window topic 8
DESCRIPTION
this file for topic 8 in construction technology 2 for student diploma in quantity surveyors semester 2..TRANSCRIPT
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TOPIC 8 : WINDOW
A window must be aesthetically acceptable in the context of building design and surrounding environment.
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• to provide for occasional rapid ventilation and sunlight entry.
• to provide a vision out with the world outside the building
• window should be selected or designed to resist wind loadings, be easy to clean and provide for safety and security.
PURPOSE OF WINDOW
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FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT OF WINDOW.
1. Strength 2. Weather Resistance
3. Sound insulation
4. Heat insulation
5. Fire Resistance
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a)HINGED WINDOW/CASEMENT WINDOW
b)PIVOT WINDOW
c)SLIDING WINDOW
d)SWINGS WINDOW
e)LOUVRE WINDOW
f) FIXED WINDOW
TYPES OF WINDOW
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a) HINGED WINDOW
i. Hinged at the side
- this window open from the side.
ii. Hinged at the top
- this window open from the bottom.
ii. Hinged at the bottom
- this window open from the top.
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b) PIVOT WINDOW
i. Horizontal pivot
ii. Vertical pivot
- this window sash hung on
centre pivots
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c) SLIDING WINDOWi. Horizontal Sliding
- Horizontal sliders from side to side to open.
ii. Vertical sliding- Vertical sliders move up and down to open- Gives good controlled ventilation without any forward or backward projection of sash
iii.Folding sliding
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d) SWINGS WINDOW
i. Side swingii. Top swing
- swing window open to 90 degrees and fitted with a multi-point locking system for handle and restrictor
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e) LOUVRE WINDOW
- Good ventilation with only small projections of louvers.- Louvres hung on centre pivots.
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f) FIXED WINDOW
- usually used in conjunction with other types
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COMPONENTS OF WINDOWa)CASEMENT WINDOW• Head• Jamb• Mullion• Bottom rail• Top rail• Transom• Sill
HEAD
TOP RAIL
JAMB
TRANSOM
SILL
MULLION
BUTTOM RAIL
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b) LOUVRE WINDOW• Headrail• Louvre insert/hanger• Louvre glass• Head• Sill
HEADRAIL
LOUVRE GLASS
LOUVRE HANGER
HEAD
SILL
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WINDOW MATERIALS
• Windows are made from wood, aluminum, PVC, fiberglass, or from a combination of these materials.
i. WOOD WINDOWS• Wood windows are warm, traditional and
aesthetically pleasing. • Because it is a good insulator, wood does not
become cold like metal and glass. • Wood is treated with preservatives to prevent rotting. • Wood windows can be painted on the exterior, or
clad with aluminum or PVC profiles for better weathering and reduced maintenance.
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ii. ALUMINUM WINDOWS
• Aluminum windows are more durable than wood, and are thinner, lighter, and easier to handle.
• But aluminum is a poor insulator and in cold weather, • Most recent aluminum windows are manufactured
with a thermal break, a vinyl or rubber strip that separates the exterior and interior aluminum parts of the window.
• The thermal break reduces the movement of cold from the outside to the inside of the building.
• Most commercial applications still specify aluminum windows.
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iii. PVC WINDOWS
• PVC windows are relatively new, having only been introduced during the last 25 years.
• These windows are extruded from highimpact resistant polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
• PVC windows have excellent weathering characteristics, are almost maintenance-free and have excellent resistance to heat loss.
• PVC is available in several extruded colours.
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iv. FIBERGLASS WINDOWS
• Fiberglass windows are the latest window products to be developed.
• Fiberglass and PVC lineals look similar at first glance, however, fiberglass is much more rigid than PVC
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WOOD WINDOW
ALUMINUM WINDOW
PVC WINDOW
FIBREGLASS WINDOW
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WINDOW LOCATION
i. LIVING ROOM
• between 675 mm to 900mm from floor level
ii. BEDROOM
• between 700mm - 900mm from floor level
iii.BATHROOM
• more than 1050 mm from floor level
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IRONMONGERY FOR WINDOW
• ironmongery usually supplied with and factory fitted to the windows.
• Ironmongery divided into three categories:
i. ironmongery for hanging
ii. Ironmongery for operating
iii. Ironmongery for safety
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TYPE OF IRONMONGERY FOR WINDOW
i. Ironmongery for hanging• Stainless steel door hinge
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ii.Ironmongery for operating• Casement stay
FOLDING STAY
PIN STAY
QUADRANT STAY
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i. Ironmongery for safety• Casement fastener