winmeen vao mission 100 vao mission 100 2018 – don’t share with anyone

Winmeen VAO Mission 100 2018

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mwptpay; ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs;

gFjp – 2

1. tpyq;FfSk; mtw;wpypUe;J ngwg;gLfpd;w nghUs;fSk; kdpjDf;Fg; gy tiffspy; gad;gLfpd;wd. tpyq;fspd; cgNahfj;ijg; nghUj;J mit %d;W tifg;gLk;.

czT jUk; tpyq;Ffs; : ghy;> Kl;il kw;Wk; ,iwr;rpf;fhf tpyq;Ffs; tsh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. gR ,dq;fs; Kf;fpakhf mit jUk; ghYf;fhf tsh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. v.fh. n[h;rp. rpy Ml;bdq;fs; mjd; ghy; kw;Wk; NjdPf;fs; ekf;Fj; Njidf; nfhLf;fpwJ. kPd; ,dq;fs; Gujk; rhh;e;j cztpw;F xU ey;y %ykhf cs;sd.

cNuhkk; jUk; tpyq;Ffs; : nrk;kwp ML> nts;shL> yhkh vd;w xU tif fk;gsp ML Nghd;w tpyq;Ffs; ekf;F cNuhkj;ijj; jUfpd;wd. ,e;j cNuhkq;fis rhpahd Kiwapy; gjg;gLj;jp fk;gsp jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. gl;Lg;GO ekf;Fg; gl;L ,ioapidj; jUfpwJ.

,Oit tpyq;Ffs;: Vh; cOtjw;Fk;> tz;b ,Og;gjw;Fk; gad;gLk; tpyq;Ffs; ,Oit tpyq;Ffs; MFk;. vUJ> fhiskhL (fhq;Nfak;) Fjpiu> ahid> fOij Nghd;w tpyq;Ffs; tpis epyq;fis cOtjw;Fk;> Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;Fk; cgNahfg;gLfpd;wd.

2. tpyq;FfspypUe;J ngwg;gLk; nghUs;fs;: tpyq;fpdq;fs; ekf;Ff; fk;gsp> gl;L> ghy;> Njd;> ,iwr;rp> Njhy;> Kj;J> Kl;il> muf;F Nghd;w gytifg;gl;l nghUs;fisj; jUfpd;wd.

3. fk;gsp : nrk;kwp ML> nts;shL> ril vUik (ahf;) Nghd;w tpyq;Ffspd; Njhypd; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLk; jbj;j cNuhkq;fshy; Md ,ioNa fk;gsp vdg;gLk;> ,J Gujj;jpdhy; MdJ. ek;ehl;by; fk;gsp cw;gj;jpf;nfd gy;NtW tifahd nrk;kwpahl;L ,dq;fs; tsh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.

nrk;kwp Ml;bd; Njhypy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLk; cNuhkk; ,Utifg;gLk;. 1. nrhunrhug;ghd cNuhkk;. 2. kpUJthd nky;ypa cNuhkk;.

4. nghJthf nky;ypa cNuhkq;fs; fk;gsp ,io jahhpf;fg; gad;gLfpd;wd. jpngj; kw;Wk; fh\;kPh;g; gFjpfspy; cs;s mq;Nfhuhf; nts;shLfspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLk; fk;gsp mq;Nfhuh fk;gsp vdg;gLk;. fh\;kPhpy; cs;s nts;shL g];kpdh. ,jd; fPo;g;gFjpapy; cs;s cNuhkq;fspy; ,Ue;J nea;ag;gLk; kpUJthd rhy;itNa g];kpdh rhy;itfs;. ,it kpUJthdJ kw;Wk; tpiy cah;e;jJ.

5. M];jpNuypa tpQ;Qhdpfs;> Ml;by; ,Ue;J cNuhkj;ijf; fj;jhpf;f xU GJKiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;Js;sdh;. Njhypidr; Nrjg;gLj;jhky; fk;gspia vLf;Fk; ,e;jg; Gjpa Kiwf;Fg; “gNahfpspg;” vd;w ngah;.

6. gl;L: gl;L vd;gJ gl;Lg;g+r;rpaplkpUe;J ngwg;gLk; ,aw;if ,ioahFk;. gl;Lg;GOf;fspd; ckpo; ePh;r; Rug;gpfspy; Ruf;fg;gLk; Gujg; nghUNs gl;L ,ioahFk;. ky;nghp gl;Lg;GOf;fspd; ,sk; caphpf; $Lfspy; (ff;$d;) ,Ue;J



ngwg;gLk; gl;L ,ioNa kpfr; rpwe;j gl;L ,io vdf; fUjg;gLfpwJ. gl;Lj;Jzpfis Kjypy; cUthf;fpath;fs; gz;ila rPdh;fs; Mth;.

gl;bd; gad;fs;: gl;lhilfs;> ghuh#l; jahhpf;fTk;> njhiyNgrp kw;Wk; fk;gpapy;yh Vw;gpapy; fhg;gplg;gl;l fk;gpr;RUshfTk; gl;Lg; gad;gLfpwJ.

7. J}agl;L vd;gJ gl;Lg;G+r;rpaplkpUe;J fpilf;Fk; kpUJthd ,aw;if ,io MFk;. ,J “,iofspd; ,uhzp” vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

8. gl;L cw;gj;jpf;nfdg; gl;Lg;GOf;fis tsh;f;Fk; Kiwf;Fg; gl;Lg;GO tsh;g;G vd;W ngah;. ,e;jpahtpd; kpfj;njhd;ikahd njhopy;fspy; ,JTk; xd;W. gl;Lg;GOtpd; $l;bypUe;J ngwg;gLk; xU ,ioNa gl;L ,io vd;gjhFk;. gytpjkhd nertpd; jd;ikf;Nfw;w gytpjkhd gl;L cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

9. gy;NtW gl;L tiffs;: 1. ky;nghp gl;L> 2. l]hh; gl;L> 3. vhp gl;L> 4. Kfh gl;L. nghJthfNt kpf mjpf mstpy; gadpy; cs;sJ ky;nghp gl;L MFk;. ky;nghp gl;Lj; juj;jpy; rpwe;jJ. Vnddpy;> ,J nkd;ikahd> gsgsg;ghd ntsph; kQ;rs; epwk; nfhz;lJ. gl;Lg;GOf;fspd; Rug;gpfspy; ,Ue;J Ruf;fg;gLk; nghUNs gl;L ,ioahFk;.

10. gl;L ,io jahhpj;jypd; epiyfs;: 1. ngz; gl;Lg;gO> xNu Neuj;jpy; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Kl;ilfis ,Lk;. 2. ,k;Kl;ilfisr; Rfhjhukhd #o;epiyapy;> cfe;j ntg;g epiyapy; itf;f Ntz;Lk;. 3. ,sk; caphpfs; Kl;ilfspy; ,Ue;J ntsptUk;NghJ> ,itfs; ky;nghp vd;w KRf;nfhl;il ,iyfis cz;fpd;wd. 4. 25 Kjy; 30 ehs; cz;l gpwF ,iofshy; jd;idr; Rw;wp mikj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; miwNa $L (ff;$d;) vdg;gLk;. 5. ,f;$Lfisf; nfhjpf;Fk; ePhpy; %o;f itj;Jg; gpd;dh;g; gl;L ,iofshfg; gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 6.gl;Lf;$l;bypUe;J ,iofisg; gphpj;njLf;Fk; Kiwf;Fr; RUSjy; vdg;ngah;. 7.,e;j ,iofs;> gpd; gl;Lj;Jzpahf nea;ag;gLfpwJ.

11. rPdhitr; Nrh;e;j irypq;rp vd;w Nguurpjhd; Kjd;Kjypy; gl;ilf; fz;Lgpbj;jjhf ek;gg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpah> cyfpd; gl;L cw;gj;jpapy; ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ. jkpo;ehl;by; gl;L cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; Kf;fpa ,lq;fs; rpy fhQ;rpGuk;> rpWte;jhL> jpUGtdk;> Muzp MFk;.

12. Njd;$l;by; %tifahd NjdPf;fs; cs;sd. mitahtd : 1.,uhzpj; NjdP (ngz; NjdP) 2. bNuhd; (Mz; NjdP) 3.Ntiyf;fhuj; NjdP (kyl;Lg;ngz; NjdP).

13. xU Njd; $l;by; xNu xU ,uhzpj;NjdP kl;LNk fhzg;gLk;. Kl;ilapLtNj ,uhzpj; NjdPapd; NtiyahFk;. ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F cjTk; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Mz; NjdPf;fs; mq;F cs;sd. Ntiyf;fhuj;NjdP Mapuf;fzf;fpy; fhzg;gLk;. ,it gy Ntiyfisr; nra;Ak;. Njd; czthfg; gad;gLfpwJ. rpj;j kUj;Jtk;> MAh;Ntjh kw;Wk; Adhdp Nghd;w kUj;Jtj; Jiwfspy; kUe;J jahhpg;gpy; Njd; gad;gLfpwJ. NjdPf;fs; nkOif cw;gj;jp nra;fpwJ. ,J nkOFtj;jp jahhpg;gpy; gad;gLfpwJ.

