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World Internet ProjectFinal Report
2012The Internet in Cyprus
Department of Communication and Internet Studies
Cyprus University of Technology (CUT)
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CYPRUS'UNIVERSITY'OF'TECHNOLOGY'DEPARTMENT'OF'COMMUNICATION'AND'INTERNET'STUDIES'
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THE$INTERNET$IN$CYPRUS$2012$!!!!!
FINAL'REPORT'!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
December'2013'!
!!!CREDITS$!!
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WIP!Representative!in!Cyprus!
Professor!Nicolas!Demertzis!University!of!Athens!
!Core!Research!Team!
Dr!Dimitra!L.!Milioni!!Dr!Stelios!Stylianou!
Cyprus!University!of!Technology,!Principal!Investigators!Professor!Nicolas!Demertzis!
University!of!Athens!!Contributing!Authors!
Dr!Stelios!Stylianou!!Dr!Dimitra!L.!Milioni!Konstantinos!Vadratsikas!
Cyprus!University!of!Technology!!!
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Preferred!Citation:!
Cyprus!University!of!Technology.!!2013.!!The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012.!!Unpublished!Report.!!Dimitra!L.!Milioni!and!Stelios!Stylianou,!Principal!Investigators.!Limassol.!
!!!©!2012!Department!of!Communication!and!Internet!Studies,!Cyprus!University!of!Technology!! !
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
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DETAILED!CREDITS$!2008$Wave$!
Representative!of!WIP!in!Cyprus!and!Principal!Investigator!
Professor!Nicolas!Demertzis!University!of!Athens!!
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Project!Director!
Dr!Dimitra!Milioni,!Lecturer!Cyprus!University!of!Technology!!
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Research!Team!and!Contributing!Authors!
Dr!Vassilis!Gialamas,!Associate!Professor!University!of!Athens!!
Dr!Christopher!Kyriakides,!Assistant!Professor!Dr!Eleni!A.!Kyza,!Lecturer!Dr!Lambros!Lambrinos,!Lecturer!Dr!Dionysis!Panos,!Lecturer!Dr!Nicolas!Tsapatsoulis,!Assistant!Professor!
Cyprus!University!of!Technology!!
Research!Consultants!
Dr!Angeliki!Gazi!University!of!Athens!
Dr!Michalis!Vryonides!Symmetron!MRCI!Ltd!!
!2010$Wave$!
Principal!Investigator!and!WIP!Representative!in!Cyprus!
Professor!Nicolas!Demertzis!University!of!Athens!
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Project!Director!
Dr!Dimitra!L.!Milioni,!Lecturer!Cyprus!University!of!Technology!
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Research!Team!and!Contributing!Authors!
Dr!Vaia!Doudaki,!Lecturer!Cyprus!University!of!Technology!
Dr!Vassilis!Gialamas,!Associate!Professor!University!of!Athens!!
Dr!Christopher!Kyriakides,!Assistant!Professor!Dr!Eleni!A.!Kyza,!Lecturer!Dr!Lambros!Lambrinos,!Lecturer!Dr!Dimitra!L.!Milioni,!Lecturer!Dr!Dionysis!Panos,!Lecturer!Dr!Korinna!Patelis,!Assistant!Professor!Dr!Stelios!Stylianou,!Associate!Professor!Dr!Nicolas!Tsapatsoulis,!Assistant!Professor!
Cyprus!University!of!Technology!
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
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!Research!Consultants!
Dr!Angeliki!Gazi!University!of!Athens!
Dr!Michalis!Vryonides!Symmetron!MRCI!Ltd!
!2012$Wave$!WIP!Representative!in!Cyprus!
Professor!Nicolas!Demertzis!University!of!Athens!
!Core!Research!Team!
Dr!Dimitra!L.!Milioni,!Assistant!Professor!Dr!Stelios!Stylianou,!Associate!Professor!
Cyprus!University!of!Technology,!Principal!Investigators!Professor!Nicolas!Demertzis!
University!of!Athens!!Research!Associates!
Dr!Bulent!Kanol!Dr!Bilinc!Dolmaci!Muharrem!Amcazade!!Eliz!Tefik!
The!Management!Center!Konstantinos!Vadratsikas!
Cyprus!University!of!Technology!!Research!Assistants!
