windows xp hardware requirements

8/6/2019 Windows Xp Hardware Requirements

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Logical Topologies: are two types

1. Work group.

2. Domain

Workgroup (peer to peer): Collection of computers connected together to share the resources.

No servers are used.

Only Client OS is mostly used.

Any O/S like, DOS, 95, 98, workstation, win 2000 pro, and XP pro can be configured as

work-group model.

Suitable for smaller organizations.

Where security is not the criteria.

No administrator is required Where we are not using client server based applications. Like oracle, SQL and

exchange etc.

Domain (Client/Server)

Domain is a collection of computers connected together with a server and users

Domain model can have servers like UNIX, Novell NetWare, WIN-NT server, 2000 server,

and

2003 server.

Provides centralized administration.

Suitable for medium to large size networks/organizations.

Suitable when we have client server architecture (Back ends & front ends)

Domain offers security and provides logon authentication.

Suitable if security is criteria

Requires an administrator.


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Windows xp Hardware

Requirements Personal computer with an Intel Pentium 233 megahertz (MHz) or faster processor

(300 MHz or faster processor recommended)

64 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher (128 MB or higher recommended)

1.5 gigabytes (GB) of available hard disk space CD-ROM drive or DVD drive

Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher resolution monitor

Keyboard and Mouse or compatible pointing device


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Create a New User Account in Windows XP

1. Click the "Start" button. Select "Control Panel." Double click"User Accounts," and then click "Create a New Account."

Click "Next.

2. Type the name for the new account and click 'Next.

3. Pick the type of account. Computer administrators can view all

files, alter all the computer settings, make system-widechanges and add, delete or change user accounts. A limited

user can only modify the password for that user account, pick

the desktop appearance, view files created by that user or

view files in the Shared Documents folder.

4. Click "Create Account." The User Account screen willreappear. The new user account will be listed on the list of

accounts.


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Creating user groups in Windows XP

If you've created several user accounts, you can makemanaging access privileges and restrictions easier by

creating separate user groups. For example: childrenand parents. A user group allows you to bring togetherall users having the same access privileges.

1. On your desktop or in the Start menu, right-click on My Computer and select Manage in the drop-down menu2. In the Computer Management window double click on Local Users and Groups

3. Right-click on Groups and select New Group

4. Enter the group name, e.g. Parents and a description, if you like, and then click on Add to select users for the group

5. Enter the user name in the Enter the object names to select field or click Advanced to select users from a list

6. Select the desired users and click OK. Use control-clicks to select more than one user at a time.

7. Click OK to continue.

8. Click on Create to finish.


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NetMeeting on Windows XP

1.Open the Start Menu and select the "Run..." command..

2. Type "conf" into the dialog box, and press the "OK" button. This will launch theMicrosoft NetMeeting configuration wizard.

3. Click "Next" when the configuration wizard starts.

4. Select the listing directory options that you wish NetMeeting to use, and then click

"Next" again.

5. Choose the connection media options that you want to use with NetMeeting, and click

the "Next" button once again.

6. Configure the volume options for NetMeeting, and then click the "Next" button again.

7. Click "Finish" in order to finalize the configuration of NetMeeting on your computer,

and close the configuration wizard

Net meeting is a conferencing client developed by Microsoft that allows usersto interact in real time over the internet. Most people call it a "video

conferencing client", but it is actually capable of much more than that


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Remote Desktop

With Remote Desktop, you can connect to your work computer from home

and access all of your programs, files, and network resources as though you were

actually sitting in front of your computer at work.

1.Right click My computer properties

2.Click the Remote tab, select the Allow users to connect remotely to this

computer check box, and then click OK.

3. Make sure you have Windows Firewall set up to allow exceptions.

Enabling Remote Desktop


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Connecting remote computer to the host computer

1. Click start run.

2. Type mstsc in the run dialogue box.

3. Enter the remote system ip (the system to be connected)

4. Click the connect button.

5. Now you can access the remote computer desktop.

Note: If the remote computer have username and password you have to

enter these details while logging in.

The Protocol working in Remote Desktop Service is RDP (Remote Desktop

Protocol)


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Simple File Sharing in Windows XP

You can do folder and file sharing in your homenetwork, so that they can be read or written by otherusers. However it's not advisable to share your folder

with write permission, unless it's really needed.


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Create Shares

1.Right-click the folder that you want to share and select Sharing and

Security.2.On the Sharing tab, select Share this folder and enter a share name.

