Old Mutual SuperFund How to wind up an estate

(Steps to follow when a loved one dies)

How to wind up an estateLosing a partner or a spouse is traumatic enough, but being unprepared for the practical financial realities of death

can make it all the more devastating. The only thing that can be said for the process of winding up an estate is that it follows a predictable pattern, so you can put plans in place that will make life - if not death - easier to handle.

While words such as estate and executor sound dauntingly formal and distant from the trauma of death, the sequence of events is laid down in law and the process should be reasonably straightforward in the hands of a professional.

The executor is the key person in this process, responsible for managing the estate professionally and efficiently. Once appointed by the Master of the High Court, in terms of a valid will, the executors functions are to:

Takecontroloftheassetsoftheestate;

Protectandpreservetheassets;

Identifythebeneficiariesoftheestate;

Makesuretheadministrationcomplieswithalllegalrequirements;

Paythedebtsandtheadministrationexpensesoftheestate;

Dealwiththefinalincometaxreturnofthedeceased;and

Distributethebalanceoftheassetsintheestatetothebeneficiaries.

The executor could be an individual, such as a family member, or a company, such as a bank or trust company. It could also be a joint appointment, for example, a spouse with a trust company to provide the expertise.

An executor is entitled by law to a maximum fee of 3.5% (excl. VAT) of the value of the assets in the estate. If there is more than one executor, they have to share the fee. Generally, a family member who is nominated as co-executor would forfeit his/her share of the fee in favour of the professional executor who does the work.

The entire administration process is supervised and validated by the Master of the High Court to ensure that the

rights of the beneficiaries are protected. Although estates may be relatively simple or complex, depending on

assets and liabilities involved, the process of winding up an estate remains the same as shown in the following 7 steps.

Step 1: At death

Your first step is to approach the funeralhome, which will guide you through the process of arranging the funeral and will obtain the death certificate on your behalf. The funeral is usually the first cost you face. You should expect

to pay at least R8 000 for the most modest funeral, and you are likely to be offered a 10% discount for paying upfront.

If you pay, you can claim the cost from the deceaseds estate. If you cannot afford the outlay, you can arrange for the funeral home to submit the invoice to the executor for payment. By the time the deathcertificateis issued you should have established whether or not awillexists, and have put the deceaseds papers and documents in order.

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2Step 2: Gather information

Sometime in the next 2 to 6 weeks, you should have a preliminary meeting with the executor who was named in the will, or, if you are the executor and need professional help, the co-executor you have appointed to assist you. The duties of the executor at this stage are to obtain the will and check its validity, establish who are the beneficiaries, and get a rough idea of the assets and liabilities of the estate.

When you go to the first meeting with the executor, you should take with you the bank account details, accounts,title-deedstoproperties, insurancepolicydocumentsand anyotherdocuments you can find that pertain to the financial affairs of the deceased.

Step 3: Make it official

The nominated executor applies to the MasteroftheHighCourt to be formally appointed and to be granted the necessary powers to administer the estate. This procedure can take up to 6 weeks, depending on which of the nine Masters Offices in South Africa is

involved.

Step 4: Spread the word

Once the executor is in receipt of the Letter of Executorship from the

Masters office, one of the executors first steps is to advertisethe

estateso that any creditors (people or organisations owed money by the estate) can become aware of the need to register their claims. You can expect this to take up to 8 weeks from the persons death.

Advertisements must be placed in the Government Gazette and a local newspaper. Creditors have 30 days from the date of the publication of

the advertisements to lodge any claims against the estate.

Step 5: Final accounting

Over the next 5 to 10 weeks, the executor prepares the LiquidationandDistributionaccount(also known as the L&Daccount). Here the executor accounts for all the assets and liabilities in the estate, sets out the names of the beneficiaries and what their inheritance is in terms of the will, as well as the income and expenditure

incurred by the estate from the deceaseds date of death.

The executor submits the L&D account, together with supporting documents and vouchers (if the estate is subject to estate duty), to the Master of the High Court. The Master of the High Court requires that the executor file an

L&D account within6months of the date of death. If it is not possible to have a first L&D account ready within this period, the executor has to submit a request to the Master for an extension.

If the Master has queries regarding the account, he submits them to the executor, who has to respond within a

certain time period. The executor must receive and respond to the Masters enquiry before the Master gives

approval for the account to be advertised. The executor submits the deceaseds final tax return to the Receiver of

Revenue at the same time.

Step 6: Public perusal

Next, the L&D account must be advertisedintheGovernmentGazetteand alocalnewspaperand made available for inspection for 21 days at the Masters Office and at the Magistrates Office in the district where the

deceased lived. Anyone can ask to see it. The beneficiaries also have the opportunity to review the account before

it is finally approved by the Master.

If a second L&D account has to be filed, the executor has to go through the same process to make it available to

the public.

If no objections are lodged against the L&D account, the Master will confirm to the executor that the assets may

be distributed to the beneficiaries.