Yiota!Constanti!Antonia!Gregoriou!Konstantinos!Kivyttis!Venetia!Papa!Zenon!Theodosiou!Yiannis!Xenophontos!
Cyprus!University!of!Technology!!Contributing!Authors!
Dr!Stelios!Stylianou,!Associate!Professor!Dr!Dimitra!L.!Milioni,!Assistant!Professor!Konstantinos!Vadratsikas,!Research!Fellow!
Cyprus!University!of!Technology!!!! !
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!!TABLE&OF&CONTENTS!AND$FIGURES$!CREDITS! 2!DETAILED!CREDITS! 3!2008!WAVE! 3!2010!WAVE! 3!2012!WAVE! 4!
TABLE!OF!CONTENTS!AND!FIGURES! 5!EXECUTIVE!SUMMARY! 10!INTRODUCTION! 13!THE!PROJECT! 13!METHODOLOGY! 13!PRESENTATION!OF!THE!RESULTS! 13!
PART!1.! INTERNET!USE!IN!THE!GREEK\CYPRIOT!COMMUNITY!(2008\2012)! 15!1.1.! INTERNET!ACCESS!AND!USE! 15!1.1.1.! INTERNET!PENETRATION! 15!Figure!1.1.1.1.! Internet!use! 15!Figure!1.1.1.2.! Internet!use!by!district! 16!1.1.2.! INTERNET!USE!BY!ACCESS!LOCATION! 16!Figure!1.1.2.1.! Internet!access!from!various!locations! 16!Figure!1.1.2.2.! Hours!of!internet!use!per!week!from!various!locations! 17!1.1.3.! TYPE!OF!INTERNET!CONNECTION!AT!HOME! 17!Figure!1.1.3.1.! Type!of!connection!at!home! 17!1.1.4.! DIGITAL!DIVIDE! 17!Figure!1.1.4.1.! Internet!use!by!gender! 18!Figure!1.1.4.2.! Internet!use!by!age! 18!Figure!1.1.4.3.! Internet!Use!by!educational!level! 19!Figure!1.1.4.4.! Internet!use!by!employment!status! 19!Figure!1.1.4.5.! Internet!use!by!income! 20!Figure!1.1.4.6.! Figure!Internet!use!by!area!type! 20!Figure!1.1.4.7.! Internet!use!by!citizenship! 21!Figure!1.1.4.8.! Internet!use!by!children!in!the!household! 21!1.1.5.! INTERNET!NON\USE! 21!Figure!1.1.5.1.! Internet!Users,!Ex\Users!and!Never\Users! 22!Figure!1.1.5.2.! Reasons!for!not!using!the!internet! 22!Figure!1.1.5.3.! Reasons!for!stopping!using!the!internet! 23!Figure!1.1.5.4.! Likelihood!of!using!the!internet!within!next!year! 23!1.2.! SOURCES!OF!INFORMATION!AND!ENTERTAINMENT! 24!1.2.1.! THE!INTERNET! 24!Figure!1.2.1.1.! Importance!of!the!internet!for!information! 24!Figure!1.2.1.2.! Internet!reliability! 24!Figure!1.2.1.3.! Importance!of!the!internet!for!entertainment! 25!1.2.2.! TELEVISION! 25!Figure!1.2.2.1.! Importance!of!television!for!information! 25!Figure!1.2.2.2.! Importance!of!television!for!entertainment! 26!1.2.3.! NEWSPAPERS! 26!Figure!1.2.3.1.! Importance!of!newspapers!for!information! 26!Figure!1.2.3.2.! Importance!of!newspapers!for!entertainment! 27!1.2.4.! RADIO! 27!Figure!1.2.4.1.! Importance!of!radio!for!information! 27!
