winschoten 2011 25th world and european championships

Winschoten 201125th World and European Championships

FOOD CONTAMINATION and THE EFFECTS ON HUMANS

Dr ARTHUR BRULEFédération Française d'Athlétisme


Summary : Fall with the food quality Food contamination Effects on ultra endurance athletes Food and antidoping test

Fall with the food quality Fall with the food quality

Less diversity On earth, 10 000 to 50 000 plants 7 000 varieties were used since the beginning. Now only 30 are the base of 90% of human food In USA and compared with 100 years later, only 1% of

legumes are on market

Fall with the food quality Fall with the food quality

Less quality Since 1963 for the chicken : -53% for Vitamin A and

Potassium Milk : -50% iron ; -36% calcium ; +77% sodium Potatoes : -57% Vitamin C and Iron ; -28% Calcium

Food contaminationFood contamination

A child with normal food during one day : 47 classified substances carcinogenic and 37 endocrine troublemakers

100% of spanish pregnant women have at least one pesticide in their placenta

The production of one apple use 27 treatments. For the Strawberry in Spain : « bromure de Methyle »

(endocrine troublemaker and toxic substance forbidden in Europe) but with special autorization by spanish autorities

Food contaminationFood contamination

USA, 2008 : 90% of soya are genetically modified and tolerate Roundup

France use 5 millions ton of US soya and 80% of animal production is contaminated

Food contaminationFood contamination Substances in bovines production : Oestradiol, testostérone, progestérone,

steroides (zeranol, trembolone, melangestrol) Melamine in the milk in 2008 in China : 13 000

children go to hospital, 54 000 under medical treatment

Irradiation is used for the conservation of food

Effects on ultra endurance Effects on ultra endurance athletesathletes

I will present here 5 researchs All are about the class of Pesticide Not really good news for us


1st Research

Organochlorines are fat soluble chemical compounds and are resistant to degradation

Ingested with food Concentrations compared in three groups : endurance

athletes, lean sedentary subjects and obese individuals


1st Research

Increased levels of circulating organochlorines is associated with large adipose tissue compartment

Lower plasma concentration for leaner sedentary and trained persons

That's the only good news (sure for our athletes here, but not for everyone...)


2nd Research : Organochlorines Lipid mobilization and decrease in fat mass

(during diet or before competition) result in increased of plasma concentrations

They are associated with altered immune and thyroid functions and with some types of cancer

Could complicate body weight-loss strategies and even favour weight regain


3rd Research : Organophosphate exposure on Swiss Mice

(mouse for laboratory) They are associated with an increased risk of

depression and suicide Here they want to know what is modified ? They use some endurance swimming test with

exposure dose without systemic toxicity


3rd Research : Acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited in

high dose and low dose, even post exposure in the high dose group

No motor performance alterations High dose increased immobility in the forced

swimming test and emerged after cessation of exposure


3rd Research : Indicate that this pesticide induce some

depressive-like behavior in adult mice. So you can say to your coach : « that's not my

legs nor my brain, i want to win but it's my food ! »


4th Research : 2,4-Dbe : 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic butyl ester It is used in weed-killer in the garden They used Rotarod performance and open field

to mesure the endurance. Administration of this pesticide to 90-day-old

intact male rats depressed the performance


4th Research : Castration of male rats will improve the tests

and normalize the performance Now they put some exogenous testosterone on

gonadectomized rats and they found the same low performance

So there is a link between pesticide and performance, only if there is testostérone

(which male or female human has not some testosterone here ?)


5th Research : Fenitrothion : pesticide used with chikungunya

and others Marsupial are mammal like humans. Marsupial with fenitrothion exposure have only

half of the time effort against non exposed


5th Research : They didn't find why the animals have less

endurance and find no change on their oxygen consumption

The same test 5 days after exposure have the same results

Food and antidoping test Food and antidoping test

April 2011 : Officialy, China would like to limit the use of clenbuterol for production of pork.

April 2011 : UEFA (Union of European Football Association) want to prevent positive test during U17 Football world cup in Mexico

Food and antidoping test Food and antidoping test Two german travellers were negative before

going to Mexico and positive for Clenbuterol at 115 et 90pg/ml after the return in Germany

No limit for positive test with clenbuterol The same problem with travel in China with

clenbuterol test

Food and antidoping test Food and antidoping test

January 2011, UEFA also made an information about Methylhexaneamine in some food complement

The same molecule can be written with different names : 1,3-diméthylamylamine, diméthylamylamine, diméthylpentylamine, DMAA, forthan, forthane, floradrane, géranamine et huile de géranium (that's only the french names...)


So the problem of food during travelling for our athletes can be a big problem without any easy solution with expected effects on :

- Performance- Anti doping control- Health

Even if they are perfect at home ........

ConclusionConclusion

Bon Appétit

winschoten 2011 25th world and european championships

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