offshore

5 km offshore

Coastal Carolina University, N. C State

Interactively coupled model of ocean-atmosphere interactions

WRF (atmosphere), ROMS (ocean), SWAN (waves)

Nested models increase grid resolution from 8km to 1km


Wind Profile Transects

Model Output

Distance offshore (km)

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

Aev

erag

e An

nual

Win

d Sp

eed

(m/s

)

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

North Myrtle Beach @ 100mNorth Myrtle Beach @ 10mWinyah Bay @ 100mWinyah Bay @ 10m

Annual Average


Wind Speed Histograms

Winyah Bay, 8km offshore

Wind Speed @ 100m (m/s)0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Annu

al F

requ

ency

(%)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Cum

ulat

ive

Annu

al F

requ

ency

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100

FrequencyCumulative

North Myrtle Beach, 8 km offshore

Wind Speed @ 100m (m/s)0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Annu

al F

requ

ency

(%)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Cum

ulat

ive

Annu

al F

requ

ency

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100

FrequencyCumulative


Wind Energy Production

3MW Offshore Wind TurbineHub @ 100m, 112m rotor diameter

11700 MW/yr production per wind turbine

39% Net Capacity Factor


Institute for Offshore Renewable Energy Development

Pilot test, 80MW

Test stand


South CarolinaOffshore Energy Park

Georgetown

SodarDopplerLidar

0 2.5 5km

10 km

50m Met tower


Summary

Horns Rev

Wind power varies with the cube of wind speed

Distribution of wind speed must be measured at a potential wind farm site

Offshore met towers are expensive and are not typically built to the height of the wind turbine

Acceptance of remote sensing data as “bankable” will reduce the cost of wind power assessments and accelerate offshore wind power development

wind studies using sodar technologytriton by secondwind low power consumption operates in adverse...

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