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Figure!1.2.4.2.! Importance!of!radio!for!entertainment! 28!1.2.5.! INTERPERSONAL!SOURCES! 28!Figure!1.2.5.1.! Importance!of!interpersonal!sources!for!information! 28!1.3.! TRADITIONAL!MEDIA!USE! 28!1.3.1.! TELEVISION! 28!Figure!1.3.1.1.! Hours!of!TV!viewing! 29!1.3.2.! RADIO! 29!Figure!1.3.2.1.! Hours!of!radio!listening! 29!1.3.3.! NEWSPAPERS! 29!Figure!1.3.3.1.! Hours!of!newspaper!reading! 30!1.3.4.! COMPARISON!OF!INTERNET!USERS!AND!NON\USERS! 30!Figure!1.3.4.1.! Hours!of!TV!viewing!(users!and!non\users!of!the!internet)! 30!Figure!1.3.4.2.! Hours!of!radio!listening!(users!and!non\users!of!the!internet)! 31!Figure!1.3.4.3.! Hours!of!newspaper!reading!(users!and!non\users!of!the!internet)! 31!Figure!1.3.4.4.! Hours!of!use!of!traditional!media! 32!1.4.! SOCIAL!RELATIONSHIPS!AND!COMMUNICATION! 32!1.4.1.! SOCIAL!RELATIONSHIPS! 32!Figure!1.4.1.1.! Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!hobbies! 32!Figure!1.4.1.2.! Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!political!views! 33!Figure!1.4.1.3.! Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!religious!beliefs! 33!Figure!1.4.1.4.! Contact!with!colleagues! 34!Figure!1.4.1.5.! Contact!with!family! 34!Figure!1.4.1.6.! Contact!with!friends! 35!1.4.2.! TIME!SPENT!WITH!FRIENDS!AND!FAMILY! 35!Figure!1.4.2.1.! Time!spent!with!family! 35!Figure!1.4.2.2.! Time!spent!with!friends! 36!Figure!1.4.2.3.! Hours!spent!with!family!per!week.! 36!Figure!1.4.2.4.! Hours!spent!with!friends!per!week! 37!1.4.3.! COMMUNICATION!WITH!OTHER!PEOPLE! 37!Figure!1.4.3.1.! E\mail!use! 37!Figure!1.4.3.2.! Instant!messaging! 38!Figure!1.4.3.3.! Participation!in!chat!rooms! 38!Figure!1.4.3.4.! Sending!e\mail!attachments! 39!Figure!1.4.3.5.! Calls!over!the!internet! 39!Figure!1.4.3.6.! Working!on!blogs! 40!Figure!1.4.3.7.! Posting!photos!or!pictures!on!the!internet! 40!Figure!1.4.3.8.! Uploading!music!videos! 41!Figure!1.4.3.9.! Participation!in!discussion!boards! 41!Figure!1.4.3.10.! Updating!status! 42!Figure!1.4.3.11.! Commenting!on!blogs!and!message!boards! 42!1.4.4.! MULTITASKING! 42!Figure!1.4.4.1.! Multitasking! 43!1.5.! ONLINE!ACTIVITIES! 43!1.5.1.! INFORMATION!RELATED!ONLINE!ACTIVITIES! 43!Figure!1.5.1.1.! Looking!for!news! 43!Figure!1.5.1.2.! Looking!for!a!job! 44!Figure!1.5.1.3.! Reading!blogs! 44!Figure!1.5.1.4.! Looking!for!humorous!content! 45!Figure!1.5.1.5.! Looking!for!travel!information! 45!Figure!1.5.1.6.! Looking!for!health!information! 46!Figure!1.5.1.7.! Getting!information!about!a!product! 46!1.5.2.! ONLINE!TRANSACTIONS! 46!Figure!1.5.2.1.! Buying!online! 47!Figure!1.5.2.2.! Paying!bills! 47!Figure!1.5.2.3.! Online!banking! 47!Figure!1.5.2.4.! Investing!online! 48!Figure!1.5.2.5.! Making!travel!arrangements! 48!1.5.3.! SECURITY!CONCERNS! 48!Figure!1.5.3.1.! Concerns!about!security!of!online!transactions! 49!
