windows server 2008 active directory, configuring exam

8/11/2019 Windows Server 2008 Active Directory, Configuring Exam

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/windows-server-2008-active-directory-configuring-exam 1/52

MCTS GUIDE TO CONFIGURINGMICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2008

ACTIVE DIRECTORY

Chapter 10: Configuring and Maintaining th

Active Directory Infrastructure



Objectives

Describe and configure Active Directory functional levels

Add and remove domains from a forest

Configure Active Directory trusts

Configure intrasite replication

Work with sites

Manage operations master roles

MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory http://www.examcollectionvce.com/v

http://www.examcollectionvce.com/vce-70-640.html





Examining Active Directory Functional Levels

Functional levels allow for Administrators to maintain backwards compatibil

the addition of new features

Functional levels should be set at the highest version domain controllers onnetwork support

Member servers / workstations are independent of functional levels







Forest Functional Levels

Forest functional level determines the features of Active Directory that have

implications

A Server 2008 domain controller supports the following functional levels:

Windows 2000

Lacks the ability to use forest trusts and to rename a domain

Windows 2003

Supports all the features present in Windows 2000, plus the following features: forest trusts, KnoConsistency Checker (KCC) improvements, linked-value replication, rename a domain , read oncontroller deployment

Windows 2008

All the features of 2003, but no additional features (yet)







Domain Functional Levels

A domain controller can’t be configured to run at a lower functional le

the functional level of the forest.

Like forest functional levels, domain functional levels can be raised blowered

Features:

Windows 2000 Native: Universal groups, group nesting, group conversion, Secidentifier (SID) history

Windows Server 2003: All features of Windows 2000 native, domain controller logon timestamp replication, selective authentication, Users and Computers coredirection

Windows Server 2008: All features of Windows 2003, Distributed File System rfine-grained password policies, interactive logon information, Advanced EncrypStandard (AES) support







Raising the Domain Functional Level

All domain controllers must be running a Windows OS compatible with the

functional level Functional level can be raised in Active Directory Domains and Trusts

Only one domain controller needs to be raised to the new functional level, treflect the change automatically

Once the functional level is raised, it cannot be reversed







Raising the Domain Functional Level (cont.)







Raising the Forest Functional Level

You must be a member of the Domain Admins or Enterprise Admins group

forest functional level If raising both domain and forest functional levels, domain functional must b

first

Domain functional levels must be equal or greater than forest functional lev

Once functional level is raised, it cannot be lowered







Raising the Forest Functional Level (cont.)







Preparing a Forest and Domain for Windows Se2008 with Adprep

The Adprep command-line program prepares an existing forest or domain f

addition of a Windows Server 2008 domain controller To prepare the forest, run the adprep /forestprep command on a Windows S

or Windows 2000 domain controller acting as the schema master

Then run adprep /domainprep in each domain where you plan to add a WinServer 2008 DC. Windows 2000 requires adprep /domainprep /gpprep







Removing a Domain Controller

Be aware of some potential issues

If the DC performs any operations master roles, you must first transfer the role to anothe

If the DC is a global catalog server, make sure at least one other DC is a global catalog s

If it’s the only DC in the domain, you’ll also remove the domain

Dcpromo is used to remove domain services

If the server wasn’t the last DC, it will remain a member of the domain

MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory http://www.examcollectionvce.c






Using the Active Directory Migration Tool

The Active Directory Migration Tool (ADMT) allows moving objects a

restructuring Active Directory without users losing access to networkresources, and has three main types of migration:

Intraforest migration

Interforest migration

Migration of an NT 4.0 domain to an Active Directory domain

Before attempting migration, you should review the Active Directory guide

Terms used for migration planning and implementation:

SID History

Security Translation

Password Export Server (PES)







Configuring Active Directory Trusts

Recall that all domains in a forest trust one another automatically through twtransitive trusts, which you can’t remove

Types of trusts you can configure:

Shortcut trust

Forest trust

External trust

Realm trust

DNS must be configured so that FQDNs of DCs in all participating domainsresolved







Configuring Shortcut Trusts

A shortcut trust is a one-way or two-way transitive trust between two domaisame forest or two domains in trusting forests

Helps to reduce authorization delays between domains

Shortcut trusts between domains in different forests require a forest trust toconfigured

Trusts between forests and external trusts might require additional DNS co







Configuring Forest Trusts

DNS must be configured correctly in both forest root domains

You must initiate the forest trust in Active Directory Domains and Trusts fromroot domain

When creating a forest trust, you must specify the type of authentication youse:

Forest-wide authentication is a property of a forest trust in which all users in a trusted forauthenticated to the trusting forest

