Windows 1.0

Releases

Release date: 1985-11-20; 23

years ago (info)

Current version: 1.04 (1987-04-08)

Windows 1.0

Part of the Microsoft Windows family

Developer : Microsoft

Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Siniloan (Host) Campus

Siniloan, Laguna

(info)

Source model: Closed source

License Microsoft EULA

Support status: Unsupported as of

31 December

2001

Windows 1.0 is a 16-bit graphical operating environment that was released on 20 November 1985. It was Microsoft's first attempt to implement a multi-tasking graphical user interface-based operating environment on the PC platform. Windows 1.0 was the very first version of Windows launched. It was succeeded by Windows 2.0.

History of Microsoft :

Windows 1.0

The box art of Windows 1.01, the first version Microsoft released to the public. The same box art was used in the subsequent minor releases. 1985: Windows 1.0

The first version of Windows provided a new software environment for developing and running applications that use bitmap displays and mouse pointing devices. Before Windows, PC users relied on the MS-DOS® method of typing commands at the C prompt (C:\). With Windows, users moved a mouse to point and click their way through tasks, such as starting applications. In addition, Windows users could switch among several concurrently running applications. The product included a set of desktop applications, including the MS-DOS file management program, a calendar, card file, notepad, calculator, clock, and telecommunications programs, which helped users manage day-to-day activities.

This early Interface Manager product preceded the Windows 1.0 GUI.

The first release version is actually numbered 1.01.

Version 1.02, released in May 1986, was international and had editions in several European languages. Version 1.03, released in August 1986, was for the US- and international market, with enhancements making it consistent with the international release. It included drivers for European keyboards and additional screen and printer drivers. Version 1.04, released in April 1987, added support for the VGA graphics adapters of the new IBM PS/2 computers. At the same time, Microsoft and IBM announced the introduction of OS/2 and its graphical OS/2 Presentation Manager, which were supposed to ultimately replace both MS-DOS and Windows. Windows 1.0 was superseded in November 1987, with the release of Windows 2.0. Windows 1.0 was supported by Microsoft for sixteen years, until 31 December 2001. Windows 1.0 was one of the longest supported operating systems of the Microsoft Windows family of operating systems.

Windows 1.0

Microsoft believed that for personal computers to become mainstream, they had to be easier to use, which argued for a graphical user interface (GUI) instead of DOS's command-line interface. With that in mind,

development on the inaugural version of Windows started in 1983, with the final product released to market in November, 1985.

Windows 1.0—the first version of Windows

Windows was originally going to be called Interface Manager, and was nothing more than a graphical shell that sat on top of the existing DOS operating system. While DOS was a keyboard-driven, text-based operating system, Windows supported the click-and-drag operation of a mouse. That said, individual windows could only be tiled onscreen, and could not be stacked or overlaid on top of each other. Unlike today's overblown and overstuffed operating systems, this first version of Windows came with only a few rudimentary utilities. There was the Windows Paint graphics program, Windows Write text editor, an appointment calendar, a card filer, a notepad, and a clock. Windows 1.0 also included the Control Panel, which was used for configuring various features of the environment, and the MS-DOS Executive, a crude predecessor to today's Windows Explorer file manager. Not surprisingly, Windows 1.0 was not wildly successful. There wasn't a lot of demand for a graphical user interface for the text-based applications then available for the IBM PC. Just as important, this first version of Windows required more power than machines of that era could deliver and had little impact on the market.

Time Machine Travel through Microsoft’s Windows 1.0 - 25 Years Completed

Soumya Sinha November 11th, 2008

Just more than two decades ago, a young man from Washington had some things to say at New York's Helmsley Palace Hotel. He claimed that, powered by a unique graphical interface, his new OS, (coincidentally named Windows!) would be running 90% of IBM systems from the next year. o f course nobody believed him then. But that person had it in him to make others believe what he wished. The product is Windows operating system, that now runs in 90% of the computers worldwide. The person is, with no surprises, Mr. Microsoft, Bill Gates.

Today is the 25th anniversary of the announcement of Windows 1.0 . A simple tribute from us remembering that event which gave us a new vision of operating systems and much more.