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1.5.4.! ONLINE!ENTERTAINMENT! 49!Figure!1.5.4.1.! Playing!games! 49!Figure!1.5.4.2.! Online!music! 50!Figure!1.5.4.3.! Online!videos! 50!Figure!1.5.4.4.! Religious!sites! 50!Figure!1.5.4.5.! Online!radio! 51!Figure!1.5.4.6.! Betting!and!gambling!online! 51!Figure!1.5.4.7.! Surfing!the!web! 51!Figure!1.5.4.8.! Online!sexual!content! 52!Figure!1.5.4.9.! Social!networking!sites! 52!1.5.5.! ONLINE!LEARNING! 52!Figure!1.5.5.1.! Online!learning!\!word!definitions! 53!Figure!1.5.5.2.! Online!learning!–!fact!checking! 53!Figure!1.5.5.3.! Online!learning!\!school!related!information! 53!Figure!1.5.5.4.! Online!learning!\!distance!learning! 54!1.6.! PERCEPTIONS!ABOUT!SOCIAL!AND!POLITICAL!LIFE! 54!1.6.1.! POLITICAL!EFFICACY! 54!Figure!1.6.1.1.! Political!self\placement!on!the!left\right!axis! 54!Figure!1.6.1.2.! Increase!of!personal!political!power! 55!Figure!1.6.1.3.! Increase!of!personal!influence!on!governmental!actions! 55!Figure!1.6.1.4.! Increase!of!officials’!interest!in!what!people!think! 56!Figure!1.6.1.5.! Better!understanding!of!politics! 56!Figure!1.6.1.6.! Importance!of!the!internet!during!pre\election!campaigns.! 57!1.6.2.! SOCIAL!TRUST! 57!Figure!1.6.2.1.! Figure!Most!people!can!be!trusted! 57!Figure!1.6.2.2.! Most!people!will!try!to!take!advantage!of!you! 58!Figure!1.6.2.3.! Most!people!will!try!to!be!helpful! 58!1.7.! FREEDOM!OF!EXPRESSION!AND!SURVEILLANCE! 58!1.7.1.! FREEDOM!OF!EXPRESSION! 58!Figure!1.7.1.1.! Freedom!of!expression!on!political!issues! 59!Figure!1.7.1.2.! Political!expression!online! 59!Figure!1.7.1.3.! Criticizing!government!online! 60!Figure!1.7.1.4.! Expression!of!extreme!ideas!online! 60!Figure!1.7.1.5.! Government!regulation!of!the!internet! 61!1.7.2.! SURVEILLANCE! 61!Figure!1.7.2.1.! Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!the!government! 61!Figure!1.7.2.2.! Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!companies! 62!
PART!2.! INTERNET!USE!IN!THE!GREEK\CYPRIOT!AND!TURKISH\CYPRIOT!COMMUNITIES!(2012)! 63!2.1.! INTERNET!ACCESS!AND!USE! 63!2.1.1.! INTERNET!PENETRATION! 63!Figure!2.1.1.1.! Internet!use! 63!2.1.2.! INTERNET!USE!BY!ACCESS!LOCATION! 63!Figure!2.1.2.1.! Internet!access!from!various!locations! 64!Figure!2.1.2.2.! Hours!of!internet!use!per!week!from!various!locations! 64!2.1.3.! TYPE!OF!INTERNET!CONNECTION!AT!HOME! 64!Figure!2.1.3.1.! Type!of!connection!at!home! 65!2.1.4.! DIGITAL!DIVIDE! 65!Figure!2.1.4.1.! Internet!use!by!gender! 65!Figure!2.1.4.2.! Internet!use!by!age! 66!Figure!2.1.4.3.! Internet!Use!by!educational!level! 66!Figure!2.1.4.4.! Internet!use!by!employment!status! 67!Figure!2.1.4.5.! Internet!use!by!income! 67!Figure!2.1.4.6.! Internet!use!by!area!type! 68!Figure!2.1.4.7.! Internet!use!by!citizenship! 68!Figure!2.1.4.8.! Internet!use!by!children!in!the!household! 69!2.1.5.! INTERNET!NON\USE! 69!Figure!2.1.5.1.! Internet!Users,!Ex\Users!and!Never\Users! 69!Figure!2.1.5.2.! Reasons!for!not!using!the!internet! 70!