Selective authentication enables administrators to specify users who can authenticate to

resources in the trusting forest







Configuring External and Realm Trusts

An external trust is created between domains in different forests or betweenin a Windows Server 2003/2008 forest and a Windows 2000 server forest oNT domain

An external trust is not transitive, and is nearly identical to creating a forest

When creating a realm trust, main consideration should be whether or not ittransitive







Configuring Trust Properties

The Properties dialog box of a forest trust contains three tabs:

The General Tab – Provides options:

The other domain supports Kerberos AES Encryption

Direction of trust

Transitivity of trust

Validate

Save As

The Name Suffix Routing Tab – Allows you to control which name suffixes used by the truare routed for authentication

Authentication Tab – Same options as the Outgoing Trust Authentication Level window







SID Filtering

SIDHistory attribute can be used for nefarious purposes to gain administratprivileges in a trusting forest

To counter the security risk, Windows provides a feature called SID filtering

SID Filtering causes the trusting domain to ignore any SIDs that aren’t fromdomain

SID filtering is enabled by default on external trusts but is disabled on fores







Configuring Intrasite Replication

Intrasite and intersite replication use the same basic processes to replicateDirectory data

Intersite replication is optimized to take slower WAN links into account

Intrasite replication can be initiated in one of two ways:

Notification

Periodic replication

Intrasite replication involves two main components: Knowledge Consistenc

(KCC) and connection objects







Knowledge Consistency Checker (KCC)

KCC is a process that runs on every DC and, for intrasite replication, buildsreplication topology among DCs in a site and establishes replication partne

The KCC on each domain controller uses data stored in the forest-wide condirectory partition to create the replication topology

The replication topology can be recalculated manually in Active Directory SServices







Connection Objects

Connection objects define the connection parameters between two rpartners

Changes to intrasite connection objects is usually unnecessary, but can be made in Active Directory Sites and Services

General tab in the Properties dialog box is the only one of interest foconnection objects, and contains the following fields:

Change Schedule

Replicate from Server

Replicate from Site

Replicated Naming Context(s)

Partially Replicated Naming Context(s)







Creating Connection Objects

You can create connection objects for intrasite replication if you want to altereplication topology manually

By default, the schedule for a new connection object is set to every 15 minuthis value can be changed

Changing the schedule for connection objects can be useful for troubleshooreplication problems







Checking Replication Status

Active Directory Sites and Services can be used to force the KCC to check replication topology

Repadmin.exe is a tool that will show detailed information about connectionreplication status

To use, type repadmin /showrepl

Repadmin can also be used to show the partitions being replicated by eachobject, force replication to occur, force the KCC to recalculate the topology,

actions







Global Catalog Replication

Global Catalog contains a partial replica of all objects in the forest, maintaingroup memberships, provides cross-domain logon support, and is used to l

objects throughout the forest

Global catalog servers keep inbound connections with a DC in each domaicatalog is built from

Connections between global catalog servers always include replication of thcatalog partition







Global Catalog Replication (cont.)







Special Replication Situations

Most Active Directory database changes follow the regular replication rules

Certain changes require special processing: Urgent replication events (trigger change notifications immediately):

Account lockouts

Changes to the account lockout policy

Changes to the domain password policy

Changes to non-security principal passwords

Password change to a DC computer account

Changes to the RID master DC

User Account password changes







RODC Replication

An RODC is treated like any other domain controller when considering repltopology

Limitations to keep in mind:

Connection between an RODC and a writeable DC is a one-way connection

Two RODCs can replicate with one another, as long as one has an incoming connection writeable DC

The domain directory partition can be replicated only to an RODC from a Windows ServeWindows Server 2003 DCs can replicate other partitions to an RODC

When upgrading a domain from Windows Server 2003, the first Windows Server 2008 D

writeable







Creating Sites

A site is an AD object containing domain controllers and replication settingsusually associated with IP subnets and site links

Sites are usually geographically dispersed and connected by WAN links

When you create a site, you’re asked to select a site link

DEFAULTIPSITELINK is the only choice unless you’ve created other site lin







The Significance of Subnets

After creating a site, you must associate one or more subnets with it

AD uses this information in two important ways: Placing new domain controllers in the appropriate site

Determining which site a client computer belongs to

If a client’s IP address doesn’t match a subnet in any of the defined sites,communication efficiency could degrade because the client might request sfrom servers in remote sites instead of locally







Configuring Site Links

Any new sites you create use the default site link, DEFAULTIPSITELINK, foconnection with other sites

Additional site links can help adjust the replication schedule according to a link characteristics