Windows :

The Microsoft Windows operating system is the most popular choice and currently has a stronghold over the market. This platform has made significant advancements from version 1.0 all the way to the new Vista system. The Windows system is highly compatible, feature-rich and has a much larger selection of software applications. Unlike the Linux kernel, Windows is proprietary software and tends to be more expensive than others. Despite widespread usage, Windows has been heavily associated with the term "insecure" as a number of security vulnerabilities have made it the most targeted system. Frequently exploited by hackers and malicious code writers, it is recommended that any Windows operating system with internet access be protected by some form of security software. Although the XP version is still popular among users, support for this system will conclude in 2009 as more emphasis will be placed on developing the Vista series.

Installation media:

Windows 1.0 was only available on floppy disks. The user had to have DOS to install. It was the same with all versions of Windows up to and including Windows 95, which was still available on diskettes (but no longer required DOS to be installed first).

Competition:

The history of Windows dates back to September 1981, when the project named "Interface Manager" was started. It was first presented to the public in 10 November 1983, renamed to "Microsoft Windows"; the two years of delay before release led to charges that it was "vaporware". The initially announced version of Windows had features so much resembling the Macintosh interface that Microsoft had to change many of them: overlapping windows, although supported by the GUI engine, weren't allowed for exactly this reason. The announcement of Windows' imminent arrival in 1985 probably did not help the sales of VisiCorp's VisiOn environment which debuted at the same time. However, even when finally released, Windows 1.0 aroused little interest.

Another GUI for the PC platform at the time was GEM. It used more aspects from the Macintosh GUI, for example the trash can concept (which Microsoft would later employ in future Windows releases) and more generally the desktop interaction. GEM was eventually used as the standard GUI for the Atari's ST range of 68k-based computers, which were sometimes referred to as Jackintoshes (the company being run by Jack Tramiel). GEM's resemblance to the Macintosh OS later caused legal trouble for the manufacturer, Digital Research, who was obliged to seriously cripple the desktop's appearance and functionality (applications were not affected).GEM was not multitasking, so users had to close one program in order to run another one. Collections of related programs, like GEM Draw, had tricky File menu items like Close (to Edit) to facilitate switching.

An alternative multitasker released shortly before was DESQview, a successor of IBM's failed TopView from 1984. It did not have graphical capabilities initially, but is able to multitask DOS applications in windows as long as they are well-behaved or have a specially written "loader" to fix them on the fly.Windows 1.0 market share grew very slowly, as there was no killer app (market-dominating software) that required the graphical shell. The killer apps at the time were generally only available on the Apple Macintosh platform (this statement was true even of Microsoft's Mac-OS-only Microsoft Office).The Macintosh remained the platform of choice especially for high-end graphics and desktop publishing (DTP). Although Aldus PageMaker shipped in January 1987 with a Windows executable, it remained but a curiosity due to poor support relative to the Mac version, and a steep $795 price tag.

PC-based DTP remained out of the reach of most Windows users until the release of $99 Serif PagePlus 1.0 in 1991. PagePlus won considerable praise from the prestigious Seybold Reports, not only for being the first sub-$100 DTP package capable of CMYK color separations but also because Serif backed up their customers with free 24-hour support. Nearly every desktop publishing magazine shootout review would include both programs side by side despite the price differences. In the real world however, the lack of a Mac version meant few prepress service bureaus would accept PC data or PC PostScript files. Corel Draw 1.0, Micrographix Picture Publisher, Paint Shop Pro, and Cool Edit also provided a Windows-only focus and provided capabilities previously only found in expensive applications. Other shell programs for MS-DOS include Norton Commander, PC Tools, XTree. DOS Shell, and DOS Menu (in MS-DOS version 4.0). These applications attempted to be organizational and menu-driven tools, and did not try at all to be a 'desktop' shell.

Features:

Windows 1.0 offers limited multitasking of existing MS-DOS programs and concentrates on creating an interaction paradigm (cf. message loop), an execution model and a stable API for native programs for the future. Due to Microsoft's extensive support for backward compatibility, it is not only possible to execute Windows 1.0 binary programs on current versions of Windows to a large extent, but also to recompile their source code into an equally functional "modern" application with just limited modifications.

Windows 1.0 is often regarded as a "front-end the MS-DOS operating system", a description which has also been applied to subsequent versions of Windows. Windows 1.0 is an MS-DOS program. Windows 1.0 programs can call MS-DOS functions, and GUI programs are run from .exe files just like MS-DOS programs. However, Windows .exe files had their own "new executable" (NE) file format, which only Windows could process and which, for example, allowed demand-loading of code and data. Applications were supposed to handle memory only through Windows' own memory management system, which implemented a software-based virtual memory scheme allowing for applications larger than available RAM.