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Figure!2.1.5.3.! Likelihood!of!using!the!internet!within!next!year! 70!2.2.! SOURCES!OF!INFORMATION!AND!ENTERTAINMENT! 70!2.2.1.! THE!INTERNET! 70!Figure!2.2.1.1.! Importance!of!the!internet!for!information! 71!Figure!2.2.1.2.! Internet!reliability! 71!Figure!2.2.1.3.! Importance!of!the!internet!for!entertainment! 72!2.2.2.! TELEVISION! 72!Figure!2.2.2.1.! Importance!of!television!for!information! 72!Figure!2.2.2.2.! Importance!of!television!for!entertainment! 73!2.2.3.! NEWSPAPERS! 73!Figure!2.2.3.1.! Importance!of!newspapers!for!information! 73!Figure!2.2.3.2.! Importance!of!newspapers!for!entertainment! 74!2.2.4.! RADIO! 74!Figure!2.2.4.1.! Importance!of!radio!for!information! 74!Figure!2.2.4.2.! Importance!of!radio!for!entertainment! 75!2.2.5.! INTERPERSONAL!SOURCES! 75!Figure!2.2.5.1.! Importance!of!interpersonal!sources!for!information! 75!2.3.! TRADITIONAL!MEDIA!USE! 75!2.3.1.! TELEVISION! 75!Figure!2.3.1.1.! Hours!of!TV!viewing! 76!2.3.2.! RADIO! 76!Figure!2.3.2.1.! Hours!of!radio!listening! 76!2.3.3.! NEWSPAPERS! 76!Figure!2.3.3.1.! Hours!of!newspaper!reading! 77!2.3.4.! COMPARISON!OF!INTERNET!USERS!AND!NON\USERS! 77!Figure!2.3.4.1.! Hours!of!TV!viewing!(users!and!non\users!of!the!internet)! 77!Figure!2.3.4.2.! Hours!of!radio!listening!(users!and!non\users!of!the!internet)! 78!Figure!2.3.4.3.! Hours!of!newspaper!reading!(users!and!non\users!of!the!internet)! 78!Figure!2.3.4.4.! Hours!of!use!of!traditional!media! 79!2.4.! SOCIAL!RELATIONSHIPS!AND!COMMUNICATION! 79!2.4.1.! SOCIAL!RELATIONSHIPS! 79!Figure!2.4.1.1.! Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!hobbies! 79!Figure!2.4.1.2.! Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!political!views! 80!Figure!2.4.1.3.! Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!religious!beliefs! 80!Figure!2.4.1.4.! Contact!with!colleagues! 81!Figure!2.4.1.5.! Contact!with!family! 81!Figure!2.4.1.6.! Contact!with!friends! 82!2.4.2.! TIME!SPENT!WITH!FRIENDS!AND!FAMILY! 82!Figure!2.4.2.1.! Time!spent!with!family! 82!Figure!2.4.2.2.! Time!spent!with!friends! 83!Figure!2.4.2.3.! Hour!spent!with!family!per!week.! 83!Figure!2.4.2.4.! Hours!spent!with!friends!per!week! 84!2.4.3.! COMMUNICATION!WITH!OTHER!PEOPLE! 84!Figure!2.4.3.1.! E\mail!use! 84!Figure!2.4.3.2.! Instant messaging! 85!Figure!2.4.3.3.! Participation!in!chat!rooms! 85!Figure!2.4.3.4.! Sending!e\mail!attachments! 86!Figure!2.4.3.5.! Calls!over!the!internet! 86!Figure!2.4.3.6.! Working!on!blogs! 87!Figure!2.4.3.7.! Posting!photos!or!pictures!on!the!internet! 87!Figure!2.4.3.8.! Uploading!music!videos! 88!Figure!2.4.3.9.! Participation!in!discussion!boards! 88!Figure!2.4.3.10.! Updating!status! 89!Figure!2.4.3.11.! Commenting!on!blogs!and!message!boards! 89!2.4.4.! MULTITASKING! 89!Figure!2.4.4.1.! Multitasking! 90!2.5.! ONLINE!ACTIVITIES! 90!2.5.1.! INFORMATION!RELATED!ONLINE!ACTIVITIES! 90!Figure!2.5.1.1.! Looking!for!news! 90!
