windows nt backup

7/31/2019 Windows Nt Backup

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Windows Backup (Ntbackup.exe) tool is designed to work with Removable Storage Manager (RSM)to manage media during a backup session. This is especially effective when you have a tapelibrary that holds several tapes, because RSM can automatically mount and dismount tapes asrequired when the scheduled backup program calls for a tape. This makes unattended backupspossible because RSM loads the correct tape and either overwrites or appends to the tape, basedon the backup options you choose.

Managed Method

To use this method, label the tapes (one for each day of the week), and then schedule a

recurring weekly backup (one for each day). The only manual intervention that is requiredis to ensure that the previous night's backup tape is ejected and the next night's tape is

inserted into the stand-alone tape library. A non-technical assistant can perform thismanual operation anytime before the next scheduled backup session.

The following section outlines the basic concept and steps necessary to prepare and label

the tapes, and how to schedule Ntbackup to use the tapes. This is an abbreviated examplethat describes performing normal backups every night (Monday-Friday), overwriting the

tape each time. Based on your needs, you may want to perform incremental backupsduring the week and perform full backups on the weekend using different sets of tapes.

Before Ntbackup can use a tape, the tape must be located in the RSM import, free, orbackup media pool.

Import media is media that RSM recognizes as being compatible with an installed program

like Ntbackup, but has not been cataloged and moved to that program's media pool yet. IfNtbackup detects media in the import media pool that it recognizes, you receive a message

asking if you want to import the media. After the media is imported, you can use it toperform a restore or for a new backup.

Free media is media that RSM prepares for any program to use by writing a free media

label. Programs pull tapes from the free media pool the first time you use a tape, and thenallocate the tape to that program's media pool for use with future jobs.

Open Computer Management & Select the backup drive as shown below


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Preparing the Tape

Use the following steps to prepare each tape that you want Ntbackup to use.

Note This operation writes a free media label on each tape.

1.

Using Computer Management, expand Storage, expand Removable Media, and then

expand Physical Locations.

2.Locate and expand the entry for the tape device, and then click the Media icon under thetape device.

3.Insert a tape into the tape drive. RSM reads the tape, and the media pool in which it residesis displayed in the right pane (for fresh media, this is typically the unrecognized media pool).

4.

In the right pane, right-click the tape, and then click Prepare. You can monitor the work

queue for the operation to make sure it is finished, or you can wait for the status to changeto "Idle, available" and the media pool to change to "free."

5.After a free label is written, you can eject the tape by right-clicking the tape, and thenclicking Eject. The Eject Wizard starts and moves the tape to the off-line media library.

6.Repeat steps 3-5 for each tape you want to prepare. Remember that Ntbackup can only useprepared tapes during a backup session. Calculate how many tapes you need for yourbackup strategy and prepare each tape before you continue to the next section.

Right Click & Select Prepare


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Select Yes to confirm.

After you prepare the tapes, use Ntbackup to write a Microsoft Tape Format (MTF) labelwith a name that describes the contents of the tape. After this is accomplished, you canschedule Ntbackup to use that tape over and over again, by specifying the same medialabel name.

Use the following steps to label each tape you want Ntbackup to be able to reuse.


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Note This operation writes a unique MTF label on each tape. Be sure each tape has aunique name, even if you rotate different sets of tapes (weekly).

1. Make sure a prepared tape is in the stand-alone tape library.

2. Start Ntbackup, and then click Backup Wizard.

3.When the What to Backup dialog box is displayed, click backup selected files, drives,or network data.

4. When the Items to Backup dialog box is displayed, click a single folder on any local drive.

5.When the Where to Store the Backup dialog box is displayed, in the backup mediatype area, click the tape drive, and in the backup media area, click new media.

6. When the Completing the Backup Wizard dialog box is displayed, click Advanced.

7.

Continue through the screens until the Backup Label dialog box is displayed. In this dialogbox, you can change the Backup Label and Media Label fields. The information in theMedia Label field distinguishes one tape from another. You should change the MediaLabel field so that it contains meaningful information to represent a tape for each day ofthe week. The example in this article uses unique names like Monday-Full, Tuesday-Full,and so on (one for each day/tape).

8.Continue through the dialog boxes and start the backup. This backs up the single folder andwrites a meaningful media label that you can use from now on to schedule backups.

9. After the backup process is finished, quit Ntbackup.

10.