14. rpy ,e;jpa tifj; NjdPf;fs;: ghiwj; NjdP (Vgp]; lhh;Nrl;lh)> rpwpa NjdP (Vgp]; GNshhpah> ,e;jpaj; NjdP (Vgp]; ,z;bfh)

15. Njdpy; cs;s $l;Lg; nghUspd; msT>



rh;f;fiu - 75%

ePH - 17%

jhJ cg;Gfs; - 8%

16. jw;fhyj;jpy;> Njid mjpf mstpy; cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;nfdj; NjdPf;fs; tsh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. Njd; cw;gj;jpf;nfd kpf mjpf mstpy; NjdPf;fs; tsh;f;Fk; KiwNa NjdP tsh;g;G vdg;gLk;. ed;F mwpag;gl;l ,j;jhypa ,dk; Vgp]; nky;ypnguh. ,it NjdP tsh;g;Gf;F cfe;j ,dk;. Vnddpy;> ,it kpf mjpf Njid cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; jpwd; cilad. NkYk; nfhl;Lk; jd;ikAk; Fiwthf cs;sd.

17. jkpo;ehl;by; ehkf;fy; khtl;lk; Nfhopg;gz;izj; njhopypy; Gfo;ngw;W tpsq;FfpwJ.

18. nts;spg; Gul;rp: ,e;jpahtpy; Kl;il cw;gj;jpia mjpfg;gLj;j Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Gjpa mwptpay; eilKiwf;F nts;spg; Gul;rp vd;W ngah;.

19. jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s rpy Kf;fpa ruhzhyaq;fs; : Ntle;jhq;fy;> KJkiy> Kz;le;Jiw> fsf;fhL kw;Wk; Nfhbaf;fiu

20. tpyq;Ffs; njhlh;e;J ,y;yhJ ,Ue;jhy; mit mope;j ,dk; vdg;gLk;. xU tpyq;F mopaf;$ba epiyapy; Mgj;jhd epiyapy; ,Ue;jhy;> mit mope;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,dk; vdg;gLk;. tdtpyq;F ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; guhkhpj;jiy tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;G vd;fpNwhk;.

21. GSfpuh]; vd;gJ tpyq;Ffspd; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l xU gjpT nra;ag;gl;l mikg;ghFk;> guhkhpg;G ,y;yhj tpyq;FfSf;F ,Ug;gplk; Vw;gLj;jpj; jUtJk;> ghJfhg;igj; jUtJk; ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

22. czT+l;l Kiw: jw;rhh;G Cl;lKiw (Auto = Self : trophps = nourishment), gpw rhh;G Cl;lKiw (Hetero = other ; Trophs = nourishment). caphpdq;fspy; gRe;jhtuq;fs; kl;LNk jkf;Fj; Njitahd czTg; nghUs;fisj; jhNk jahhpf;f KbAk;. ,it mjw;F kl;Lkpd;wpg; gpw caphpdq;fSf;Fk;> czit mspf;fpd;wd. jkf;Fj; Njitahd czitj; jhNk jahhpf;Fk; czt+l;l KiwNa jw;rhh;G Cl;lKiw vdg;gLk;. ,k;Kiwapy; czitj; jahhpf;Fk; caphpdq;fs; jw;rhh;G Cl;l caphpfs; vdg;gLk;. v.fh. gRj;jhtuq;fs;. gr;irakw;w jhtuk; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs; gy Vw;nfdNt jhtuq;fshy; jahhpf;fg;gl;l czitAk;> rpy tpyq;FfisAk; czthf cl;nfhs;fpd;wd. cztpw;fhfg; gpw caphpdq;fisr; rhh;e;J ,Uf;Fk; Cl;l Kiwf;Fg; gpwrhh;G Cl;lKiw vdg;gLk;. ,k;Kiwapy; czit cl;nfhs;Sk; caphpfs; gpwrhh;G Cl;l caphpfs; vdg;gLk;. v.fh. kdpjd; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs;.

23. ePh;> fhpakpythA> #hpa xsp kw;Wk; gr;irak; Nghd;wtw;wpd; cjtpNahL jhtuq;fs; jq;fSf;fhd cztpidj; jahhpf;Fk; epfo;r;rpf;F xspr;Nrh;f;if vd;W ngah;.

24. Xspr;Nrh;f;if tpidapidf; fPNo cs;sthW Fwpg;gplyhk;.



25. gr;irak; mw;w jhtuq;fs; rpytw;why; cztpidj; jahhpf;f KbahJ. ,j;jhtuq;fs; cztpw;fhf kw;w jhtuq;fisr; rhh;e;Js;sd. ,it gpw rhh;G Cl;lKiwiag; gpd;gw;WfpwJ. ,it rhWz;zpfs; (kf;Fz;zp)> xl;Lz;zpfs;> G+r;rpAz;zpfs; Nghd;witahFk;.

29. G+Q;irfs; fhpkg;nghUs;fs; kPJ nehjpfisr; Rue;J mtw;iwf; fiuaf;$ba vspa rj;Js;s nghUs;fshf khw;wp cwpQ;rpf;nfhs;fpd;wd. ,e;j tifahd czT+l;l Kiw rhWz;zp czT+l;lKiw vd;Wk;> mj;jifa jhtuq;fs; rhWz;zpfs; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. v.fh. fhshd;> nuhl;bf; fhshd;.

30. Xl;Lz;zpfs;: kQ;rs; epwf; Foy; Nghd;w mikg;Gfs;> kuj;jpd; jz;ilr; Rw;wpAs;sijg; ghh;f;f KbAk;. ,j;jhtuj;jpd; ngah; f];Fl;lh. gr;irak; ,y;yhjjhy; mtw;why; xspr;Nrh;f;if nra;a Kbtjpy;iy. ,it ve;j kuj;jpd; jz;ilr; Rw;wpAs;sNjh> me;j kuj;ijNa cztpw;fhfr; rhh;e;Js;sJ. czit mspg;gjhy; mk;kuk; Xk;Gaphp vdTk;. ,t;tij jhtuq;fs; xl;Lz;zp vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;.

31. G+r;rp cz;Zk; jhtuq;fs;: tPd]; /gpisl;uhg; (G+r;rp cs;Ns Eiojy;)> neg;ge;j]; (FLitj; jhtuk;)> tPd]; /gpisl;uhg; (G+r;rp rpf;fpf; nfhs;Sjy;)

32. $l;Laph;j; jhtuq;fs;: ,t;TzT+l;l Kiwapy; ,uz;L caphpdq;fs; ,ize;J tho;fpd;wd. xd;W kw;nwhd;why; gad; milAk;. v.fh. iyf;fd;fs;. iyf;fd;fs; vd;gJ My;fh kw;Wk; g+Q;ir ,ilNa fhzg;gLk; $l;Laph; tho;f;if MFk;. G+Q;ir clyj;jpd; kPJ My;fh tsUk;. G+Q;ir kz;zpy; cs;s ePh; kw;Wk; fdpkq;fis cwpQ;rp My;fhtpw;F cjTfpd;wJ. My;fh gRikahf ,Ug;gjhy;> xspr;Nrh;f;ifapd; %yk; czT cw;gj;jp nra;J G+Q;irf;F toq;FfpwJ. ,q;F ,U caphpdq;fSk; xd;W kw;nwhd;why; gad; milfpd;wd. ,U ntt;NgW caphpdq;fs; xd;whf ,ize;J tho;e;J xd;W kw;nwhd;why; gad; mile;jhy;> mt;tho;f;if Kiw $l;Laph; tho;f;ifKiw vdg;gLk;. ,t;Taphpfs; $l;Laphpfs; vdg;gLfpd;wd.

33. nghJthf tpyq;Ffs; jpl czTfis cl;nfhs;fpd;wd. ,k;Kiwahd Cl;lj;jpw;F KOtpOq;F Cl;lKiw (N`hNyhNrhapf; Cl;lKiw) vdg;gLk;.