Descriptive names should be used for site links

A site can exist in more than one site link







Bridgehead Servers

Intersite Topology Generator is responsible for assigning a bridgehead servdirectory partition in the site

Bridgehead servers are responsible for all intersite replication

Bridgehead servers can be designated manually

Repadmin /bridgeheads command can list which DCs in a site are acting abridgehead servers to other sites







Intersite Transport Protocols

Two protocols can be used to replicate between sites:

IP

SMTP

IP is used by default in the DEFAULTIPSITELINK site link and is recommenmost cases

Simple Mail Transport Protocol is used primarily for e-mail and works well foless reliable, or intermittent connections

DC can send multiple replication requests simultaneously without waiting fo







Site Link Bridges

By default, site link bridging is enabled, which makes site links transitive

You can change the transitive behavior of site links by turning off site link brcreating site link bridges manually

Automatic site bridging can lead to over-utilization of a slower WAN link

Other reasons to create site link bridges manually:

Control traffic through firewalls

Accommodate partially routed network

Reduce confusion of the KCC


The Global Catalog and Universal Group Membe






g pCaching

Global catalog servers increase replication traffic

Windows Server 2008 includes universal group membership caching, whicuniversal group membership information to be retrieved from a global cataloa different site, then cached locally on every DC in the site and updated eve

Microsoft recommends placing a global catalog server in the site when the accounts exceeds 500 and the number of DCs exceeds two







Operations Master Best Practices

If you build a new forest, the first DC installed performs all five FSMO roles

This is acceptable for small environments, but larger environments may peif these roles are transferred to separate servers

Common rules for operations masters:

Unless your domain is small, transfer operations master roles to other DCs

Place the servers performing these roles where network availability is high

Designate an alternate DC for all roles







Domain Naming Master

The domain naming master is needed when a domain or domain controllerremoved from the forest

Attempting to add or remove a domain while the DC performing this role is advisable

When possible, the domain naming master should be a direct replication paanother DC that’s also a global catalog server in the same site







Schema Master

The schema master is needed when the Active Directory schema is change

Generally, the schema master role should be transferred to another server you’re certain the original server will be down permanently







PDC Emulator

Processes password changes for older Windows clients (Windows 9x and N

Should be placed where there is a high concentration of users

Shouldn’t be placed on a DC that is also a global catalog server







Infrastructure Master

Role is most needed when many objects have been moved or renamed

Shouldn’t be performed by a DC that’s also a global catalog server, but sholeast in the same site as a global catalog server

If the Master fails, the role can be moved to another DC if necessary







T f i O i M R l ( )



Transferring Operations Master Roles (cont.)

MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directoryhttp://www.examcollectionvce.com/v






Seizing Operations Master Roles

An operations master role is seized when the current role holder is no longebecause of some type of failure

Seizing should never be done when the current role holder is accessible

Seizing is done with the ntdsutil command







Ch t S ( t )



Chapter Summary (cont.)

Before you can install a Windows Server 2008 server as a DC in an existingServer 2003 or Windows 2000 server domain, existing domain controllers m

prepared

Before you can install RODC in an existing domain, the forest functional levat least Windows Server 2003 or higher

To remove a domain controller, you use dcpromo or ntdsutil

Use the Active Directory Migration Tool to migrate accounts from one domato another


Ch t S ( t )







Before creating a trust of any type, DNS must be configured so that FQDNscontrollers in all participating domains can be resolved

Some trust properties you can configure include the trust direction and tranname suffix routing, and authentication

Both intrasite and intersite replication use the same basic processes to repDirectory data; the main goal is to balance data replication timeliness and e


Ch t S ( t )






MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory


A site is an Active Directory object containing domain controllers andsettings for replication within the site and is usually associated with o

more IP subnets and site links

Connection objects provide the connection and replication parametebetween two servers

Bridgehead servers are responsible for all intersite replication

Universal group membership caching resolves the potential conflict

faster logons and additional replication traffic

Deciding where to place the FSMO role holder is part of your overall Directory design strategy

http://www.examcollectionvce.com/v






MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory http://www.examcollectionvce.c

examcollectionvce Exam Features:






50000+ Customer feedbacks involved in Product. Average 100% Success Rate. Over 170 Global Certification Vendors Covered. Services of Professional & Certified Experts available via support. Free 90 days updates to match real exam scenarios. Instant Download Access No Setup required. Exam History and Progress reports. Verified answers researched by industry experts. Study Material updated on regular basis.

Questions / Answers are downloadable in PDF format. Practice / Exam are downloadable in Practice Test Software forma Customize your exam based on your objectives. Self-Assessment features. -Guaranteed Success.

Fast, helpfu

windows server 2008 active directory, configuring exam

Documents