Using RSM, look in the backup media pool and notice the tape is present. Right-click thetape to view its properties. If you click the side tab, the identification label field containsthe same name of the tape you specified in step 7. That is the name you want to use fromnow on whenever you schedule a backup for that day's tape and choose to rewrite thesame label name.

11.Right-click the tape, click Eject, and then physically label the tape using the same labelname you specified during backup.

12. Repeat the steps above for each tape until all tapes have valid MTF media labels.

Right Click & select Properties

Specify the Media Name


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Select Side & specify Name & Description:

Click OK to close.

Scheduling a Recurring Weekly Backup


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You can schedule recurring weekly backup jobs using the built-in scheduler in Ntbackup.You can choose to build a batch file to use with the Scheduled Tasks Wizard or the at

schedule command. First, you need to use Ntbackup to create a backup selection .bks filethat Ntbackup uses to detect which drives/folders/files to back up. You also need to use

Ntbackup to build the backup command line string to be used in the batch file(s) ifscheduling outside of the backup scheduler.

To schedule recurring weekly backups:

1. Start Ntbackup, and then click Backup Wizard.

2.Follow the wizard screens and choose the appropriate volumes or folders you want to backup every night.

3.

When the Where to Store the Backup dialog box is displayed, in the backup mediatype area, click the tape drive, in the backup media area, click the name of the tape thatmatches the day for which you are currently scheduling the backup (for example, Monday-Full).

4. When the Completing the Backup Wizard dialog box is displayed, click Advanced.

5.When the Media Options dialog box is displayed, click Replace the data on this mediawith the backup.

6.

When the Backup Label dialog box is displayed, change the Media Label field to match

the media label of the current tape. This ensures that the same tape can be mountedduring the next recurring backup for this day's tape.

7.When the When to Backup dialog box is displayed, click Later, and then type adescriptive job name.

8.Click Set Schedule, and schedule the backup to run at the appropriate time. To make thisday's backup recurring, click Weekly in the Schedule Task list.

9.Repeat the above steps for each day of the week, scheduling the backup to reoccur weekly.Make sure you use the correct media label in step 5 to match that day's tape name.

10. Make sure the labeled tape for the current backup is in the stand-alone tape library.

Select Start & click on Run and Type NTBackup

Click on Backup Wizard


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Select drives & Backup media type and click on Next


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ClickAdvanced & Select the type of backup and click on Next.


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Click on Next to continue.


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Click on Set Schedule & Select Schedule Task& Start time:


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ClickFinish to complete the backup schedule.


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Built-in basic backup typesFour backup types (Full, Stack,Incremental, Differential) are built into the program.

These backup types are applied to all data sources, supported by the program and can be used toback up files both from a personal computer, local network and remote FTP.With this four backup types you can select the best backup and restore strategy for any kind ofyour data according to your requirements.

Full backup

This is the elementary type of backing up. Each time the newly createdbackup file replaces the old one.When you're using full backup, you can restore files from the latest backup only.

Stack backup
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This backup consists of latest N full backups. All backups are located inthe same directory. When the newest backup is being created and the

quantity of backups exceeds N, then the oldest one is being removedfrom the directory.On restoring you can select restore point from any latest N backups were made.

Incremental backup

This is a backup in which only the files that have been modified since

the last backup are copied. It consists of "full backup" and folowing

sequental incremental backups. Incremental backup consists of fileswhich have been changed or added since the last backing up.When N incremental copies will be created, or the volume of

incremental backups will exceed N percents of the full copy, or N dayshas passed since the full backing up, then at the next execution all old

backup files will be deleted and the cycle will be repeated from makingfull backup.

If an additional parameter save old full backups it checked, then thefull backup will not be deleted at the beginning of the new cycle and

can be used for future restoring.

You can select restoring point from any point in date-time when latest backups weremade. If you checked save old full backups then this backups can be selected forrestoring too.

Differential backup

This backup is consists of two files - full and differential backup.

At first the program creates full backup. Next executions generate adifferential backup - the backup copy of changed or newly added

files since the last full backing up. If the volume of differential copyexceeds N percents of the full copy or at least N days has passed since

the full backing up then the program begins a new cycle with a full

backup.You can restore files only from 2 points in date-time - the time point of thedifferential backup creation or the point when full backup were made. Similar to theincremental backup type, if you checked save old full backups then this backups canbe selected for restoring too.