34. czT+l;lj;jpy; cs;s Ie;J gb epiyfs;: cl;nfhs;Sjy;> czT tpOq;FjiyNa cl;nfhs;Sjy; vd;fpNwhk;. caphpdq;fspilNa czT cl;nfhs;Sk; Kiw NtWgl;Lf; fhzg;gLfpwJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> tz;zj;Jg;G+r;rp kw;Wk; NjdPf;fs; kyhpypUe;J czit cwpQ;Rfpd;wd. ghk;G kw;Wk; jtis czit tpOq;Ffpd;wd. ePh;tho; tpyq;Ffs; (ePyj;jpkpq;fyk;) czit tbfl;Lfpd;wd. nrhpj;jy;> rpf;fyhd %yf;$Wfshy; Md cztpid nehjpfspd; cjtpahy; rpijf;fg;gl;L vspa %yf;$Wfshf khw;Wfpd;w epfo;r;rpNa nrhpj;jy; vdg;gLk;. cwpQ;Rjy;> nrhpf;fg;gl;l czT Flw;Rthpy; cs;s FlYwpQ;rpfs; %yk; cwpQ;rg;gLk; epfo;r;rpNa cwpQ;Rjy; vdg;gLk;. jd;kakhjy;> cwpQ;rg;gl;l



czthdJ nry;ypDs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjkhf khw;wk; miltNj jd;kakhjy; vdg;gLk;. ntspNaWjy;> nrhpf;fg;glhj czT kyg;Gio topahf ntspNaWtijNa ntspNaWjy; vd;fpNwhk;.

35. mkPghtpy; czT+l;lk;> mkPgh xU nry; caphp. ,J Njq;fpa ePh; epiyfspy; tho;fpd;wJ. ,it Ez;Zaphpfis cl;nfhs;fpd;wd. mkPgh xU nry; caphpahf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> jpl czit cly; Nkw;gug;G topahf vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. Mjyhy;> ,t;tif czT+l;lj;jpw;F KO tpOq;F Cl;lKiw (N`hNyhNrhapf; Cl;lKiw) vd;W ngah;. mkPghtpd; clw;gug;G czit vjph; nfhs;Sk; NghJ ,it ngha;f;fhy;fs; %ykhf czit KOtJkhf tpOq;fp czTf;Fkpo;fSf;Fs; cs;s nehjpfspd; cjtpahy; czT nrhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. nrhpf;fg;gl;l czT guty; %ykhfr; nry; KOtJk; guTfpd;wd. tsh;r;rpf;Fj; Njitahd Gujq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk;> Mw;wiyg; ngWtjw;Fk; mkPgh czitg; gad;gLj;JfpwJ. Nrhpf;fg;glhj czit cly; Nkw;gug;G topahf clypypUe;J ntspNaw;WfpwJ.

36. nrhpkhd kz;lyk; vd;gJ tha;> czTf;Foy;> ,iug;ig> rpWFly;> ngUq;fly; kw;Wk; kyg;Gio Mfpatw;why; MdJ.

37. tha;: ehk; tha; topahf cztpid cl;nfhs;fpNwhk;. tha;f;FopapDs; gw;fs;> ehf;F kw;Wk; ckpo;ePh;r; Rug;gpfs; cs;sd.

38. ckpo;ePh;r; Rug;gpfs;: tha;f; FopapDs; %d;W N[hb ckpo; ePh;r; Rug;gpfs; cs;sd. ,r;Rug;gpfs; Ruf;fpd;w ePh; Nghd;w jputj;jpw;F ckpo;ePh; vd;W ngah;. ,it czit <ukhf;Ftjhy; ek;khy; vspjhf ,tw;iw tpOq;f Kbfpd;wJ. ,jpy; cs;s mikNy]; vd;w nehjpahdJ ];lhh;r; nrhpj;jYf;F cjTfpd;wd.

39. czTf;Foy;: tha;f;FopiaAk; ,iug;igiaAk; ,izf;Fk; Xh; Foha;. tha;f; FopapypUe;J czT ,iug;igf;Fs; nry;tjw;F cjTfpd;wJ.

40. ,iug;ig: ,iug;ig vd;gJ Xh; ig Nghd;w mikg;ghFk;. ,q;F czT NkYk; nrhpf;fg;gl;Lf; $o;kkhf khWfpwJ. ,iug;ig Ruf;Fk; nehjpf;F ,iug;ig ePh; vd;W ngah;. ,/J czT nrhpj;jYf;Fg; gad;gLfpd;wJ.

41. rpWFly;: ,J Rkhh; 7 kPl;lh; ePsKila ePz;l Foha;. ,q;F czthdJ gpj;jePh;> fizaePh;> rpWFly;ePh; ,tw;Wld; fyf;fpd;wd. ,it czit KOtJkhfr; nrhpf;f cjTfpd;wd. nrhpj;jypd; Kbtpy;> fhh;Nghi`l;Nul;Lfs; rpije;J FSf;Nfh]hfTk;> Gujq;fs; rpije;J mkpNdh mkpyq;fshfTk;> nfhOg;Gfs; rpije;J nfhOg;G mkpyq;fshfTk; khWfpd;wd. nrhpf;fg;gl;l czT rpW Flypy; cs;s FlYwpQ;rpfs; %yk; cwpQ;rg;gLfpd;wd.

42. ngUq;Fly;: ,J Rkhh; 1.5 kPl;lh; ePsKilaJ. ,J ePiu cwpQ;r cjTfpwJ. nrhpf;fg;glhj czitj; jw;fhypfkhfr; Nrfhpf;Fk; ,lkhf ,/J cs;sJ. ,q;Fr; nrhpj;jy; eilngWtJ ,y;iy.

43. kyg;Gio: nrhpf;fg;glhj czT kw;Wk; fopTg;nghUs;fs; kyg;Gio topahf ntspNaWfpwJ. ,jw;F ntspNaWjy; vd;W ngah;. czthdJ vg;gb czT kz;lyj;jpw;Fs; nry;fpwJ vd;gijg; ghh;g;Nghkh? Fly; jirfspd; rPuhd



RUq;Fjy; kw;Wk; tphptiljyhy; czthdJ czTf;FoypypUe;J kyg;Giof;F miyNghd;W nry;fpwJ. ,t;tiy ,af;fj;jpw;Ff; Fly;jir miyT vd;W ngah;.

44. gw;fspd; tiffs;: ek; tho;ehspy; ekf;F ,uz;L tifahd gw;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. xU taJ Foe;ijahf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ Njhd;Wk; gw;fs; Kjy;tif. ,jw;Fg; ghy;gw;fs; vd;W ngah;. ,tw;wpd; vz;zpf;if 20 Mf ,Uf;Fk;> ,g;ghy;gw;fs; Foe;ijapd; VO my;yJ vl;L taJ tiu kl;LNk ,Uf;Fk;. ghy;gw;fs; tpOe;jTld;> Gjpa tifg;gw;fs; tsh;fpd;wd. ,g;gw;fSf;F epiyj;j gw;fs; vd;W ngah;> ,tw;wpd; vz;zpf;if 32 Mf ,Uf;Fk;. ,g;gw;fspy; 16 Nkw;Gwj;jhilapYk;> 16 fPo;g;Gwj;jhilapYk; cs;sd. midj;Jg;gw;fSk; xNu khjphpahf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. ,it ehd;F tifg;gLk;. KiwNa ntl;Lg;gw;fs;> Nfhiug;gw;fs;> Kd;> gpd; filtha;g;gw;fs; MFk;.

45. ntl;Lg;gw;fs;: thapd; Kd;gFjpapy; cspNghd;W fhzg;gLk; gw;fs; ntl;Lg; gw;fshFk;. Xt;nthU jhilapYk; ehd;F gw;fs; tPjkhf nkhj;jk; vl;Lg; gw;fs; cs;sd. ,it czitf; fbg;gjw;F cjTfpd;wd.

46. mirNghLk; ghY}l;bfs;: ML> gR kw;Wk; vUik Nghd;w rpy Gw;fs; cz;Zk; tpyq;Ffis cw;WNehf;fTk;. mt;tpyq;Ffs; czit cz;zhj NghJk; Xa;T epiyapypUf;Fk; NghJk; mirNghl;Lf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. ,tw;wpf;Fr; rpwg;G tha;e;j nrhpkhd kz;lyk; cs;sd. ,jd; ,iug;igapy; ehd;F miwfs; cs;sd> mtrukhf cl;nfhz;l Gw;fis ,iug;igapy; cs;s Kjy; miwapy; Nrfhpf;fpwJ. ,jw;F &kd; vdg;ngah;.

47. gw;fspy; mjpf msT nry;YNyh]; vd;w xU tifahd fhh;Nghi`l;Nul; cs;sJ. jhtu cz;zpfs; ,ijr; nrhpf;fpd;wd. kw;w tpyq;Ffs; kw;Wk; kdpjdhy; nryYNyhirr; nrhpf;f ,ayhJ. mirNghLk; ghY}l;bfspy; xUtifahd igNghd;W fhzg;gLk; cWg;Gf;Fr; rPf;fk; vd;W ngah;. ,J rpW FlYf;Fk; ngUq;FlYf;Fk; ,ilNa fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jg; igapYs;s ghf;Bhpahf;fspy; ,Ue;J Ruf;fg;gLk; nehjpahd nry;YNy];> nry;YNyhirr; nrhpf;fg;gad;gLfpwJ.

