windam technology workshop sept 1-3, 2009 windamb-e (windows dam analysis modules)
TRANSCRIPT
WINDAM Technology Workshop
Sept 1-3, 2009
WINDAMb-eWINDAMb-e(Windows Dam Analysis Modules)(Windows Dam Analysis Modules)
WINDAMb: Breach evaluation of WINDAMb: Breach evaluation of homogeneous embankmenthomogeneous embankment Failure of the slope protection is beginning Failure of the slope protection is beginning
point for breach erosion computationspoint for breach erosion computations Breach resulting from overtoppingBreach resulting from overtopping Single breach evaluatedSingle breach evaluated Four stage process Four stage process
• Option of two headcut migration models Option of two headcut migration models Erosion and discharge stage dependentErosion and discharge stage dependent Breach timing and outflow predictedBreach timing and outflow predicted
WINDAM PROGRESSIONWINDAM PROGRESSION
WINDAMb: Breach evaluation of WINDAMb: Breach evaluation of homogeneous embankmenthomogeneous embankment Supporting Research and DevelopmentSupporting Research and Development
Laboratory – physical modelingLaboratory – physical modeling Data Sets – Failure case historiesData Sets – Failure case histories Algorithms – computational model developmentAlgorithms – computational model development Model ComparisonsModel Comparisons Computational Model – Code & InterfaceComputational Model – Code & Interface
Development & Development & Testing Testing
WINDAM PROGRESSIONWINDAM PROGRESSION
Algorithms
Phase 1 Failure Headcut DevelopmentHeadcut Migration Widening Discharge
Data Sets ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data
Model Comparisons
SIMBA
WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach
Computer Models
NWS Breach,HR Breach,FireFox, & others
Laboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Steep Channel StudiesLaboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Algorithms
Phase 1 Failure Headcut DevelopmentHeadcut Migration Widening Discharge
Data Sets ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data
Model Comparisons
SIMBA
WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach
Computer Models
NWS Breach,HR Breach,FireFox, & others
Laboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Laboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Flume Tests
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
1
2
3
4
5
6
Head
cut M
igratio
n (m
)
Time (h)
dX/dt=0.83 m/h
Algorithms
Phase 1 Failure Headcut DevelopmentHeadcut Migration Widening Discharge
Data Sets ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data
Model Comparisons
SIMBA
WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach
Computer Models
NWS Breach,HR Breach,FireFox, & others
Laboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Laboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Overtopping Failure Studies
Algorithms
Phase 1 Failure Headcut DevelopmentHeadcut Migration Widening Discharge
Data Sets ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data
Model Comparisons
SIMBA
WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach
Computer Models
NWS Breach,HR Breach,FireFox, & others
Laboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Laboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Erodibility Measurement
Algorithms
Phase 1 Failure Headcut DevelopmentHeadcut Migration Widening Discharge
Model Comparisons
SIMBA
WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach
Computer Models
NWS Breach,HR Breach,FireFox, & others
Laboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Data Sets ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data
Data Sets ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data
Data Sets ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data
Algorithms
Phase 1 Failure Headcut DevelopmentHeadcut Migration Widening Discharge
Model Comparisons
SIMBA
WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach
Computer Models
NWS Breach,HR Breach,FireFox, & others
Laboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Data Sets ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data
Data Sets ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data
Data Sets ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data
Historical Case Study Data
Algorithms
Phase 1 Failure Headcut DevelopmentHeadcut Migration Widening Discharge
Model Comparisons
SIMBA
WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach
Computer Models
NWS Breach,HR Breach,FireFox, & others
Laboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Data Sets
ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data
AlgorithmsPhase 1 Failure Headcut DevelopmentHeadcut Migration Widening Discharge
Headcut Migration
dX/dtdX/dt
Two Headcut Migration ModelsTwo Headcut Migration Models
Stress BasedStress Based• dX/dt = HkdX/dt = Hkdd((ee – – cc)/[2E)/[2Evv]]
Energy BasedEnergy Based• dX/dt = C(qH)dX/dt = C(qH)1/31/3
Algorithms
Phase 1 Failure Headcut DevelopmentHeadcut Migration Widening Discharge
Model Comparisons
SIMBA
WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach
Computer Models
NWS Breach,HR Breach,FireFox, & others
Laboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Data Sets ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data
SIMBA
WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach
Computer Models
SIMBA
PhilosophyPhilosophy Use Use fundamentalfundamental relations to represent the relations to represent the
dominant physical processesdominant physical processes Evaluate/validate and refine relations and Evaluate/validate and refine relations and
algorithms as appropriate from laboratory tests algorithms as appropriate from laboratory tests and available data (Avoid calibration: focus on and available data (Avoid calibration: focus on fundamental processes)fundamental processes)
Formulate in terms of parameters available for Formulate in terms of parameters available for field use (material parameters are key)field use (material parameters are key)
WHAT IS SIMBA?WHAT IS SIMBA?