Open a shared folder

Create a connection to the shared folder on the computer that you want to use to open

the files. You can connect to the shared folder in two ways:

1.You can directly open the shared folder. This is the quickest way to get to your

shared files.

or

2.You can map a drive letter to the shared folder. This way makes it easier to open

the folder in the future


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Disk Management overviewDisk Management is a system utility for managing harddisks and the volumes, or partitions, that they contain.With Disk Management, you can initialize disks, createvolumes, format volumes with the FAT, FAT32, or NTFSfile systems, and create fault-tolerant disk systems. DiskManagement enables you to perform most disk-relatedtasks without shutting down the system or interruptingusers; most configuration changes take effectimmediately.

To open disk management

Right click My computer

Click manage.

Select Disk management (from right side menu tree)

Run command :diskmgmt.msc


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Disk Defragmenter

Disk Defragmenter consolidates fragmented files and folders on yourcomputer's hard disk, so that each occupies a single, contiguousspace on the volume, As a result, your system can gain access to yourfiles and folders and save new ones more efficiently. By consolidatingyour files and folders, Disk Defragmenter also consolidates thevolume's free space, making it less likely that new files will be

fragmented.

Opening Disk defragmenter

To open Disk Defragmenter, click Start, point to All Programs, point to

Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Disk Defragment.

Run command : dfrg.msc


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Offline files

You can make network files available offline by storingshared files on your computer so that they are

accessible when you are not connected to the network.If you do this, you can work with the files the same waythat you work with them when you are connected to the

network. When you reconnect to the network, changesthat you made to the files are updated to the network.

Configuring your computer to use Offline Files

Click Start, and then click My Computer. On the Tools menu, click Folder Options.

Click the Offline Files tab.

Select the Enable Offline Files check box, and then click OK.

Note:You have to disable Fast user switching in the User profile

to enable offline file


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Making files or folders available offline

Click Start, and then click My Computer.

Click My Network Places.

Double-click the network place that contains the folder or file that youwant to make available offline.

Right-click the file or folder that you want, and then click Make Available

Offline. The Offline Files Wizard starts. Click Next to continue. Select the Automatically synchronize the Offline Files when I log on and

log off my computer check box, and then click Next.

Select the Create a shortcut to the Offline Files folder on my desktopcheck box, and then click Finish. The files are copied to your computer,and a "Shortcut to Offline Files" folder is displayed on the desktop.

NOTE: When you make other files available offline, they are displayed in the"Shortcut to Offline Files" folder


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Disk quotas overview

Disk quotas track and control disk space usage forNTFS volumes Administrators can configure Windowsto:

Prevent further disk space use and log an event whena user exceeds a specified disk space limit, that is, theamount of disk space a user is allowed to use.

Log an event when a user exceeds a specified diskspace warning level, that is, the point at which a user isnearing his or her quota limit.


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To assign default quota

Open My Computer

Right-click the volume for which you want to assign default quota values, and then click Properties.

In the Properties dialog box, click the Quota tab.

On the Quota properties page, select the Enable quota management check box.

Click the Limit disk space to option. This activates fields for disk space limit and warning levels.

Type numeric values in the text fields, select a disk space limit unit from the drop-down list, and thenclick OK. You can use decimal values (for example, 20.5 MB).


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local Security Policies in

Windows XP

Run command : secpol.msc

Start control panel - Administrative Tools - Local Security Policy


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Backup & Restore


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Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003 (sometimes referred to as Win2K3) is a

server operating system produced by Microsoft, introduced on

24 April 2003.


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Windows Server 2003 different editions

Standard Edition

Enterprise Edition

Datacenter Edition

Web Edition


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Windows Server 2003 system requirements


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Active Directory Installation Requirements

An NTFS partition with enough free space

An Administrator's username and password

The correct operating system version

A NIC

Properly configured TCP/IP (IP address, subnet mask and - optional - default gateway)A network connection (to a hub or to another computer via a crossover cable)

An operational DNS server (which can be installed on the DC itself)

A Domain name that you want to use

The Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003 CD media (or at least the i386 folder)


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Active directory installation

Start run - dcpromo


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Active directory tools


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Local usersIn Windows, a local user is one whose username and encrypted

password are stored on the computer itself. When you log in as a localuser, the computer checks its own list of users and its own passwordfile to see if you are allowed to log into the computer. The computeritself then applies all the permissions (e.g., "can use the CD-ROM",

"can install programs") and restrictions (e.g., "cannot installprograms") that are assigned to you for that computer.