48. capuZf;fshy; cUthf;fg;gLk; caphpfs; capUs;sit vdg;gLk;. v.fh. jhtuq;fs;> tpyq;Ffs;. capuZf;fs; mw;w jplg;nghUs;fshy; Mdit capuw;wit vdg;gLk;. v.fh. fw;ghiw> Gj;jfk;.

49. thh;kpq; vd;w jhtutpay; mwpQh; jhtuq;fis> ePh;j;Njitapd; mbg;gilapy; %d;W tiffshfg; gphpj;jhh;. mitahtd. 1. ePh;tho;j; jhtuq;fs;> 2. ,ilepiyj; jhtuq;fs;> 3.twz;l epyj; jhtuq;fs;

50. ePh;tho;j; jhtuq;fs;: mjpf ePh; cs;s gFjpfshd Fsk;> Fl;il> Vhp> MW> fly; Nghd;w thoplq;fspy; thOk; jhtuq;fs; ePh;tho;j; jhtuq;fs; vdg;gLfpd;wd. ,it %tifg;gLk;. jdpj;J kpjf;Fk; ePh;tho;j; jhtuq;fs;. ,j;jhtuq;fs; ePh;g;gug;gpd; kPJ jdpj;J kpjf;fpd;wd. v.fh. Mfhaj; jhkiu. Nt&d;wp kpjf;Fk; ePh;tho;j; jhtuq;fs;. ,e;j ePh;tho;j; jhtuq;fs; Fsj;jpd; mbg;Gw kz;zpy; Nt&d;wp ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;wpd; ,iyfs;> ePh;g; gug;gpd; kPJ kpjf;fpd;wd. v.fh. my;yp> jhkiu. %o;fpa ePh;tho;j; jhtuq;fs;. ,j;jhtuq;fs; KOtJk; ePhpy; %o;fp> kz;zpy; Nt&d;wp cs;sd. v.fh. thyp];Ndhpah.



51. ,ilepyj; jhuq;fs;: kpjkhd ePh; cs;s ,lq;fspy; thOk; jhtuq;fs; ,ilepyj; jhtuq;fs; vdg;gLk;. mjpf ePNuh kpff; Fiwe;j ePNuh cs;s ,lq;fspy; ,j;jhtuq;fshy; tsu ,ayhJ. ngUk;ghyhd gaph;j; jhtuq;fs; ,ilepyj;jhtuq;fs; MFk;. v.fh. NfhJik> kf;fhr;Nrhsk;> #hpafhe;jp> kh> Ntk;G

52. ,ilepyj; jhtuq;fspd; jftikTfs;: ed;F tsh;r;rp mile;j Nth;j;njhFg;G. ,iyfs; ngUk;ghYk; nghpait kw;Wk; mfykhdit.

53. twz;l epyj; jhtuq;fs;: twz;l epyg;gFjpapy; thOk; jhtuq;fs; twz;l epyj; jhtuq;fs; vdg;gLk; ,j;jhtuq;fs; ePh;g; gw;whf;Fiw> mjpf ntg;gepiy> Ntfkhd fhw;W Nghd;w #o;epiyfisj; jhq;Fk; jpwidg; ngw;W tsUk; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;lit. v.fh. rg;ghj;jpf; fs;sp

54. rpW nrbfs;: nkd;ikahd jz;L cila gRikahd rpwpa jhtuq;fs; rpW nrbfs; vdg;gLk;. jz;L fl;ilj; jd;ikaw;W> xU kPl;lh; cauj;jpw;Fs; jhd; tsh;r;rpailAk;. v.fh. Ks;sq;fp> NfhJik> ney;> #hpafhe;jp.

55. Gjh;r;nrbfs;: nkype;j Mdhy; fbdkhd> fl;ilj; jz;Lila eLj;ju msTs;s jhtuq;fs; Gjh;r;nrbfs; vdg;gLk;. njspthd ikaj;jz;L mw;wJ. Njhw;wj;jpy; gy fpisfis cilaJ. v.fh. Nuh[h> ky;ypif> FNuhl;ld;];> Jsrp> vYkpr;ir.

56. kuq;fs;: caukhd> nghpa msthd> njspthd fbdkhd> fl;ilahd jz;L cila jhtuq;fs; kuq;fs; vdg;gLk;. fpisfs; kw;Wk; ,iyfis cUthf;Fk; ikj;jz;L mbkuk; vdg;gLk; v.fh. Ntk;G> kh> Njf;F> njd;id> Mykuk;.

57. nghJthf vy;yhg; G+f;Fk; jhtuq;fspYk; ,U Kf;fpaj; njhFg;Gfs; cs;sd. jiuf;Ff; fPo; cs;s njhFg;G> Nth;j;njhFg;G vdTk;> jiuf;F Nky; cs;s njhFg;G> jz;L njhFg;G vdTk;> ,U tifg;gLk;.

58. Nth;j;njhFg;gpy; gpujhd NtUk;> gy gf;f Nth;fSk; cs;sd. jz;Lj; njhFg;gpy;> jz;L> fpisfs;> ,iyfs; Mfpad cs;sd. Fwpg;gpl;l gUtk; te;jTld; G+f;Fk; jhtuk; kyh;fs;> fdpfs;> tpijfis cUthf;Ffpd;wd. Nth;> jz;L> ,iyfs; jhtuj;jpd; cly; cWg;Gfs; vdg;gLk;> ,it ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpy; gq;F nfhs;tjpy;iy. kyh;fs;> fdpfs;> tpijfs; ,dg;ngUf;f cWg;Gfs; vdg;gLk;. ,it nghJthf ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpy; gq;F nfhs;fpd;wd.

59. Nth;j;njhFg;G: jiuf;Ff; fPNo tsUk; jhtu cWg;G Nth;j;njhFg;G vdg;gLk;. fUtpd; KisNthpypUe;J ,it Njhd;Wfpd;wd. ,J jhtuj;jpd; fPo; Nehf;fp tsUk; gFjp MFk;. #hpa xspf;F vjph;j;jpirapy; tsuf; $baJ. gr;irak; mw;wJ. fZ kw;Wk; fZtpilg;gFjp mw;wJ. ,tw;wpy; ,iyfs;> nkhl;Lfs; fpilahJ. ,U tifahd Nth;j;njhFg;Gfs; cs;sd. MzpNth;j;njhFg;G> Ntw;wpl Nth;j;njhFg;G>

60. MzpNth;j;njhFg;G: ,J fUtpd; KisNthpypUe;J Njhd;wp mjpf Mok; tiu nrd;W Kjd;ik Nth; my;yJ MzpNtuhf tsh;fpwJ. ,J ,uz;lhk;epiy Nth;fs;> %d;whk;epiy Nth;fs; vd;w gf;fthl;L Nth;fis cUthf;FfpwJ. ngUk;ghd;ikahd ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fspy; MzpNth;j;njhFg;G fhzg;gLk;. v.fh. kh> Ntk;G> Nful;> Ks;sq;fp.



61. Ntw;wplNth;j;njhFg;G: KisNth; jtpuj; jhtuj;jpd; Ntnwe;jg; gFjpapypUe;Jk; tsUk; Nth; Ntw;wplNth; vdg;gLk;> nky;ypa xNu mstpyhd nfhj;jhf Ntw;wplNth; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. ,tNth;fs; nfhj;jhf ehh;fs; Nghd;W Njhw;wkspg;gjhy; ,tw;iwr; ry;ypNth;j;njhFg;G vdTk; miof;fyhk;. ngUk;ghYk; xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fspy; ,t;Nth;j; njhFg;Gf; fhzg;gLfpwJ. v.fh. ney;> Gy;> kf;fhr; Nrhsk;> %q;fpy;> Nthpd; ,ay;ghd gzpfs;: Nth; kz;zpypUe;J ePiuAk; fdpk cg;GfisAk; cwpQ;RfpwJ. ,tw;iwj; jhtuj;jpd; gpw gFjpfSf;Ff; flj;JfpwJ. jhtuj;ij kz;zpy; epiyepWj;jr; nra;fpwJ.

62. jz;bd; ,ay;ghd gzpfs;: jhq;Fjy;: fpis> ,iy kyh;> fdp ,tw;iwj; jhq;FfpwJ. flj;Jjy;: ePiuAk;> fdpkq;fisAk; NthpypUe;J jiuf;FNky; cs;s ghfq;fSf;Fk;> czTg; nghUs;fis ,iyapypUe;J jhtuj;jpd; gpw ghfq;fSf;Fk; flj;Jfpd;wd.

63. ,iyapd; ,ay;ghd gzpfs;: czT jahhpj;jy;: xspr;Nrh;f;if %yk; ,iyfs; czitj; jahhpf;fpd;wd. thAg; ghpkhw;wk;: jhtuq;fs; xspr;Nrh;f;ifapd;NghJ fhpakpy thAit cs; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L caph;tspia ntsptpLfpd;wd. Rthrpj;jypd; NghJ caph;tspia cs; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L fhpakpy thAit ntsptpLfpd;wJ. ,iyapy; cs;s rpW Jisfs; (,iyj;Jis) %yNk ,t;thAg; ghpkhw;wk; epfo;fpwJ. ePuhtpg; Nghf;F: ,iyapy; cs;s mjpfgbahd ePiu ,iyj;Jis topahf ePuhtpahf ntspNaw;Wk; epfo;r;rp ePuhtpg;Nghf;F vdg;gLk;.