Because graphics support in MS-DOS is extremely limited, MS-DOS applications have to go to the bare hardware (or sometimes just to the BIOS) to get work done. Therefore, Windows 1.0 included original device

drivers for video cards, a mouse, keyboards, printers and serial communications, and applications were supposed to only invoke APIs built upon these drivers. However, this extended to other APIs such as file system management functions. In this sense, Windows 1.0 was designed to be extended into a full-fledged operating system, rather than being just a graphics environment used by applications. Indeed, Windows 1.0 is a "DOS front-end" and cannot operate without a DOS environment (it uses, for example, the file-handling functions provided by DOS.) The level of replacement increases in subsequent versions.

The system requirements for Windows 1.0 constituted CGA/Hercules/EGA (listed as "Monochrome or color monitor"), MS-DOS 3.1, 384K RAM (512KB recommended), and 2 double-sided disk drives or a hard drive. Windows 1.0 runs a shell program known as MS-DOS Executive. Other supplied programs are Calculator, Calendar, Cardfile, Clipboard viewer, Clock, Control Panel, Notepad, Paint, Reversi, Terminal, and Write.Windows 1.0 does not allow overlapping windows. Instead all windows are tiled. Only dialog boxes can appear over other windows.

Windows 1.0 executables, while having the same .exe extension and initial file header as MS-DOS programs, do not contain the so-called MS-DOS stub which prints the "This program requires Microsoft Windows" message and exits when the program is run outside of Windows. Instead, the file header was formatted in such a way as to make DOS reject the executable with a "program too large to fit in memory" error message.From the beginning, Windows was intended to multitask programs (although this originally only applied to native applications and for many versions the multitasking was co-operative, rather than preemptive).Originally Windows was designed to have the pull-up menus at the bottom of windows, as it was common with the DOS programs of the time; however, this was changed before the first release.

The Microsoft and Apple Comparison:

Microsoft and Apple are two powerhouses when it comes to the computer related and consumer electronics industry. Both of these companies have many similarities and differences with each other, and they both went corporate within several years of each other. Let’s start with some information about Apple. The corporation was formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc. but changed the name to Apple Inc. eventually. Apple focuses on manufacturing and designing consumer electronics and closely related software products. They are best known for their personal computer, the Macintosh, the media player known as the iPod, and recently the iPhone. All of these products have received great reviews and are only getting better with time and technology advances. From Warner Brother’s maps to having GPS on your phone, technology has definitely made leaps and bounds in the recent years.

Along the lines of software, Apple products include the iLife suite of multimedia and creativity software, Final Cut Studio relating to audio and film industry, iTunes media browser, and most popular the Mac OS X operating system. Currently there are over two hundred retail stores in seven different countries as well as an online store where practically every Apple product that is currently being made is sold. The iTunes store is also available which has recently expanded their depths into selling. They now provide music, television programs, music videos, podcasts, audiobooks, and iPod games which can be downloaded to your Mac OS X or Windows and then put onto your iPhone or iPod touch.

The company was established in 1976, and has been growing ever since. The annual sales in its fiscal year 2007 were 24.01 billion dollars. A great achievement for the company that continues to grow. Now onto the Microsoft Corporation. This company is an American multinational computer technology corporation that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a great range of software products for computer devices. They are best known for the Microsoft Windows operating system as well as the Microsoft Office series.

Bill Gates became the richest man in the world through this company, and although he no longer holds that spot, being the second richest man in the world is nothing to be upset about. Recently Bill Gates has thrown in the towel and stepped down from Microsoft Corporation to further pursue his charity organization. One of the visions that he had for Microsoft was to have a workstation running Microsoft software in every office desk and home. Microsoft has been so successful over the years that due to the release of an initial public offering in the stock market, Microsoft made 12,000 millionaires and four billionaires from their employees. Microsoft is also very

popular in several other markets too, such as the mouse and home entertainment products. These consist of the Zune, MSN TV, Xbox, and Xbox 360. With all of these streams of revenue coming in for Microsoft, they have made strides to purchase the powerhouse search engine Yahoo. Unfortunately, their offer of 44.6 billion dollars did not satisfy Yahoo.