Step 7: Distribute the assets

Before distributing the estate, the executor must obtain a releasefromtheReceiverofRevenue. The Receiver must be satisfied that all outstanding taxes have been paid before giving permission for the balance of the estate

to be distributed to the beneficiaries.

The creditors must also be paid before the estate can be distributed. The executor then prepares a cash statement and distributestheassetsto the beneficiaries. He or she will also arrange for the transfer of fixed property - for instance, the house from the deceaseds name to the spouses name, if the spouse has inherited it. The estate pays the transfer costs regardless of who inherits the property, and there will be no transfer duty, but conveyancing costs must be paid.

It takes, on average, 8monthstofinaliseanestateand for the beneficiaries to receive their inheritances. Once the executor has provided the High Court with proof that the creditors have been paid and that the assets have

been distributed, the Master signs off the estate. This brings the duties of the executor to an end.

Sometimesadditionalassetscome to light - for instance, an offshore property - long after the estate has been distributed. In that case, the executor has to deal with these assets, or appoint an offshore executor in the case of offshore assets, and, if the value of assets is R5 000 or more (or an amount that would affect estate duty), you would need to lodge a supplementary L&D account.

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Assetsnotincludedintheestate

Certain assets are not included in the deceaseds estate and may be distributed to the beneficiaries independently.

Such assets include:

Lifeassurancebenefits

If beneficiaries have been nominated in a life assurance policy, the proceeds of that policy are not included in

the estate, but is paid out directly to the beneficiaries. Such policies are the ideal vehicles for providing cash

for dependants while the estate is being wound up. Where the assets under life policies are included in the estate (in other words, no beneficiaries are named), they count in the calculation of the executors fee.

Retirementassets

Compulsory retirement assets are excluded from the estate. When it comes to pension funds, it is important

to note that the assets are not necessarily distributed according to the wishes of the deceased fund member as expressed in a will or on the pension fund beneficiary nomination form. The trustees of a pension fund are

obliged under the Pension Funds Act to distribute the assets to a members dependants.

For the distribution of death benefits, the following persons qualify as dependants in terms of the Pension Funds

Act: Spouses (including customary and religious unions, civil marriages and civil partnerships). Children (biological, stepchildren and legally adopted).

Anyone proven to be dependent on the deceased for maintenance/financial support, or legally liable for

maintenance/financial support (e.g. in terms of divorce agreements and maintenance orders), or would have

become legally liable for maintenance, had the deceased not died (e.g. engaged to be married, unborn children).

Assetsheldintrust

Assets held in a living intervivos trust are not included in the estate.

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Cashforlivingexpenses

Assets are frozen when estate administration begins, and this can have serious implications for dependants. A spouse married in community of property will have no access to funds in the combined estate until the executor is sure the estate is solvent, so it may take some time before that spouse can access any cash.

Toavoidthissituation,youcan:

Set up a living trust. Any assets transferred into the trust fall outside the estate.

Take out a life assurance policy in favour of your spouse or other dependants. Such policies pay out directly

to the beneficiaries named in the policies, often within days of the insurance company receiving the necessary

information. Transfer a sum of money to your spouse or dependants if death is foreseeable because of ill-health

or frailty.

Choosinganexecutor

The person you name as executor - in most instances, your spouse - does not personally have to comply with all the legal processes and can approach a professional, such as an attorney or an accountant, or a trust company, to deal with the day-to-day logistics of administering your estate.

It is a good idea to nameanalternativepersonas executor in case the person you nominate is unable to take on the task or is no longer around. Bear in mind the age of the person you name as executor. If you are 50 years old, there is not much point in making an 80-year-old executor.

If for some reason, the person named as executor refuses to accept the task, another person or organisation can apply for the role, but they have to convince the Master of the High Court why they should be appointed. Generally,

the Master prefers an executor who stands to inherit from the estate, and the primary beneficiary is preferable.

All the beneficiaries of an estate are asked to consent to the new executor, and, in the case of a dispute, the Master

may appoint joint executors, such as a brother and a sister.

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Regulatoryinformation:Old Mutual Corporate is a division of Old Mutual Life Assurance Company (South Africa) Limited, Jan Smuts Drive, Pinelands, 7405, South Africa. Registration no: 1999/004643/06. A licensed financial services provider authorized in terms of the Financial Advisery and Intermediary Services Act, 2002, to furnish advice and render intermediary services with regard to long-term insurance and pension fund benefits, as well as providing intermediary services as a discretionary investment manager. Please note that this license does not cover the marketing of this product by persons other than Old Mutual and its staff. Every effort has been made to ensure that this document and the products referred to, meet the statutory and regulatory requirements, pertaining to the manner and format in which information regarding financial products is presented. However, should you become aware of any breach of such statutory and regulatory requirements, please address the matter in writing to: The Compliance Officer, Old Mutual Corporate, P O Box 728, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.