64. kyh;: kyh; vd;gJ ,dg;ngUf;fj;ij Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Xh; ,dg;ngUf;f cWg;G MFk;. ,J ghypdg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F cjTfpwJ. kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if kw;Wk; fUTWjy; epfo;tpw;Fg;gpd; kyh; fdpahf khw;wkilfpwJ. ,iyfspy; cs;sijg; Nghd;W kyh;fspYk; fhk;G cs;sJ. fhk;G mw;w rpy kyh;fSk; cs;sJ.

65. kyhpy; ehd;F ghfq;fs; cz;L. mitahtd: Gy;yp tl;lk;> my;yp tl;lk;> kfue;jj;jhs; tl;lk;> #yf tl;lk;. Gy;yp tl;lk;> nghJthfg; Gy;ypfs; ,iyNghd;W gRikahf kyhpd; ntsp mLf;fpy; fhzg;gLk;. kyh; nkhl;lhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ghJfhf;fpwJ. my;yp tl;lk;> gpufhrkhd epwKila kyhpd; gFjpNa my;yp ,jo; vdg;gLk;. ,J kyhpd; ,uz;lhk; ghfkhFk;. my;yp ,jo; gy tz;zq;fspy;> gy tbtq;fspy;> gy msTfspy; fhzg;gLk;. kfue;jj;jhs; tl;lk;> ,J kyhpd; %d;whtJ ghfkhFk;. ,J kyhpd; Mz;ghfkhFk;. Xt;nthU kfue;jhspYk;> xU fhk;G kw;Wk; ig Nghd;w gFjp fhzg;gLk;. fhk;Gg; gFjp kfue;jf; fk;gp vdTk;> ig Nghd;w gFjp kfue;jg;ig vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;. kfue;jg;igapy; kfue;jj;J}s;fs; vd;w Mz; Nfkpl;Lfs; cUthfpd;wd. #yf tl;lk;> ,J kyhpd; cs; mLf;F MFk;. ,J kyhpd; ngz; ghfkhFk; xU #yfj;jpy; %d;W gFjpfs; cs;sd. #yfj;jpd; Kidg;gFjp #y;Kb vdTk;> ika ePz;l gFjp #y; jz;L vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;. fPNo cs;s mfd;w gUj;j gFjp #w;ig vdg;gLk;. #y;fs; #w;igapy; fhzg;gLk;. #y;fspy; ,Ue;J ngz; Nfkpl;Lfs; cUthfpd;wd.

66. kyh;fspd; gad;fs;: kyh;fs; thrid jputpaq;fs> kUe;Jg; nghUs;fs; jahhpf;f nghpJk; cjTfpd;wd. kyh;fs; jhtuq;fs; mjd; mofhd Njhw;wj;jpw;fhf Njhl;lq;fspy; tsh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.



67. FwpQ;rp vd;gJ kpf mhpa tif kyuhFk;. ,J 12 tUlq;fSf;F xU Kiw kl;LNk g+f;Fk;> ,J jkpo;ehl;by; kl;LNk fhzg;gLk; Xh; ,dkhFk;. ePy epwf; FwpQ;rp kyh;fs; ,Ug;gjhy;jhd; me;j kiyf;F ePyfphp vd;W ngah; te;jJ. 2006,y; filrpahff; FwpQ;rp kyh; g+j;jJ.

68. ,ay;ghd gzpfs; kl;Lkpy;yhky; rpy Nth;> jz;L> ,iyfs;> $Ljy; gzpfisr; nra;tjw;fhf mikg;G> tbtk; ,tw;wpy; khWgl;Lg; gytpjq;fspy; mike;Js;sd. ,tw;iwNa khw;WUf;fs; vd;fpNwhk;.

69. MzpNthpd; khw;WU: Nrkpg;G Nth;fs;: Kjd;ik Nth;fs; czitr; Nrkpj;J itg;gjdhy; gUj;Jr; rijg;gw;Wld; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mit mtw;wpd; tbtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; %d;W tifg;gLk;. $k;G tbtk;: Nthpd; Nky; gFjpapy; mfd;Wk;> mbg;gFjpia Nehf;fpg; gbg;gbahff; FWfpAk; $k;G tbtj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. v.fh. Nful;. fjph; tbtk;: Nthpd; ikag;gFjp gUj;Jk;> ,U Kidg;gFjpAk; gbg;gbahff; FWfp> fjph; Nghd;w tbtj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. v.fh. Ks;sq;fp. gk;gu tbtk;: Nthpd; Nky; gFjp kpf mfd;Wk;> Edp jpBnud;W thy; Nghy ePz;Lk; FWfpAk; fhzg;gLk; v.fh. gPl;Ul;> lh;dpg;.

70. Rthr Nth;fs;: flw;fiu Xuk; cs;s rJg;G epyq;fspy; cs;s jhtuq;fspy; cg;G epiwe;j ePUf;Fs; Gije;jpUf;Fk;. rhjhuz Nth;fspy; ,Ue;J nrq;Fj;jhd Nth;fs; fpsk;gp jiuf;F Nky; tsh;fpd;wd. ,itNa Rthr Nth;fs; vdg;gLk;. ,it thAg; ghpkhw;wj;jpw;F cjTfpd;wd. v.fh. mtprpd;dpah (nts;is miyahw;wp) jkpo;ehl;by; gpr;rhtuj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

71. Ntw;wpl Nthpd; khw;WU : Nrkpg;G Nth;fs;: Nth;f;fpoq;Ffs; : rpy Ntw;wpl Nth;fs; czitr; Nrkpj;J itj;J> gUj;J> Fwpg;gpl;l tbtk; ,y;yhky; ,Uf;Fk;. v.fh. rh;f;fiuts;spf;fpoq;F. nfhj;J Nth;fs;: jz;bd; mbg;gFjpapy; gUj;j Nth;fpoq;Ffs; nfhj;J nfhj;jhff; fhzg;gLk;. v.fh.lhypah.

72. jhq;F Nth;fs;. J}z; Nth;fs;: kuj;jpd; fpisfspy; ,Ue;J Nth;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. ,t;Nth;fs; g+kpia Nehf;fpr; nrq;Fj;jhf tsh;e;J kz;zpy; Cd;Wfpd;wd. rpwpJrpwpjhf ,it jbkdhfpj; J}z;fis Nghy kuj;ij jhq;Ffpd;wd. ,t;Nth;fs; J}z;Nth;fs; vdg;gLk;. v.fh. Mykuk;. Kz;L Nth;fs;: rpy jhtuq;fspy;> nkype;j jz;bd; mbg;gFjpapy; fZf;fspypUe;j rpwpa jbkdhd Nth;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. ,it rha;thfj; jiuia Nehf;fp tsh;e;J jhtuj;Jf;Ff; $Ljy; Mjhuj;ijj; jUfpwJ. ,e;j Nth;fSf;F Kz;L Nth;fs; vdg;ngah;. v.fh. Nrhsk;> fUk;G.

73. nfhy;fj;jhtpy; cs;s ,e;jpaj; jhtutpay; Njhl;lj;jpy; cs;s kpfg;nghpa Mykuj;jpy; 900f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l J}z; Nth;fs; (tpOJfs;) cs;sd. ,k;kuj;jpd; taJ 200 Mz;L. ,jd; tpl;lk; 360 kPl;lh;.

74. Xl;Lz;zp Nth;: rpy xl;Lz;zpj; jhtuq;fs;> Xk;Gaphpj; jhtuj;jpd; jpRf;fspy; Nth;fis cs;Ns Eioj;J czit cwpQ;Rfpd;wd. ,t;Nth;fs; xl;Lz;zp Nth;fs; vdg;gLk;. v.fh. f];Fl;lh. njhw;WNth;fs; : rpy jhtuq;fs; NtW kuq;fspd; fpisfspy; tsh;git. ,it cztpw;fhf md;wp ,Ug;gplj;jpw;fhf kl;LNk rhh;e;J ,Uf;Fk;. ,j;jhtuq;fspd; Nth;fs; fhw;wpy; mire;jhLk;. fhw;wpYs;s <ug;gjj;ij Nthpy; cs;s ntyhkd; jpR cwpQ;RfpwJ. ,t;tif Nth;fs; njhw;WNth;fs; vdg;gLk;. v.fh. thz;lh (Mh;fpl;)



75. jz;bd; khw;WU: jz;bd; ,ay;ghd gzpfisj; jtpu> jhtuq;fs; rpytw;wpy; jz;Lfs; rpwg;ghd gzpfisr; nra;fpd;wd. ,j;jhtuq;fspy;> jz;bd; xU gFjpNah KOtJkhfNth mg;gzpiar; nra;tjw;nfd khWghL mile;Js;sd. mj;jz;Lfs; khw;WU mile;j jz;Lfs; vdg;gLk;. jiufPo;j; jz;L khw;WU: rpy jhtuq;fspd; jz;Lfs; jiufPo;j; jz;Lfis cUthf;Ffpd;wd. ,it czitr; Nrkpf;fpd;wd. ,it gy tifg;gLk;. fpoq;F: jiufPo;j; jz;Lfspd; gUj;j Edpg;gFjpNa fpoq;F vdg;gLk;. mjpf czitr; Nrkpj;J itf;fpd;wd. v.fh. cUisf;fpoq;F. kl;lepyj; jz;L: ,it jbj;j fpilkl;lkhd jiufPo;j; jz;L. v.fh. ,Q;rp.