Domain usersA domain user is one whose username and password are stored on a domain

controller rather than the computer the user is logging into. When you log in as a

domain user, the computer asks the domain controller what privileges are

assigned to you. When the computer receives an appropriate response from thedomain controller, it logs you in with the proper permissions and restrictions.


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Domain joining


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Different user profiles

1.Default User Profile Supplied by Domain

2. Local profile Profile in the local pc

3. Roaming profile Settings will not change in any machines

4. Mandatory profile Ultimate configuration

Further configurations not possible.


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Roaming Profiles

Roaming profiles contain user workenvironments, which include the

desktop items and settings. Some

examples of these environments arescreen colors, mouse settings, window

size and position, and network andprinter connections. Roaming profiles

are available wherever the user logson, provided the server is available.


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Mandatory profile

A mandatory user profile is a special type of pre-configuredroaming user profile that administrators can use to specifysettings for users. With mandatory user profiles, a user can

modify his or her desktop, but the changes are not saved whenthe user logs off. The next time the user logs on, themandatory user profile created by the administrator is

downloaded.

User profiles become mandatory profiles when theadministrator renames the NTuser.dat file (the registry hive) on

the server to NTuser.man. The .man extension causes theuser profile to be a read-only profile.


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Shadow Copies of Shared

Folders

Shadow Copies of Shared Folders

enables you to recover deleted or

changed files that are stored on the

network, thereby increasing productivity

and reducing administrative costs.


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Configure Shadow Copies

1.Click Start, right-click My Computer, and then click Manage.

2.Right-click Shared Folders, point to All Tasks, and then clickConfigure Shadow Copies.

3.In the Select a volume list, click the drive that contains the fileshare resource that you want to create a shadow copy for. Forexample, click drive R.

4.Click Settings, and then click the destination drive for theshadow copy in the Located on this volume list.

5.Note To appear in the Located on this volume list, thedestination drive must contain a share.

6.If you do not want to configure a limit to the size of the shadowcopy, click No limit.

7.Click OK, and then click Enable.

8.Click Yes to enable shadow copies.

9.Note There may be a delay while the initial shadow copy iscreated.

10. Click OK.


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Hardware profile

A hardware profile is a set of instructions that tellsWindows which devices to start when you start your

computer or which settings to use for each device. Whenyou first install Windows, a hardware profile called Profile 1

(for laptops, the profiles are Docked Profile or UndockedProfile) is created. By default, every device that is installed

on your computer at the time you install Windows isenabled in the Profile 1 hardware profile.


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Create a hardware profile

1.Open System in Control Panel.

1. On the Hardware tab, click Hardware Profiles.

2. Under Available hardware profiles, click Profile 1 (Current), and then clickCopy.

3. Type a name for the new hardware profile, and then click OK.

4. You can customize your new profile by enabling or disabling devices for thatprofile in Device Manager. For more information about Device Manager, clickRelated Topics.


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Users and Groups


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Organizational unit

An Organizational unit is a container in

active directory domain environment

that can contain domain users, domain

groups, domain controllers, published

folders, client computers, etc.


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Creating Organizational units

1. Log on to the domain controller with administrator privileges.

2. Click on Start button.

3. From the start menu go to Administrative Tools and from the

submenu click on Active Directory Users and Computers.4. From Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in right click on thedomain name which in this case is TESTDOMAIN.COM.

5. From the context menu go to New and from the submenu click onOrganizational Unit.

6. On the New Object-Organizational Unit page type the name of the newOrganizational unit that you want to create and click on Ok button to

create the OU.


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Delegate controls


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Domain controller security policy


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Backup & Restore


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Types of backup

The Backup utility supports five methods

of backing up data on your computer or

network.


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1. Copy backup

2. Daily backup

3. Differential backup

4. Incremental backup

5. Normal backup


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Normal backup

The normal backup is normal .It simplymeans that it copies all the files you have

marked to be backed up, and marks the filesas having been backed up.


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Copy backup

A copy backup copies all the files you select,but does not mark each file as having been

backed up (in other words, the archiveattribute is not cleared). Copying is useful ifyou want to back up files between normal andincremental backups because copying does

not affect these other backup operations.