As you can see, Microsoft and Zune have had huge strides throughout the years. There is definitely some intense competition between the two especially for the computer market with all of the Apple commercials using Microsoft as a dummy. That's pretty brave of Apple to be throwing punches at the big guy in the computer industry, but it seems to be working.

You will definitely be seeing these two corporations continue to dominate when it comes to releasing software and hardware that uses the newest and most advanced technology. Both of these companies specialize in certain hardware and software products of their own, but it seems that for every line that Microsoft has, Apple has too and vice versa.

About Macintosh:

Advantages, disadvantages and criticisms:

The Macintosh differs in several ways from other x86-based personal computers, especially those that run the Windows operating system. Apple directly sub-contracts hardware production to Asian OEM laptop manufacturers such as Asus, maintaining a high degree of control over the end product. In contrast, Microsoft supplies its software to original equipment manufacturers (OEM's), including Dell, HP/Compaq, and Lenovo, who make the hardware using a wider range of components. Apple's less-common operating system means that a much smaller range of third-party software is available, although popular applications, such as Microsoft Office, are available in most areas. However, following the release of Intel-based Mac, third-party virtualization software such as Parallels Desktop, VMware Fusion, and VirtualBox began to emerge, allowing users to run much of the previously Windows-only software on a Mac. Apple also released a public beta version of Boot Camp, which allows users to run alternative operating systems natively on any Intel-based Mac.

The Macintosh operating system enjoys a near-absence of the types of malware and spyware that affect Microsoft Windows users. This is largely due to both the UNIX roots of Mac OS X and the smaller user base. Both of these factors drive malware creators to develop for Microsoft Windows. However, worms as well as potential vulnerabilities were noted in February 2006, which led some industry analysts and anti-virus companies to issue warnings that Apple's Mac OS X is not immune to viruses, as is commonly misconceived. Regardless, there has not been an outbreak of Mac malware, and Apple routinely issues security updates for its software.

Apple has a history of innovation demonstrated, in part, by strong development of software upgrades, which would often leave older programs obsolete. Rather than waiting for developers to upgrade their applications, Apple included interim provisions for older applications. When Apple switched from the Motorola 68000 series of processors to PowerPC processors, they included an emulator, so that 68000 code could run on PowerPC. Likewise, when Apple switched from Mac OS 9 to Mac OS X, Classic allowed users to run Mac OS 9 applications under Mac OS X. Again, during the Apple Intel transition, Apple introduced Rosetta, an emulator which allows Intel based Macs to run PowerPC code. Early in its history, up until the PCI-based Power Macs, Macintosh hardware was notoriously closed. Connectors were often proprietary, requiring specialized peripherals or adapter cables.

However, since the introduction of the original iMac in 1998, Apple computers have used standard USB and FireWire connections (among others), which allow users a greatly expanded choice of peripherals. Originally, the hardware architecture was so closely tied to the Mac OS operating system that it was impossible to boot an alternative operating system; the most common workaround, used even by Apple for A/UX, was to boot into Mac OS and then to hand over control to a program that took over the system and acted as a boot loader. This technique was no longer necessary with the introduction of Open Firmware-based PCI Macs, though it was formerly used for convenience on many Old World ROM systems due to bugs in the firmware implementation. Now, Mac hardware boots directly from Open Firmware or EFI, and Macs are no longer limited to running just the Mac OS. Intel-based Macs are capable of running Windows XP, Windows Vista, Linux, and other x86 based operating systems.

Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. This had been done for historical reasons, as when the mouse was first invented, surveys showed that users would be confused by multiple buttons. Although Microsoft's IntelliMouse, featuring two buttons and a scroll wheel, was introduced in 1995 to great success, Macs did not natively support multiple buttons until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. In 2005, Apple capitulated and introduced the Mighty Mouse, which looked like a traditional one-button mouse, but actually had four buttons and a scroll ball. Apple's only remaining one-button mouse was replaced in 2006 by the wireless Mighty Mouse.

Market share and user demographics

Since the introduction of the Macintosh, Apple has struggled to gain a significant share of the personal computer market. At first, the Macintosh 128K suffered from a dearth of available software compared to IBM's PC, resulting in disappointing sales in 1984 and 1985. It took 74 days for 50,000 units to sell.

