winter 2001 kollasch
TRANSCRIPT
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
John KollaschJohn KollaschProduct ManagerProduct Manager
EvapcoEvapco
Al l Rights ReservedAll Rights ReservedCopyright 2001 by EvapcoCopyright 2001 by Evapco
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
DisclaimerDisclaimer
THIS INFORMATION WAS PRESENTED AT AN ASHRAE SEMINAR
HELD IN ATLANTA, GA. THE SEMINAR FORMAT IS TO PRESENT
INFORMATION OF CURRENT INTEREST AND TO PROVIDE A VENUE
FOR INTERACTION BETWEEN ASHRAE MEMBERS. THESE
SEMINARS SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED PEER-REVIEWED (ORTHE FINAL WORD ON ANY SUBJECT). ASHRAE HAS NOT
INVESTIGATED, AND ASHRAE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY DUTY
TO INVESTIGATE ANY PRODUCT, SERVICE, PROCESS, PROCEDURE,
DESIGN, OR THE LIKE WHICH MAY BE DESCRIBED HEREIN. THE
APPEARANCE OF ANY TECHNICAL DATA OR EDITORIAL
MATERIAL IN THIS PRESENTATION DOES NOT CONSTITUTEENDORSEMENT, WARRANTY, OR GUARANTY BY ASHRAE OF ANY
PRODUCT, SERVICE, PROCESS, PROCEDURE, DESIGN, OR THE
LIKE. NEITHER ASHRAE, THE AUTHORS OR THEIR EMPLOYERS
WARRANT THAT THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION IS
FREE OF ERRORS. THE ENTIRE RISK OF THE USE OF ANY
INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION IS ASSUMED BY THE USER.BEFORE MAKING ANY DECISION OR TAKING ANY ACTION ON THIS
SUBJECT, YOU SHOULD CONSULT A QUALIFIED PROFESSIONAL
ADVISOR.
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
REFRIGERATION RECIRCULATORREFRIGERATION RECIRCULATOR
AND VESSEL DESIGNAND VESSEL DESIGNCONDENSERCONDENSER
HIGH PRESSUREHIGH PRESSURE
RECEIVERRECEIVER
HIGH STAGEHIGH STAGE
COMPRESSORCOMPRESSOR
THERMOSYPHONTHERMOSYPHON
RECEIVERRECEIVER
OIL COOLEROIL COOLER
VERTICALVERTICAL
INTERCOOLERINTERCOOLER
BOOSTERBOOSTER
COMPRESSORCOMPRESSOR
VERTICAL LOWVERTICAL LOW
PRESSUREPRESSURE
RECEIVERRECEIVEREVAPORATORSEVAPORATORS
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
ThermosyphonThermosyphon ReceiverReceiver
LIQUID INLETLIQUID INLET
FROM CONDENSERSFROM CONDENSERS
VENT TO CONDENSERVENT TO CONDENSER
INLETINLET
DUAL RELIEFDUAL RELIEFGAS RETURN FROMGAS RETURN FROM
OIL COOLERSOIL COOLERS
LIQUID OVERFLOW TOLIQUID OVERFLOW TO
MAIN H.P. RECEIVERMAIN H.P. RECEIVER
LIQUID TO OILLIQUID TO OIL
COOLERSCOOLERS
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
ThermosyphonThermosyphon ReceiverReceiver
Provide Liquid Supply to Gravity Feed Oil
Coolers
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
ThermosyphonThermosyphon ReceiverReceiver
Volume
Separation Line Sizing
Configuration
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
ThermosyphonThermosyphon ReceiverReceiver
Volume Required = 5 Minute Liquid Supply
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
ThermosyphonThermosyphon ReceiverReceiver
Liquid/Vapor Separation
Size vessel for 1/2 full of liquid toprovide adequate separation space
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
ThermosyphonThermosyphon ReceiverReceiver
Horizontal or Vertical within Height and
Space Limitations
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
High Pressure ReceiverHigh Pressure Receiver
Holds Total System Charge
Accept Changes in Liquid Volume Causedby Fluctuations in Plant Load
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
High Pressure ReceiverHigh Pressure Receiver -- DesignDesign
Volume
Proper Feed Configuration
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
High Pressure ReceiverHigh Pressure Receiver
Volume - Total System Charge
Evaporator CoilsCondensers
Suction & Liquid Lines
Vessels Normal Operating Charge Volume - To Accept Operating Swings
Rule of thumb - 1/3ft3/TR
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
IntercoolerIntercooler -- Coil TypeCoil Type
LIQUID INLIQUID IN
TO SUBCOOLINGTO SUBCOOLING
COILCOIL
SUBCOOLED LIQUIDSUBCOOLED LIQUID
TO CPRTO CPR
SUCTION OUT TOSUCTION OUT TO
HIGH STAGEHIGH STAGE
COMPRESSORSCOMPRESSORS
BOOSTER DISCHARGEBOOSTER DISCHARGE
GAS INLETGAS INLET
LIQUID INLET FROMLIQUID INLET FROM
HPRHPR
OIL DRAINOIL DRAIN
VENTVENT
OILOIL
POTPOTOIL OUTOIL OUT
CONTROL LEVELCONTROL LEVEL
HIGH LEVEL ALARMHIGH LEVEL ALARM
HIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWNHIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWN
DUAL RELIEFDUAL RELIEF
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
IntercoolerIntercooler -- Coil TypeCoil Type
Precool Liquid to Low Temperature Side
Desuperheat Booster Discharge Gas Oil Removal
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
IntercoolerIntercooler -- Coil TypeCoil Type -- DesignDesign
Liquid/Vapor Separation
Mixing of Discharge Gas and Liquid Quiet Area for Oil Removal
Pipe Coil to Precool Liquid
Line Sizing
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
IntercoolerIntercooler -- Coil TypeCoil Type
Liquid/Vapor Separation
Separating Velocity vs Temperature
0
50
100
150
200
250
FPM
-40 F -20 F 0 F 20 F
Suction Temperature
Sep. Vel.