76. jiu xl;ba jz;L khw;WU: cly; ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;fhf ,it khw;W mile;Js;sd. rpy jhtuq;fspy; jz;L eype;jit. ,it jiuapy; fpil kl;lkhf my;yJ jiuapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; Gije;Jk; fhzg;gLk;. fZf;fspy; ,Ue;J jiunahl;b fpisfSk;> mbg;gFjpapy; Ntw;wpl Nth;fSk; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. ,it glh;nfhb vdg;gLk;. glh;nfhbfs; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. XL jz;L – v.fh. Gy;> G+rzp. ];Nlhyd; - v.fh. ];l;uhngh;hp

77. jiuNky; khw;WU : nghJthf nkhl;Lfs; fpisfshfNth kyh;fshfNth tsh;r;rpailAk;> rpy jhtuq;fspy; nkhl;Lfs; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l gzpfisr; nra;tjw;fhf khWghL mile;Js;sd. jz;L gw;Wf;fk;gpfs; : rpy jhtuq;fspy;> Nfhz nkhl;L gw;Wf;fk;gpahf khWghL mile;J ,Uf;Fk;. ,it Mjhuj;ijg; gw;wpf; nfhs;s cjTfpd;wd. v.fh. gh]pg;GNshuh> Glyq;fha;. Kl;fs;: rpy jhtuq;fspy;> Nfhz nkhl;L Kl;fshf khWghL mile;J ,Uf;Fk;. v.fh. fhfpjg;G+. ,iyj;njhopy; jz;L: rpy twz;l epyj; jhtuq;fspy;> ,iyfs; Kl;fshf khwpAs;sd. jz;L jl;ilahf ,iy Nghy khwp ,iyapd; gzpiar; nra;fpd;wJ. ,j;jz;Nl ,iyj;njhopy; jz;L vdg;gLk;. v.fh. rg;ghj;jpf;fs;sp.

78. ,iyapd; khw;WU: rpy jhtuq;fspy; ,iyfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sijg; Nghd;W khw;WU mile;Js;sd. ,iyg; gw;Wf;fk;gp: rpy jhtuq;fspy;> ,iy eype;j RUs;fk;gp Nghd;W mike;J gw;wp Vw cjTk; gw;Wf; fk;gpahf khWghL mile;J ,Uf;Fk;. v.fh. gl;lhzp. ,iyKl;fs;: rg;ghj;jpf; fs;spapy; ,iyfs; Nkw;Gwj;jpy; KOikahf Kl;fshf khwpAs;sd. ,k;Kl;fs; ePuhtpg; Nghf;iff; Fiwf;fpd;wJ. fhy;eilfspd; Nka;r;ry; jtph;f;fg;gLfpwJ. v.fh.rg;ghj;jpf;fs;sp. FLitj; jhtuk;: rpy jhtuq;fspy; iel;u[d; gw;whf;Fiwia <Lnra;a ,iy KOikahf khWghL mile;J g+r;rpiag; gpbf;f VJthff; Flit tbtj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. v.fh.neg;gd;e;j];. ig: a+l;hpFNyhpah jhtuj;jpy; rpy ,iy G+r;rpiag; gpbf;f VJthfg; ig Nghd;w mikg;ghf khwpAs;sd.

79. jz;Lfspd; tiffs;: G+f;Fk; jhtuq;fspy; jz;Lfs; rpy rpwg;Gg; gzpfisg; Ghptjw;fhfg; gy tpjq;fspy; khWghL mile;Js;sd. jz;bd; jd;ikiag; nghUj;J jhtuj;jz;Lfs; %d;W ngUk; gphpthfg; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. FWf;fkile;j jz;Lfs;: rpy jhtuq;fspy; jz;L kpff;FWfp jl;Lg;Nghd;W cs;sd. fZ kw;Wk; fZtpilg; gFjp fpilahJ. v.fh.Ks;sq;fp> Nful;> lh;dpg;> ntq;fhak;. epkph; jz;Lfs;: gy G+f;Fk; jhtuq;fspy; epkph;e;j> ePz;l fl;ilj; jd;ikAila jz;L fhzg;gLfpwJ. v.fh.%q;fpy;> Mykuk;> ijykuk;> njd;id. eype;j jz;L: nkype;j> nkd;ikahd jz;Lfshy; Mjhuk; ,d;wp Neuhf epkph;e;J epw;f ,ayhJ. ,it ,Utifg;gLk;. epkph;e;j eype;j jz;L: ,J gpd;D nfhbahfNth VW



nfhbahfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. gpd;Dnfhb: ePz;l> nky;ypa tisAk; jd;ikAila> El;gkhd jz;il cilaJ. mUfpy; cs;s Mjhuj;ijg; gw;wpf; nfhz;L tsUk;. gw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;Fr; rpwg;ghd cWg;G VJk; fpilahJ. v.fh.mtiu. VWnfhb: jz;L typikaw;W ,Ug;gjhy;> jhq;fpiag; gw;wpf; nfhs;s KbahJ. gw;wpf; nfhs;s cjTk; cWg;Gfshy; jz;L> jhq;fpiag; gw;wpf; nfhz;L VWfpwJ. v.fh.kpsF> ntw;wpiy. jiunahl;ba eype;j jz;L: ,jd; jz;Lfs; jiu KOtJk; glh;e;Js;sd. glh;nfhbfs; my;yJ Edp epkph; epyk; glh;jz;L. v.fh. l;iulhf;]; (ntl;Lf;fhag;G+z;L)

80. jhtuq;fspd; mirTfs;: tpyq;Ffisg; Nghd;W jhtuq;fs; ,lk;tpl;L ,lk; efuhJ. Mdhy; ,tw;wpd; ghfq;fs; xsp> ePh;> kz; Nghd;w VNjDk; xU Gwf;fhuzpj; J}z;lYf;F Vw;g tsh;r;rp ,af;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;> vdNt J}z;lypd; jpirf;F Vw;gj; jhtug; ghfq;fspy; Vw;gLk; ,af;fk; rhh;girT vdg;ggLk;.

81. J.C Ngh];> ,e;jpa jhtutpay; ty;Yeh;. J.C. Ngh]; fz;Lgpbj;j fpiuNrhfpuhg; fUtp %yk; jhtuq;fSf;F czh;T cz;L vd;gJ njhpate;jJ.

82. rhh;girT %d;W tifg;gLk;. xspr; rhh;girT: #hpa xspj; J}z;lypd; jpirf;Nfw;g> jpiria Nehf;fpNah vjpuhfNth jhtuq;fspd; ghfq;fs; tsh;r;rp miltNj xspr;rhh;girT vdg;gLk;. xspapd; J}z;Ljyhy; jz;L xspapd; jpiria Nehf;fp tsUk;. Mjyhy;> jz;L Neh; xspr; rhh;girT nfhz;lJ. xspapd; jpirf;F vjpuhf Nth; tsUk;> Mjyhy;> Nth; vjph; xspr; rhh;girT nfhz;lJ vd;fpNwhk;. Gtpr; rhh;girT: Nth;fs; Gtp<h;g;Gj; jpirf;F Vw;wthW tsUk;. ,jw;Fg; Gtpr;rhh;girT vd;w ngah;> Nth;fs; Neh; Gtpr;rhh;girT nfhz;lJ. jz;L vjph; Gtpr;rhh;girT nfhz;lJ. ePh;r;rhh;girT: jhtuj;jpd; ghfq;fspy; jz;Lfs; Nghyd;wp Nth;fs; ePiu Nehf;fp tsUk;. Mjyhy; Nth; Neh; ePh;r;rhh;girT nfhz;lJ vd;Wk; jz;L vjph; ePh;r;rhh;girT nfhz;lJ vd;fpNwhk;. njhq;Fk; mirTfs;: njhl;lhw;rpZq;fp jhtuk; njhLjYf;Fg; gjpy;tpid Ghpaf; $baJ. jhtuj;ijj; njhl;lTld; ,iyfs; %bf; nfhs;fpd;wd. ,iyfs; %bf;nfhs;sy; tsh;r;rpapdhy; md;W> jhtuj;jpw;Fs; Vw;gLk; Jyq;fypd; tpisT MFk;. ,/J mjph;Tf;F Vw;gLk; Jyq;fyhFk;. ,it njhq;Fk; mirTfs; vdg;gLk;.