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Figure!2.5.1.2.! Looking!for!a!job! 91!Figure!2.5.1.3.! Reading!blogs! 91!Figure!2.5.1.4.! Looking!for!humorous!content! 92!Figure!2.5.1.5.! Looking!for!travel!information! 92!Figure!2.5.1.6.! Looking!for!health!information! 93!Figure!2.5.1.7.! Getting!information!about!a!product! 93!2.5.2.! ONLINE!TRANSACTIONS! 93!Figure!2.5.2.1.! Buying!online! 94!Figure!2.5.2.2.! Paying!bills! 94!Figure!2.5.2.3.! Online!banking! 95!Figure!2.5.2.4.! Investing!online! 95!Figure!2.5.2.5.! Making!travel!arrangements! 95!2.5.3.! SECURITY!CONCERNS! 95!Figure!2.5.3.1.! Concerns!about!security!of!online!transactions! 96!2.5.4.! ONLINE!ENTERTAINMENT! 96!Figure!2.5.4.1.! Playing!games! 96!Figure!2.5.4.2.! Online!music! 97!Figure!2.5.4.3.! Online!videos! 97!Figure!2.5.4.4.! Religious!sites! 97!Figure!2.5.4.5.! Online!radio! 98!Figure!2.5.4.6.! Betting!and!gambling!online! 98!Figure!2.5.4.7.! Surfing!the!web! 98!Figure!2.5.4.8.! Online!sexual!content! 99!Figure!2.5.4.9.! Social!networking!sites! 99!2.5.5.! ONLINE!LEARNING! 99!Figure!2.5.5.1.! Online!learning!\!word!definitions! 100!Figure!2.5.5.2.! Online!learning!–!fact!checking! 100!Figure!2.5.5.3.! Online!learning!\!school!related!information! 100!Figure!2.5.5.4.! Online!learning!\!distance!learning! 101!2.6.! PERCEPTIONS!ABOUT!SOCIAL!AND!POLITICAL!LIFE! 101!2.6.1.! POLITICAL!EFFICACY! 101!Figure!2.6.1.1.! Political!self\placement!on!the!left\right!axis! 101!Figure!2.6.1.2.! Increase!of!personal!political!power! 102!Figure!2.6.1.3.! Increase!of!personal!influence!on!governmental!actions! 102!Figure!2.6.1.4.! Increase!of!officials’!interest!in!what!people!think! 103!Figure!2.6.1.5.! Better!understanding!of!politics! 103!Figure!2.6.1.6.! Importance!of!internet!during!the!pre\election!campaigns.! 104!2.6.2.! SOCIAL!TRUST! 104!Figure!2.6.2.1.! Most!people!can!be!trusted! 104!Figure!2.6.2.2.! Most!people!will!try!to!take!advantage!of!you! 105!Figure!2.6.2.3.! Most!people!will!try!to!be!helpful! 105!2.7.! FREEDOM!OF!EXPRESSION!AND!SURVEILLANCE! 105!2.7.1.! FREEDOM!OF!EXPRESSION! 105!Figure!2.7.1.1.! Freedom!of!expression!on!political!issues! 106!Figure!2.7.1.2.! Political!expression!online! 106!Figure!2.7.1.3.! Criticizing!government!online! 107!Figure!2.7.1.4.! Expression!of!extreme!ideas!online! 107!Figure!2.7.1.5.! Government!regulation!of!the!internet! 108!2.7.2.! SURVEILLANCE! 108!Figure!2.7.2.1.! Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!the!government! 108!Figure!2.7.2.2.! Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!companies! 109!
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!!EXECUTIVE(SUMMARY$!The!third!wave!of!the!World!Internet!Project!survey!in!Cyprus!was!conducted!in!the!fall!of!2012!in!both!the!Greek\Cypriot!and!the!Turkish\Cypriot!communities.!!The!data!were!collected! by! two! telephone! surveys,! one! in! the! Greek\Cypriot! community! with! a!probability! sample! of! 1000! persons! aged! 15! or! over! and! one! in! the! Turkish\Cypriot!community!with!a!probability!sample!of!1007!persons!aged!15!or!over.!!In!the!first!part!of! the! report,!we!present! trends! in! internet!use! in! the!Greek\Cypriot! community! from!2008!to!2012.!!In!the!second!part,!we!present!a!comparison!between!the!Greek\Cypriot!and!the!Turkish\Cypriot!communities!in!2012.!!!! Internet! penetration! in! the! Greek\Cypriot! community! has! been! rising! steadily!from! 49.7%! in! 2008! to! 57.8%! in! 2010! to! 61.6%! in! 2012.! ! In! 2012,! almost! all! Greek\Cypriot! users! (95.9%)! accessed! the! internet! at! home! (the! overwhelming!majority! via!broadband! connection)! while! 70%! of! those! employed! and! 68.8%! of! those! at! school!accessed!the!internet!from!work!and!school!respectively.!!!! With! respect! to! the! digital! divide,! in! 2012,! male! users! still! prevailed! by! 12!percentage!points,!although!internet!use!among!women!continues!to!increase.!!Internet!use! is! negatively! correlated! with! age! and! positively! correlated! with! educational!attainment!and!income.!!!! The!internet!has!been!gaining!importance!