By 1997, there were more than 20 million Mac users, compared to an installed base of around 340 million Windows PCs. Statistics from late 2003 indicate that Apple had 2.06 percent of the desktop share in the United States, which had increased to 2.88 percent by Q4 2004. As of October 2006, research firms IDC and Gartner reported that Apple's market share in the U.S. had increased to about 6 percent. Figures from December 2006, showing a market share around 6 percent (IDC) and 6.1 percent (Gartner) are based on a more than 30 percent increase in unit sale from 2005 to 2006. The installed base of Mac computers is hard to determine, with numbers ranging from 3 percent (estimated in 2004) to 16 percent (estimated in 2005). Three ways of measuring market share are: i) by browser hits, ii) by sales, and iii) by installed base. If using the browser metric, Mac market share has increased substantially in 2007. However, results for market share measured as a percentage of current sales provides different results than when market share is measured by installed base.

Whether the size of the Mac’s market share and installed base is actually relevant, and to whom, is a hotly debated issue. Industry pundits have often called attention to the Mac’s relatively small market share to predict Apple's impending doom, particularly in the early and mid 1990s when the company’s future seemed bleakest. Others argue that market share is the wrong way to judge the Mac’s success. Apple has positioned the Mac as a higher-end personal computer, and so it may be misleading to compare it to a low-budget PC. Because the overall market for personal computers has grown rapidly, the Mac’s increasing sales numbers are effectively swallowed by the industry’s numbers as a whole. Apple’s small market share, then, gives the false impression that fewer people are using Macs than did (for example) ten years ago. Others try to de-emphasize market share, citing that it's rarely brought up in other industries. Regardless of the Mac’s market share, Apple has remained profitable since Steve Jobs’ return and the company’s subsequent reorganization. Notably, a report published in the first quarter of 2008 found that Apple had a 14% market share in the personal computer market in the US, including 66% of all computers over $1,000. Market research indicates that Apple draws its customer base from a higher-income demographic than the mainstream personal computer market.

Microsoft vs Apple: The Battle Heats Up

Even after years of rivalry, it appears the battle between Microsoft and Apple is getting more fierce. We look at how the two sides are competing in sales, price, advertising and even environmental credentials.

Sales :

Windows remains by the far the dominant operating system, but Apple’s systems are on the rise. In the third quarter of 2008, 9.5% of computers sold in the US were produced by Apple, up almost a third compared with one year earlier.That proportion looks set to continue rising according to a recent study showing that, among people intending to buy a computer in the next 90 days, 29% of laptops buyers planned to get a Mac, with the figure at 26% for desktop buyers. It’s worth noting that this figure has fallen slightly over recent months after generally rising consistently since early 2006. Because Apple produces its own hardware (and doesn’t license it to other manufacturers), buyers usually have to take into consideration both the operating system they prefer and the specifications of computer they want. The only place the two systems directly compete is with a company called Psystar which offers custom-built machines running the operating system (Windows, Apple’s Leopard, or Linux) of your choice. However, Apple is suing Psystar for allegedly using Leopard without permission. As the case is currently going through mediation, any figures showing which system Psystar customers preferred may be kept secret for now.The chances are that Apple may continue to gain market share, but its growth will eventually be

limited by the number of large organisations which either prefer Windows or are too wary of taking on a rival system.

Price:

Recent publicity efforts have made it very clear Apple doesn’t want to get into a price war. Though it’s entry-level MacBook laptop just dropped below the thousand dollar mark for the first time, there weren’t any major price cuts in the new Apple range, which surprised some analysts who expected such a move to combat the tough economy.Microsoft has recently dubbed Macs as carrying an “Apple Tax”, an increased cost both in the purchase price and the lack of flexibility and choice compared with the much wider range of PCs.Apple seems comfortable with positioning itself as a premium brand, believing customers will pay higher prices for what they perceive to be a better quality product. There’s also an extent to which the Apple brand itself comes across as desirable and thus worth a higher price.

Advertising:

Apple has conducted a long-standing advertising campaign starring a stuffy, nerdy character (symbolising the PC) and a trendier, more personable character (symbolising the Mac). The campaign regularly compares traits of the two computer systems, portraying the Mac as more impressive. Microsoft has never directly mentioned its rivals in advertising before, but recently launched a campaign based around the phrase “I’m a PC”. While not mentioning Macs, it’s a very clear nod towards the Apple adverts and acts as an attempt to give a more positive image for the PC (and thus the Windows system).Apple has now responded with an even more direct attack: the latest instalments of “I’m a Mac, I’m a PC” outright state that Microsoft spends money on advertising Vista rather than improving the system, and that Microsoft is intentionally avoiding mentioning the word ‘Vista’ in its advertising because the brand is so tainted.It’ll be interesting to see how Microsoft responds and whether, for example, it directly refers to the so-called ‘Apple Tax’.