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There are many techniques for backing up files. The techniques you use will depend on the

type of data you're backing up, how convenient you want the recovery process to be, and

more.

If you view the properties of a file or directory in Windows Explorer, you'll note an attribute

called Archive. This attribute often is used to determine whether a file or directory should bebacked up. If the attribute is on, the file or directory may need to be backed up. The basic

types of backups you can perform include

Normal/full backups All files that have been selected are backed up, regardless of

the setting of the archive attribute. When a file is backed up, the archive attribute is

cleared. If the file is later modified, this attribute is set, which indicates that the file

needs to be backed up.

Copy backups All files that have been selected are backed up, regardless of the

setting of the archive attribute. Unlike a normal backup, the archive attribute on files

isn't modified. This allows you to perform other types of backups on the files at a

later date. Differential backups Designed to create backup copies of files that have changed

since the last normal backup. The presence of the archive attribute indicates that the

file has been modified and only files with this attribute are backed up. However, the

archive attribute on files isn't modified. This allows you to perform other types of

backups on the files at a later date.

Incremental backups Designed to create backups of files that have changed since

the most recent normal or incremental backup. The presence of the archive attribute

indicates that the file has been modified and only files with this attribute are backed

up. When a file is backed up, the archive attribute is cleared. If the file is later

modified, this attribute is set, which indicates that the file needs to be backed up.

Daily backups Designed to back up files using the modification date on the file

itself. If a file has been modified on the same day as the backup, the file will be

backed up. This technique doesn't change the archive attributes of files.

In your backup plan you'll probably want to perform full backups on a weekly basis and

supplement this with daily, differential, or incremental backups. You may also want to create

an extended backup set for monthly and quarterly backups that includes additional files that

aren't being backed up regularly.

Tip You'll often find that weeks or months can go by before anyone notices that a file or data

source is missing. This doesn't mean the file isn't important. Although some types of dataaren't used often, they're still needed. So don't forget that you may also want to create extra

sets of backups for monthly or quarterly periods, or both, to ensure that you can recover

historical data over time.

Differential and Incremental Backups

The difference between differential and incremental backups is extremely important. To

understand the distinction between them, examine Table 14-1. As it shows, with differential

backups you back up all the files that have changed since the last full backup (which means

that the size of the differential backup grows over time). With incremental backups, you only

back up files that have changed since the most recent full or incremental backup (whichmeans the size of the incremental backup is usually much smaller than a full backup).


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Table 14-1 Incremental and Differential Backup Techniques

Day of

Week

Weekly Full Backup with Daily

Differential Backup

Weekly Full Backup with Daily

Incremental Backup

Sunday A full backup is performed. A full backup is performed.

MondayA differential backup contains allchanges since Sunday.

An incremental backup contains changessince Sunday.

TuesdayA differential backup contains all

changes since Sunday.

An incremental backup contains changes

since Monday.

WednesdayA differential backup contains all



since Tuesday.

ThursdayA differential backup contains all



since Wednesday.

FridayA differential backup contains all



since Thursday.

Saturday A differential backup contains allchanges since Sunday.

An incremental backup contains changessince Friday.

Once you determine what data you're going to back up and how often, you can select backup

devices and media that support these choices. These are covered in the next section.

Selecting Backup Devices and Media

Many tools are available for backing up data. Some are fast and expensive. Others are slow

but very reliable. The backup solution that's right for your organization depends on many

factors, including

Capacity The amount of data that you need to back up on a routine basis. Can the

backup hardware support the required load given your time and resource constraints?

Reliability The reliability of the backup hardware and media. Can you afford to

sacrifice reliability to meet budget or time needs?

Extensibility The extensibility of the backup solution. Will this solution meet your

needs as the organization grows?

Speed The speed with which data can be backed up and recovered. Can you afford to

sacrifice speed to reduce costs?

Cost The cost of the backup solution. Does it fit into your budget?

Common Backup Solutions

Capacity, reliability, extensibility, speed, and cost are the issues driving your backup plan. If

you understand how these issues affect your organization, you'll be on track to select an

appropriate backup solution. Some of the most commonly used backup solutions include

Tape drives Tape drives are the most common backup devices. Tape drives use

magnetic tape cartridges to store data. Magnetic tapes are relatively inexpensive but

aren't highly reliable. Tapes can break or stretch. They can also lose information over

time. The average capacity of tape cartridges ranges from 100 MB to 2 GB.