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community!both!as! a! source! of! information! and! as! a! source! of! entertainment.! ! Still,! the! importance! of!television,!radio!and!print!newspapers!has!not!diminished.!!Greek\Cypriots!who!do!not!use! the! internet! spend!more! time!watching! television! than! internet!users,!while! there!are! no! apparent! differences! between! users! and! non\users! with! respect! to! reading!newspapers!and!listening!to!the!radio.!!!! The! use! of! the! internet! seems! to! be! contributing! positively! in! Greek\Cypriots'!social! life,!as! it! is!associated!with!slight! to!moderate! increases! in! the!contacts!of!users!with!people!of!similar!interests,!political!ideologies!and!religious!beliefs,!as!well!as!with!people! in! the! same!profession!and!with! family!members!and! friends.! !With! respect! to!communication! with! other! people,! email! remains! the! most! popular! form! of!communication!and!its!importance!seems!to!be!growing.!!Increases!are!also!observed!in!instant!messaging,! chat! room!participation,! sending! email! attachments,!making!phone!calls! over! the! internet! and! updating! one’s! status! in! social! media;! at! the! same! time,!working!on!blogs,!posting!photos!or!pictures,!uploading!music!videos,!participating! in!discussion! boards! and! commenting! on! blogs! and! message! boards! have! remained!relatively!stable!since!2008!in!terms!of!frequency!of!involvement.!!!! Beyond!the!social!use!of!the!internet,!several!other!activities,!such!as!looking!for!news,!jobs!and!humorous!content,!looking!for!travel,!heath!and!product!information!and!reading!blogs,!seem!to!be!gaining!popularity!among!Greek\Cypriot!users.!!An!increase!is!also!observed! in!buying! things!and!paying!bills!online,! electronic!banking!and!making!travel! reservations.! ! Still,! Greek\Cypriots! are! becoming! increasingly! more! concerned!about!the!security!of!online!transactions.!!!! With!respect!to!internet!use!for!entertainment,!web!browsing!is!by!far!the!most!popular! activity! among!Greek\Cypriots,!while!visiting! religious!websites! and!gambling!are!the!least!popular.!Downloading!music!and!videos,! listening!to!online!radio!stations!and!visiting!social!networking!and!video\sharing!websites!are!also!on!the!rise.!!!
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! Greek\Cypriot!users!increasingly!perceive!the!internet!as!a!safe!means!of!political!talk! as! well! as! an! effective! means! of! gaining! political! awareness! and! power.! ! Most!respondents!also!support!freedom!of!expression!on!the!internet,!although!about!four!in!ten! support! more! governmental! regulation! of! the! internet.! ! Finally,! Greek\Cypriot!internet! users! seem! to! be! becoming! more! and! more! worried! with! respect! to! online!privacy.!! Turning! to! the! comparison! of! the! two! communities,! we! observe! that,! in! both!communities,! around! 60%! of! the! respondents! used! the! internet! during! 2012,! with! a!slightly! higher! percentage! observed! on! the! Greek\Cypriot! side! (61.6%! vs! 58.2%).! ! In!both! communities,! the! majority! of! internet! users! access! the! internet! from! home.! ! A!majority! of! Turkish\Cypriot! users! (56.0%)! and! an! overwhelming! majority! of! Greek\Cypriot!users!(89.7%)!connect!from!home!via!broadband!connection.!!Connecting!to!the!internet!via!a!phone!modem!is!unusual!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community;!in!the!Turkish\Cypriot! community! it! occurs! at! a! rate! of! 