Environment :

As interest in climate change and other environmental issues grows, many corporate firms have become concerned with their ‘green image’. Campaign group Greenpeace runs an annual study of tech firms rating them for their recycling efforts, their actions to tackle climate change, and their use of toxic chemicals in production.In the 2008 study, Apple rated 4.1 out of 10, while Microsoft scored just 2.2. The difference appeared to be Apple’s efforts to reduce toxic content, and the energy efficiency of some of its computers. However, critics of Greenpeace say the study is flawed because it marks down companies which don’t provide certain details of their work, even if they might actually be acting responsibly. It’s also difficult to compare the two operating systems as the vast majority of Windows computers are made by independent firms.Apple is certainly winning the publicity war, though. A recent study found consumers perceived it as the most environmentally friendly brand, ahead of several PC manufacturers which actually earned higher ratings.

List of Macintosh software published by Microsoft:

This is a list of Apple Macintosh software published by Microsoft. Prior to 1994, Microsoft had an extensive range of actively developed Macintosh software. In 1994, Microsoft stopped development of most of its Mac applications until a new version of Office in 1998, after the creation of the new Microsoft Macintosh Business Unit the year prior.

Pre-Microsoft Macintosh Business Unit (1984-1998)

Microsoft BASIC Version 1.0 - Version 3.0 (1984-1986)

Microsoft Multiplan (1984)

Microsoft Excel Version 1.0 (1985), 1.5 (1988), 2.2 (1989), 3.0 (1990), 4.0 (1992), 5.0 (1993)

Microsoft Word Version 1.0 (1985), 3.0 (1987), 4.0 (1989), 5.x (1991), 6.0 (1993)

Microsoft Works Versions 1.0 to 4.0 (1986-1994)

Microsoft Flight Simulator Version 1.0 (1986), 4.0 (1991)[2]

Microsoft PowerPoint Version 1.0 (1987), 2.0 (1988), 3.0 (1992), 4.0 (1994)

QuickBASIC Version 1.0 (1988)

Microsoft Project Versions 1.0 to 4.0 (1991-1993)

Microsoft Art Gallery (1993)

Microsoft Dinosaurs (1993)

Microsoft FoxPro 2 Version 2.6 (1994)

Microsoft Bookshelf Version 4.0 (1994)

Ghostwriter Mysteries for Creative Writer: The Case of the Blue Makva (1994)

Microsoft Cinemania Version '94, '95, '96, '97 (1994-1996)

Microsoft Creative Writer (1994)

Microsoft Dangerous Creatures (1994)

Microsoft Fine Artist (1994)

Microsoft Musical Instruments (1994)

Microsoft Arcade (1995)

Microsoft Dogs (1995)

Microsoft Encarta Version '95 (1995)

The Magical School Bus (1995)

o Explores Bugs

o Explores in the Age of the Dinosaurs

o Explores inside the Earth

o Explores the Human Body

o Explores the Ocean

o Explores the Rainforest

o Explores the Solar System

Microsoft Visual C++ Pro Cross Development for Mac 4.0 (1995)

Microsoft Wine Guide (1995)

Internet Explorer for Mac Versions 2.0-5.2.3 (1996-2003)

Microsoft Music Central 96 (1996)

Microsoft Music Central 97 (1996)

Microsoft Visual FoxPro Version 3.0 (1996)

Post Microsoft Macintosh Business Unit (1997-Present)

Software in this list is not necessarily written by Macintosh Business Unit, however was/is published by Microsoft Corp.

Age of Empires Microsoft FrontPage (1998)

Microsoft Outlook (1998-2001)

Microsoft Excel Version 8.0 (1998), 9.0 (2000), 10 (2001), 11 (2004), 12 (2008)

Microsoft PowerPoint Version 8.0 (1998), 9.0 (2000), 10.0 (2002), 11.0 (2004), 12.0 (2008)

Microsoft Word Version 8.0 (1998), 9.0 (2000), 10 (2001), 11 (2004), 12 (2008)

Microsoft Entourage (2001-2008)

Windows Media Player Version 6.3 (2000), 7.0.1 (2001), 7.1 (2002), 9.0 (2003)