Algorithms
Phase 1 Failure Headcut DevelopmentHeadcut Migration Widening Discharge
Model Comparisons
SIMBA
WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach
Computer Models
NWS Breach,HR Breach,FireFox, & others
Laboratory
Steep Channel
EmbankmentBreach WideningDischarge Model
Flume Tests
Erodibility
Data Sets ARS Lab Data
Case StudiesAdditional Data SIMBA
WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach
Computer Models
EROSION COMPUTATIONSEROSION COMPUTATIONS
Four stage processFour stage process Development of a headcut on downstream Development of a headcut on downstream
slopeslope Advance of the headcut through the crestAdvance of the headcut through the crest Advance of the headcut into the reservoirAdvance of the headcut into the reservoir Widening during drawdown Widening during drawdown
1) HEADCUT FORMATION1) HEADCUT FORMATION
2) HEADCUT ADVANCE (through crest)
3) HEADCUT ADVANCE (into reservoir)
4) BREACH WIDENING
4 STAGE Breach Erosion Model
Key Embankment Erosion Processes
Surface Detachment Surface Detachment Impinging Jet Scour Impinging Jet Scour
Widening Widening
dY/dtdY/dtdY/dtdY/dt
dW/dtdW/dt
Headcut Migration Headcut Migration
dX/dtdX/dt
WINDAM DEVELOPMENT PLANSWINDAM DEVELOPMENT PLANS
WINDAMc: Breach evaluation of WINDAMc: Breach evaluation of homogeneous embankment expanded.homogeneous embankment expanded. Breach resulting from Breach resulting from internal erosion.internal erosion. Single breach evaluatedSingle breach evaluated Erosion and discharge stage dependentErosion and discharge stage dependent Breach timing and outflow predictedBreach timing and outflow predicted
Causes of Dam FailuresCauses of Dam Failures Percentage Percentage
Overtopping & SpillwayOvertopping & Spillway 23 - 52%23 - 52%
Piping/Seepage/Internal ErosionPiping/Seepage/Internal Erosion 25 - 44%25 - 44%
SlidesSlides 2 - 15% 2 - 15%
MiscellaneousMiscellaneous 9 - 40% 9 - 40%
(Vijay Singh - “Dam Breach Modeling Technology” 1993)(Vijay Singh - “Dam Breach Modeling Technology” 1993)
Internal Erosion Failure Studies
Water Content %
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
k d (c
m3 /N
-s)
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Soil 1st TestSoil 2nd TestSoil 3rd Test
WINDAM DEVELOPMENT PLANSWINDAM DEVELOPMENT PLANS
WINDAMd: Breach evaluation expandedWINDAMd: Breach evaluation expanded Potential failure initiation at toe, berms, and Potential failure initiation at toe, berms, and
groins. groins. Alternative embankment slope protection Alternative embankment slope protection
materials (i.e. blocks, reinforced vegetation)materials (i.e. blocks, reinforced vegetation)
WINDAM DEVELOPMENT PLANSWINDAM DEVELOPMENT PLANS
WINDAMe: Breach evaluation expandedWINDAMe: Breach evaluation expanded Breach evaluation of Multiple materials in Breach evaluation of Multiple materials in
zoned embankment due to overtopping/ zoned embankment due to overtopping/ internal erosion.internal erosion.
WINDAM TIMELINEWINDAM TIMELINE
WINWINdows dows DDam am AAnalysis nalysis MModules (WINDAM) is a modular odules (WINDAM) is a modular software application, being developed for analysis of earth software application, being developed for analysis of earth embankments. embankments.
The development is being carried out in stages:The development is being carried out in stages: WINDAMa (alpha spr. 2006, beta fall 2006)WINDAMa (alpha spr. 2006, beta fall 2006) WINDAMa+ (alpha fall 2007, beta spr. 2008)WINDAMa+ (alpha fall 2007, beta spr. 2008) WINDAMb (alpha smr. 2009, beta wntr. 2009)WINDAMb (alpha smr. 2009, beta wntr. 2009) WINDAMc (alpha smr. 2011, beta spr. 2012)WINDAMc (alpha smr. 2011, beta spr. 2012) WINDAMd (alpha fall 2013, beta spr. 2014)WINDAMd (alpha fall 2013, beta spr. 2014) WINDAMe (alpha fall 2015, beta spr. 2016WINDAMe (alpha fall 2015, beta spr. 2016