83. NjhYWg;G kz;lyk;: NjhYWg;G kz;lyj;jpy; Njhy;> cNuhkk;> efk;> tpah;itr; Rug;gpfs;> vz;nza;r; Rug;gpfs; Nghd;wit cs;sd. gzpfs;: clypd; cs;cWg;Gfisg; ghJfhf;fpwJ. tpah;itiar; Rug;gjd; %yk; ,k;kz;lyk; xU fopTePf;f cWg;ghfr; nray;gLfpwJ. Xh; czh; cWg;ghfr; nray;gLfpwJ. itl;lkpd; D iaj; jahhpf;fpwJ.

84. nrhpkhd kz;lyk;: nrhpkhd kz;lyj;jpy; tha;> czTf;Foha;> ,iug;ig> fy;yPuy;> rpWFly;> Rug;gpfs; cs;sd. gzpfs;: gy tifahd czTg; nghUs;fspd; nrhpj;jy; ,q;F eilngWfpd;wd. nrhpf;fg;gl;l czT %yf;$Wfs; cwpQ;rg;gl;L ,uj;jj;jpd; %yk; flj;jg;gLfpwJ. nrhpf;fg;glhj czT ntspNaw;wg;gLfpwJ.

85. Rthr kz;lyk;: midj;J caphpdq;fSk; caph;tho Rthrk; mtrpak;. czT caph;tsp> nehjpfs; cjtpapdhy; vhpf;fg;gl;L (rpijf;fg;gl;L) vspa nghUs;fshf khw;wk; milfpd;wd. ,e;j epfo;r;rpNa Rthrpj;jy; vdg;gLk;. gzpfs;:



ntspapypUe;J caph;tspia (Mf;]p[d;) vLj;Jf; nfhz;L (cl;Rthrk;) ,uj;j xl;lj;jpd; %yk; gy;NtW gFjpfSf;Ff; flj;jg;gLfpwJ. czTg;nghUs; vhpf;fg;gLtjw;F caph;tsp gad;gLfpwJ. ,t;tpidapd;NghJ (ntspr;Rthrk;) fhpakpy thA ntspNaw;wg;gLfpwJ.

86. vYk;G kz;lyk;: ekJ clypd; vYk;G kz;lyj;jpy; vYk;Gfs;> gpw jpRf;fshyhd FUj;njYk;Gfs;> jir ehh;fs; Nghd;wit mike;Js;sd. ekJ clypy; vYk;G kz;lyj;jpy; 206 vYk;Gfs; cs;sd. midj;J vYk;GfSk; %l;Lfshy; ,izf;fg;gl;L clypw;F xU tbtj;ijj; jUfpwJ.

87. ,uj;jkhdJ> czR+l;lg; nghUs;fs;> caph;tsp> fopTg; nghUs;fs;> `hh;Nkhd;fisf; flj;Jfpd;wJ. ntg;gepiyiaAk;> ePhpd; msitAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,uj;jf; Foha;fs; %d;W tifg;gLk;. mit jkdpfs;> rpiufs;> ,uj;jj; je;Jfpfs;.

88. ,uj;j rptg;G mZf;fspy; cs;s rptg;G epwkp P̀NkhFNshgpd; vdg;gLk;> ,itNa ,uj;jj;jpw;F rptg;G epwj;ijj; jUfpwJ.

89. ek;Kila Kfk; fhl;Lk; gy;NtW czh;r;rp ntspg;ghLfSf;F> 40 tifahd jirfspd; nray;ghNl fhuzk; MFk;.

90. ehskpy;yh Rug;gp kz;lyk;: ,k;kz;yj;jpy; ehskpy;yh Rug;gpfspd; njhFg;G fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,r;Rug;gp Ruf;Fk; Ntjpg;nghUs;fNs `hh;Nkhd;fs;. ,uj;jj;jpd; %yk; mit nray;gLk; ,lj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLfpd;wd. `hh;Nkhd;fs; clw; nraypay; Ntiyfis xOq;FgLj;Jfpd;wd. fopT ePf;f kz;lyk;: fopTg; nghUs;fis ntspNaw;w cjTk; kz;lyNk fopT ePf;f kz;lyk; MFk;. ,jpy; xU N[hb rpWePufk;> xU N[hb rpWePh;ehsk;> rpWePh;g;ig kw;Wk; rpWePh;g;Gwtop mikag;ngw;Ws;sJ. ,uj;jj;jpy; cs;s fopTg;nghUs;fs; tbfl;lg;gl;L xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhy ,ilntspapy; rpWePuhf ntspNaw;WtNj ,jd; gzpahFk;. ,dg;ngUf;f kz;lyk;: Mz;fspy; fhzg;gLk; tpe;jfq;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fspy; fhzg;gLk; mz;lfq;fs; cs;slq;fpaNj ,dg;ngUf;f kz;lykhFk;> tpe;jfk; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; Mz; ,dr;nry;Yf;F tpe;Jnry; vd;W ngah;> mz;lfk; cw;gj;jp ngz; ,dr;nry;Yf;F mz;lnry; vd;W ngah;. ,k;kz;lyj;jpd; gzp Gjpa ,dq;fis ,dtpUj;jp nra;J kdpj ,dj;ij epiy epWj;jpf; nfhs;tNj MFk;.

91. rpj;j kUj;Jtk; vd;gJ ek; jkpo;ehl;by; Njhd;wpa kpfj; njhd;ikahd jkpoh; kUj;Jt Kiw MFk;. goq;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fshd jpUke;jpuk;> jpUf;Fws;> njhy;fhg;gpak; Kjyhd E}y;fspy; gy kUj;Jtf; Fwpg;Gfs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. ,q;fpUe;J gpd;dh; Nfush> fh;ehlfh> Me;jpug;gpuNjrk; Nghd;w khepyq;fSf;Fg; gutpaJ. Gjpndl;Lr; rpj;jh;fs; jhd; ,e;j kUj;Jt Kiwia cUthf;fpdhh;fs;. rpj;jh; vd;gJ ‘rpj;jp’ vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;J Njhd;wpajhFk; ,jd; nghUs; “Kbtw;w Nguhde;jk;” vd;gjhFk;> rpj;jh;fspy; mfj;jpaiu Kjy; rpj;jh; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpNwhk;> mtiur; “rpj;j kUj;Jtj;jpd; je;ij” vdTk; miof;fpd;Nwhk;.

92. rpj;jh;fspd; nghJthd fUj;J “czNt kUe;J kUe;Nj czT” vd;gjhFk;. ek;; tho;f;if;



93. rpj;j kUj;Jtj;jpy; jhtuq;fs; (%ypiffs;) cNyhff; fdpkk; (jhJ) tpyq;Fg;nghUs;fs; ([Ptd;) Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;Nj kUe;Jfs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. rpj;j kUe;J jahhpf;f Vwf;Fiwa 1200 %ypiffs; gad;gLfpd;wd.

94. #uzk;> khj;jpiu> ijyk;> Nyfpak;> urhadk;> g];gk; kw;Wk; nre;J}uk; Nghd;w gy;NtW kUe;J tbtq;fs; rpj;j kUj;Jtj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

95. MAh;Ntj kUj;Jtk;: MAh;Ntjk; vd;gJ ,aw;ifahd %ypif kUe;Jfshy; Fzg;gLj;Jk; ,e;jpahtpy; Njhd;wpa kpfg; gioikahd rpfpr;ir KiwahFk;. MAh;Ntjh vd;gJ capiug; gw;wpa mwptpayhFk;. (MAh;-caph;> Ntjk;-mwptpay;)

96. N`hkpNahgjp kUj;Jtk;: N`hkpNahgjp vd;gJ xU khw;W kUj;Jt KiwfSs; xd;whFk;> ,ij n[h;kdpiar; Nrh;e;j kUj;Jth; rhKNty; `hdpkd; vd;gth; 1796,y; Kjd;Kjyhf mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;. Adhdp kUj;Jtk;: fpNuf;f ehl;bd; `pg;Ngh fpNul;l]; kw;Wk; Nuhkhdpa ehl;bd; Nfyd; vd;gth;fshy; ,g;ghuk;ghpa kUj;JtKiw fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. gpwF muG kw;Wk; ngh;rpa ehLfspy; ,k;kUj;Jt Kiw tsh;r;rp mile;jJ.