Compared with other backup solutions, tape drives are fairly slow. Still, the sellingpoint is the low cost.


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Digital audio tape (DAT) drives DAT drives are quickly replacing standard tape

drives as the preferred backup devices. DAT drives use 4 mm and 8 mm tapes to

store data. DAT drives and tapes are more expensive than standard tape drives and

tapes, but they offer more speed and capacity. DAT drives that use 4 mm tapes can

typically record over 30 MB per minute and have capacities of up to 16 GB. DAT

drives that use 8 mm tapes can typically record more than 10 MB per minute andhave capacities of up to 36 GB (with compression).

Auto-loader tape systems Auto-loader tape systems use a magazine of tapes to

create extended backup volumes capable of meeting the high-capacity needs of the

enterprise. With an auto-loader system, tapes within the magazine are automatically

changed as needed during the backup or recovery process. Most auto-loader tape

systems use DAT tapes. The typical sys tem uses magazines with between 4 and 12

tapes. The main drawback to these systems is the high cost.

Magnetic optical drives Magnetic optical drives combine magnetic tape technology

with optical lasers to create a more reliable backup solution than DAT. Magnetic

optical drives use 3.5-inch and 5.25-inch disks that look similar to floppies but are

much thicker. Typically, magnetic optical disks have capacities of between 1 GB and4 GB.

Tape jukeboxes Tape jukeboxes are similar to auto-loader tape systems. Jukeboxes

use magnetic optical disks rather than DAT tapes to offer high-capacity solutions.

These systems load and unload disks stored internally for backup and recovery

operations. Their key drawback is the high cost.

Removable disks Removable disks, such as Iomega Jaz, are increasingly being used

as backup devices. Removable disks offer good speed and ease of use for a single

drive or single system backup. However, the disk drives and the removable disks tend

to be more expensive than standard tape or DAT drive solutions.

Disk drives Disk drives provide the fastest way to back up and restore files. With

disk drives, you can often accomplish in minutes what takes a tape drive hours. So

when business needs mandate a speedy recovery, nothing beats a disk drive. The

drawbacks to disk drives, however, are relatively high costs and less extensibility.

Before you can use a backup device, you must install it. When you install backup devices

other than standard tape and DAT drives, you need to tell the operating system about the

controller card and drivers that the backup device uses. For detailed information on installing

devices and drivers, see the section of Chapter 2 entitled "Managing Hardware Devices and

Drivers."

Buying and Using Tapes

Selecting a backup device is an important step toward implementing a backup and recovery

plan. But you also need to purchase the tapes or disks, or both, that will allow you to

implement your plan. The number of tapes you need depends on how much data you'll be

backing up, how often you'll be backing up the data, and how long you'll need to keep

additional data sets.

The typical way to use backup tapes is to set up a rotation schedule whereby you rotate

through two or more sets of tapes. The idea is that you can increase tape longevity by

reducing tape usage and at the same time reduce the number of tapes you need to ensure that

you have historic data on hand when necessary.


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One of the most common tape rotation schedules is the 10-tape rotation. With this rotation

schedule, you use 10 tapes divided into two sets of 5 (one for each weekday). As shown in

Table 14-2, the first set of tapes is used one week and the second set of tapes is used the next

week. On Fridays, full backups are scheduled. On Mondays through Thursdays, incremental

backups are scheduled. If you add a third set of tapes, you can rotate one of the tape sets to an

off-site storage location on a weekly basis.

Table 14-2 Using Incremental Backups

Day of Week Tape Set 1 Tape Set 2

Friday Full backup on Tape 5 Full backup on Tape 5

Monday Incremental backup on Tape 1 Incremental backup on Tape 1

Tuesday Incremental backup on Tape 2 Incremental backup on Tape 2

Wednesday Incremental backup on Tape 3 Incremental backup on Tape 3

Thursday Incremental backup on Tape 4 Incremental backup on Tape 4

Tip The 10-tape rotation schedule is designed for the 9 to 5 workers of the world. If you're in

a 24 x 7 environment, you'll definitely want extra tapes for Saturday and Sunday. In this case,

use a 14-tape rotation with two sets of 7 tapes. On Sundays, schedule full backups. On

Mondays through Saturdays, schedule incremental backups.

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