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Daily backup

A daily backup copies all the files

that you select that have beenmodified on the day the daily

backup is performed.


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Incremental backup

The incremental backup backs up only thosefiles that have been created or changed since

last incremental or normal backup. It alsomarks the files as having been backed up.


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Differential backup

The differential backup is similar to the

incremental backup and only copies files that

have been created or changed since the last

normal or incremental backup.


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Infra 1


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What is DHCP?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

is a network protocol that enables a server to

automatically assign an IP address to a

computer from a defined range of numbers(i.e., a scope) configured for a given network.


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DHCP Overview

Lease IP addresses for a specific amount of time to DHCP clients, and then automatically renew the IPaddresses when the client requests a renewal.

Update DHCP client parameters automatically by changing a server or scope option at the DHCP serverrather than performing this action individually on all DHCP clients.

Reserve IP addresses for specific computers or other devices so that they always have the same IPaddress and also receive the most up-to-date DHCP options.

Exclude IP addresses or address ranges from distribution by the DHCP server so that these IP addressesand ranges can be used to statically configure servers, routers, and other devices that require static IPaddresses.

Provide DHCP services to many subnets, if all routers between the DHCP server and the subnet for which

you want to provide service are configured to forward DHCP messages.

Configure the DHCP server to perform DNS name registration services for DHCP clients.

Provide multicast address assignment for IP-based DHCP clients.


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1.A user turns on a computer with a DHCP client.

2.The client computer sends a broadcast request (called a

DISCOVER or DHCPDISCOVER), looking for a DHCP server to

answer.

3.The router directs the DISCOVER packet to the correct DHCP

server.

4.The server receives the DISCOVER packet. Based on availability

and usage policies set on the server, the server determines an

appropriate address (if any) to give to the client. The server then

temporarily reserves that address for the client and sends back to

the client an OFFER (or DHCPOFFER) packet, with that address

information. The server also configures the client's DNS servers,

WINS servers, NTP servers, and sometimes other services as well.

5The client sends a REQUEST (or DHCPREQUEST) packet, letting

the server know that it intends to use the address.

6.The server sends an ACK (or DHCPACK) packet, confirming that

the client has a been given a lease on the address for a server-

specified period of time.

I t ll th DHCP S i


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Install the DHCP Service on an

Existing Server

1. Click Start, point to Control Panel, and then click Add orRemove Programs.

2. In the Add or Remove Programs dialog box, clickAdd/Remove Windows Components.

3. In the Windows Components Wizard, click NetworkingServices in the Components list, and then click Details.

4. In the Networking Services dialog box, click to select theDynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) checkbox, and then click OK.

5. In the Windows Components Wizard, click Next to start

Setup. Insert the Windows Server 2003 CD-ROM into thecomputer's CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive if you areprompted to do so. Setup copies the DHCP server and toolfiles to your computer.

6. When Setup is completed, click Finish.


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DORA PROCESS

DISCOVER:When a client is configured with the ipsetting to obtain Ip address automatically. Then the

client will search forDHCP server and the UDPBroadcast to the server about the DHCP discover

OFFER: DHCP Server will offers a scope of ipaddress available in the pool.

REQUEST: In response to the offer, the Client willrequests for an ip address.

ACKNOWLEDGE: In response to the request, server

will responds with all Ip address, Mask, Gty, Dns andwins info along with the acknowledgment packet.


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DNS

Domain Name System

Domain Name Server


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DNS

Domain Name System (DNS) is a system for namingcomputers and network services that is organized into ahierarchy of domains. DNS naming is used in TCP/IP

networks, such as the Internet, to locate computers andservices with user-friendly names. When a user enters a DNSname in an application, DNS services can resolve the name toother information that is associated with the name, such as anIP address.


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Forward lookup zone

A forward lookup zone is a DNS zone in which

hostname to IP address relations are stored.

When a computer requests the IP address of a

specific hostname, the forward lookup zone is

queried and the result is returned.


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Reverse lookup zone

A reverse lookup zone does just the opposite.

When a computer requests the hostname ofan IP address, the reverse lookup zone is

queried and the result is returned.


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Zone types

Primary Zone: Standard and Active DirectoryIntegratedHolds Read and Write copies of all resourcerecords .

Secondary Zone:Read only copies of records, gets updates fromthe primary server by zone transfer.

Stub Zone:New in Windows 2003, a sub zone with justpointers to another domain.


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RIS

Remote Installation Server