97. ePhpopT Neha;: ehk; rhg;gpLk; czT cile;J FSf;Nfhrhf khWfpwJ. midj;J caphpfSf;Fk; Njitahd Mw;wwiy mspf;Fk; %ykhff; FSf;Nfh]; cs;sJ. fizaj;jpy; Ruf;fg;gLk; ,d;Rypd; vd;w `hh;Nkhd;> FSf;Nfh]pd; msitf; fl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,uj;jj;jpy; cs;s FSf;Nfh]; msT 80-120 kp.fp/nlypia tpl mjpfkhdhy;> me;j kdpjDf;F ePhpopTNeha; cs;sJ vdj; njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ePhpopT vd;gJ Neha; md;W. Mdhy; ,J xU FiwghlhFk;> ,e;jf; Fiwghl;bw;Ff; fhuzk;> clw;gapw;rp ,y;yhik> Kiwaw;w czTg;gof;fk; kw;Wk; ,d;Rypd; gw;whf;Fiw Nghd;wit MFk;> ePhpopT Nehahy; cah; ,uj;j mOj;jk;> cly; gUkd;> ,jaNeha; Nghd;w gpw Neha;fSk; Vw;gLk;

98. czT gjg;gLj;Jjy; vd;why; vd;d? czTg; nghUs;fis ePz;l ehs;fSf;F nfl;Lg; Nghfhky;> itj;jpUf;Fk; KiwNa czTg; gjg;gLj;Jjy; vdg;gLk;. gjg;gLj;jypd; Nehf;fk;. czTg; nghUs;fs; tPzhtijf; Fiwj;jy;. czTg; nghUs;fspd; epwk;> Rit kw;Wk; Cl;lg;nghUs;fis ,ay;ghd epiyapNyNa itj;jpUj;jy;. vy;yh fhyq;fspYk; tUlk; KOtJk; fpilf;f top nra;jy;. ek; cztpy; NkYk; xU tifiar; Nrh;j;jy;.

99. czTg; nghUs;fspy; ghf;Bhpah> g+Q;ir> rpy Ez;Zaphpfs; tsh;r;rpailahky; ghJfhf;Fk; KiwNa gjg;gLj;Jjy; vd;gh;.

100. X-fjph;fs; my;yJ fhkh fjph;fs; my;yJ Gw Cjhf;fjph;fs; %yk; cztpy; cs;s ghf;Bhpaq;fs; kw;Wk; g+Q;irfisf; nfhy;Yk; KiwNa fjph;tPrR Kiw MFk;.

101. Rthrpj;jypd; tiffs;: Rthrpj;jy; ,U tifg;gLk;. fhw;Wr; Rthrk;> fhw;wpy;yhr; Rthrk; (nehjpj;jy;). fhw;Wr; Rthrk;: ngUk;ghyhd caphpdq;fspy; caph;tspapd; cjtpahy; czTg; nghUs;fs; vhpf;fg;gl;L Mw;wiy ntspnfhzh;fpd;wd. vdNt caph;tspapd; cjtpAld; eilngWk; Rthrj;jpw;Ff; fhw;Wr; Rthrk; vdw; ngah;. ,jd; rkd;ghL gpd;tUkhW>



fhw;wpy;yhr; Rthrk;> rpy Ez;Zaph;fs;> <];l;> ghf;Bhpah Nghd;wit caph;tsp mw;w epiyapy; cztpypUe;J Mw;wiyg; ngWfpd;wd. vdNt> caph;tsp mw;w epiyapy; eilngWk; Rthrj;jpw;Ff; fhw;wpy;yhr; Rthrk; vd;Wngah;. ek; vYk;Gj; jirfspy; fhw;wpy;yhr; Rthrk; eilngWfpwJ.

102. ghf;Bhpah kw;Wk; g+Q;irfs; fhw;wpy;yh Kiwapy; Rthrpg;gjhy; rh;f;fiuia My;f`hyhf khw;Wfpd;wd. xU Gwk; ,e;j My;f`hy; vhpnghUs; rhjdkhfTk; gad;gLfpwJ. <];l; vd;gJ xU nry; G+Q;ir MFk;. ,J fhw;wpy;yhr; #o;epiyapy; Rthrk; nra;J My;f`hiy cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wJ. MfNt ,J kJghd jahhpg;gpy; gad;gLfpd;wJ.

103.

Rthrpj;jy; Xspr;Nrh;f;if

,uT gfy; vdj; njhlh;e;J eilngWk;

gfy; nghOjpy; kl;LNk eilngWk;

midj;J caphpdq;fspYk; eilngWk; epfo;r;rp Rthrpj;jyhFk;

gRe;jhtuq;fspy; kl;LNk eilngWk; czT jahhpf;Fk; epfo;r;rpahFk;

czT vhpf;fg;gLfpwJ czT jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,e;epfo;r;rpapd; NghJ caph;tsp cs;spOf;fg;gl;L fhpakpythA ntspNaw;wg;gLfpwJ.

,e;epfo;r;rpapd; NghJ fhpakpy thA cs;spOf;fg;gl;L caph;tsp ntspNaw;wg;gLfpwJ.

104. rpy jirfs; ek; tpyh vYk;GfSld; ,ize;Js;sd. ,j;jirfNs tpyh vYk;Gf; $l;il cl;GwkhfTk; ntspg;GwkhfTk; ,af;fg; gad;gLfpd;wd. Eiua{uYf;Ff; fPNo typikahd jl;ilahd jirj; njhFg;G fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;F cjutpjhdk; vd;W ngah;.

105. ehk; %r;ir cs;spOf;Fk;NghJ> cjutpjhdk; fPopwq;fp tpyh vYk;Gfs; Nkw;Gwk; Nehf;fp cah;fpwJ my;yJ tphpfpd;wJ. ,r;nrayhy; khh;giwapd; msT nghpjhFk;. ,jdhy; caph;tsp epiwe;j fhw;W ntspapypUe;J EiuaPuYf;Fs; Ntfkhff; fPo;f;fz;l topapy; EiofpwJ.



106. xU nry;kw;Wk; gynry;fs; nfhz;l rpW tpyq;Ffspd; nry;fs; midj;Jk;> Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpYs;s fhw;W my;yJ ePhpypUe;J caph;tspia vLj;Jf;nfhz;L fhpakpythAitg; guty; Kiwapy; ntspNaw;Wfpd;wd. v.fh. mkPgh> ghukPrpak;

107. kz;GO kw;Wk; ml;ilg; GOf;fs;> <ug;gjk; kw;Wk; totog;ghd jd;ik nfhz;l Njhypd; %ykhfr; Rthrk; nra;fpd;wd.

108. tpyq;Ffshd G+r;rpfspy; gy rpWJisfs; fhzg;gLk;. mtw;wpw;F fhw;Wj;Jisfs; vd;Wngah;> ,e;jf; fhw;Wj; Jisfs; %r;Rf; Fohapy; Kbtilfpd;wd. thAg;ghpkhw;wk; ,e;jf; fhw;Wj;Jisfs; %yk; eilngWfpd;wJ. kPd;fs; nrTs;fs; vd;wiof;fg;gLk; rpwg;G cWg;Gfs; %yk; ePhpy; fiue;Js;s caph;tspia cwpQ;rp Rthrpf;fpd;wd. Ch;td> gwg;gd kw;Wk; ghY}l;bfs; EiuaPuy; %yk; Rthrpf;fpd;wd.

109. jtis Nghd;w tpyq;Ffs;> Njhy; kw;Wk; EiuaPuy; %yk; Rthrpf;fpd;wd.

110. தாவரங்களில் சுவாசம்

மற்ற உயிரினங்களள ப ான்று, தாவரங்களும் சுவாசித்தலின் மூலபம உணவிலிருந்து ஆற்றளலப் ப றுகின்றன. ப ாதுவாக தாவரங்களில் சுவாசித்தலுக்பகன்று தனியாக சிறப் ான உறுப்புகள் இல்ளல. மற்றும் விலங்குகளில் உள்ளளத ப ான்று, சுவாச இயக்கமான மூச்சு விடுதல் நிகழ்ச்சியும் நளைப றுவதில்ளல.

111. தாவரங்கள் இளலயில் உள்ள சிறு துவாரங்கள் மூலமாகபவ சுவாசிக்கின்றன. இத்துளளகளுக்கு இளலத்துளளகள் என்று ப யர்.

112. தாவர சுவாசத்தின் இரு வளககள்

உயிர் வளி கிளைப் ளத ப ாறுத்து, சுவாசம் இரு வளகப் டும்.

1. காற்றில்லா சுவாசம்

2. காற்று சுவாசம்

சில நுண்ணுயிர்கள் காற்றில்லா முளறயில் சுவாசம் பசய்கின்றன. எடுத்துக்காட்ைாக ஈஸ்ட்டு மற்றும் ாக்டீரியா

உயர் தாவரங்கள் காற்று சுவாச முளறயில் சுவாசம் பசய்கின்றன.

winmeen vao mission 100 vao mission 100 2018 – don’t share with anyone

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