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
IntercoolerIntercooler -- Coil TypeCoil Type
Separating Distance
Minimum = 48 from maximum liquidlevel to suction outlet
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
IntercoolerIntercooler -- Coil TypeCoil Type
Mixing of Discharge Gas and Liquid
Quiet Area for Oil Removal
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
IntercoolerIntercooler -- Flash Type DesignFlash Type Design
SUCTION OUT TOSUCTION OUT TO
HIGH STAGEHIGH STAGE
COMPRESSORSCOMPRESSORS
BOOSTER DISCHARGEBOOSTER DISCHARGE
GAS INLETGAS INLET
LIQUID INLET FROMLIQUID INLET FROM
HPRHPR
LIQUID OUTLETLIQUID OUTLET
TO LPRTO LPR
OIL DRAINOIL DRAIN
VENTVENT
OILOIL
POTPOTOIL OUTOIL OUT
CONTROL LEVELCONTROL LEVEL
HIGH LEVEL ALARMHIGH LEVEL ALARM
DUAL RELIEFDUAL RELIEF
HIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWNHIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWN
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
IntercoolerIntercooler -- Flash TypeFlash Type -- DesignDesign
Advantages of Flashcooling
Improves Booster Efficiency by 2%50% Lower Cost
40% Lower Operating Charge
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
IntercoolerIntercooler -- Flash TypeFlash Type -- DesignDesign
Disadvantages of Flashcooling
Flash Gas Formation in Liquid Line
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
IntercoolerIntercooler -- Flash TypeFlash Type -- DesignDesign
Flash Gas Formation with 3 psi loss
0
10
20
30
40
5060
% Gas
95 F 60 F 20 F
Saturated Liquid
Temperature
% by Wgt
% by Vol
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
RecirculatorRecirculator
DUAL RELIEFDUAL RELIEF
SUCTION TOSUCTION TOCOMPRESSORSCOMPRESSORS
RETURN FROMRETURN FROM
EVAPORATORSEVAPORATORS
LIQUID FEED FROM INTERCOOLERLIQUID FEED FROM INTERCOOLER
PUMPED LIQUIDPUMPED LIQUID
OUT TOOUT TO
EVAPORATORSEVAPORATORS
HIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWNHIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWN
HIGH LEVEL ALARMHIGH LEVEL ALARM
CONTROL LEVELCONTROL LEVEL
LOW LEVELLOW LEVEL
ALARMALARM
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
RecirculatorRecirculator
Provide Liquid to Evaporators
Protect Compressors from Liquid Carryover
Provide Volume for Liquid Surges
Oil Removal
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
RecirculatorRecirculator -- DesignDesign
Liquid/Vapor Separation
Surge Volume
Pumped Liquid Requirements
Line Sizing
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
RecirculatorRecirculator
Liquid/Vapor Separation
Separating Velocity vs Temperature
020
406080
100120
140160180200
FPM
-40 F -20 F 0 F 20 F
Suction Temperature
Sep. Vel.
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
RecirculatorRecirculator
Minimum Vertical Separating Distance = 18
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
RecirculatorRecirculator
Surge Volume
Defrost VolumeLoad Surges
Evaporator Rundown
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
RecirculatorRecirculator
Surge Volume Calculation
Minimum surge volume = volume ofevaporators defrosted at one time
Rule of thumb = 1/3 ft3/TR x 1/3 in
defrost = 1/8 ft3/TR
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
RecirculatorRecirculator
Surge Volume Calculation
Maximum surge volume = total volumeof evaporators + suction line liquid
volume.
Rule of thumb = 1/3 ft3/TR + 15% of
return line volume.
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
RecirculatorRecirculator
SURGESURGE
VOLUMEVOLUME
18 MINIMUM18 MINIMUM
18 MINIMUM18 MINIMUM
HIGH LEVEL ALARMHIGH LEVEL ALARM
LIQUID CONTROL LEVELLIQUID CONTROL LEVEL
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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
RecirculatorRecirculator
Pump Differential Pressure Requirements
= Static Head + Liquid Line Friction +
Expansion Valve + Coil Orifices + Suction
Loss
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