32.0%.! ! Internet! access! at! school! is! more!prevalent! in! the! Greek\Cypriot! community.! ! ! A! higher! percentage! of! Turkish\Cypriots!access!the!internet!from!mobile!devices.!!Overall!Greek\Cypriots!spend!more!time!on!the!internet!than!Turkish\Cypriots.!! With!respect!to!the!digital!divide,!there!is!a!slightly!larger!gap!in!the!prevalence!of! internet! use!between!males! and! females! in! the!Turkish\Cypriot! community! (64.5%!among!males!vs!50.8%!among!females,!compared!to!67.5%!vs!55.7%!respectively!in!the!Greek\Cypriot! community).! ! Internet!use! correlates!negatively!with!age!and!positively!with!educational!attainment!and!income!in!both!communities.! !Rates!of!use!are!similar!in! urban! and! rural! areas! on! the! Greek\Cypriot! side,! while! Turkish\Cypriot! urbanites!seem! to! be! using! the! internet! at! a! higher! rate! compared! to! Turkish\Cypriot! rural!residents.!!!! The! internet! is! perceived! in! both! communities! as! an! important! source! of! both!information! and! entertainment.! ! Greek\Cypriots! tend! to! be! slightly! less! trustful! of! the!reliability!of!online! information.! !Most! internet!users! in!both! communities! report! that!television! is!an! important!or!very! important!source!of! information!and!entertainment.!!Turkish\Cypriot! internet!users!value!newspapers!as! sources!of! information!more! than!Greek\Cypriot!users!do.!!Most!Turkish\Cypriot!(61.0%)!and!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!(54.5%)! believe! that! radio! is! an! important! or! very! important! source! of! information,!while! 60.4%! of! the! Greek\Cypriot! respondents! and! 53.3%! of! the! Turkish\Cypriot!respondents!consider!radio!as!an!important!or!very!important!source!of!entertainment.!!In! both! communities,! internet! non\users! spend! more! time! watching! television! than!internet! users,!while! internet! users! spend!more! time! listening! to! the! radio! than! non\users.!!Newspaper!reading!seems!to!be!unrelated!to!internet!use.!!!! In!both!communities,!the!use!of!the!internet!seems!to!be!contributing!positively!to!users'!social!life,!as!it!is!associated!with!slight!to!moderate!increases!in!the!contacts!of!users!with!people!of!similar!interests,!political!ideologies!and!religious!beliefs,!as!well!as!with! people! in! the! same! profession! and! with! family! members! and! friends.! Turkish\Cypriot!users!report!these!increases!at!a!higher!degree!compared!to!Greek\Cypriot!users,!with! the! exception! of! contact! with! people! in! one's! profession,! where! the! perceived!increase! in! contact! is! higher! in! the!Greek\Cypriot! sample.! ! In! both! communities,! non\users! spend! more! time! with! their! families! than! users.! ! Greek! Cypriot! users! report!spending!more!time!with!their!friends!than!non\users,!while!internet!use!in!the!Turkish\Cypriot!community!does!not!seem!to!be!related!to!the!amount!of!time!Turkish\Cypriots!spend!with! their! friends.! !Greek\Cypriots!use!email!and!email!attachments!more!often!that! Turkish\Cypriots,! who! seem! to! be! significantly! more! active! in! blogging,! posting!
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
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pictures!and!videos!online!and!participating!in!discussion!boards.!!Turkish\Cypriots!also!use! instant!messaging!and!update! their! status! in! social!media!more!often! than!Greek\Cypriots,! while! no! important! differences! between! the! two! communities! are! observed!regarding!participation!in!chat!rooms!and!internet!phone!calls.!!!! Greek\Cypriots! use! the! internet! on! a! daily! basis! in! order! to! gather! news!information!and!to!look!for!employment!at!a!higher!rate!compared!to!Turkish\Cypriots.!!Greek\Cypriots! also! visit!websites!with! humorous! content,! use! the! internet! for! health!information,! look! for! consumer! information,!buy! things!online,!do!online! transactions,!use! online! banking! services! and! make! online! travel! reservations! more! often.! ! No!apparent!differences!were!noted!between!the!two!communities!regarding!the!search!for!travel!information!and!online!investment.!!Greek\Cypriots!are!also!more!skeptical!about!the!safety!of!their!online!transactions.!!!! With! respect! to! entertainment,! Turkish\Cypriots! use! the! internet! for! playing!games!more!often!than!do!Greek\Cypriots,!who!use!it!more!frequently!for!downloading!music! and! videos.! ! Browsing! is! by! far! the!most! popular! activity! in! both! communities,!whereas! visiting! religious! websites,! betting! and! looking! for! sexual! content! reported!relatively!infrequently.! !Social!networking!activities!and!listening!to!online!stations!are!more!popular!among!the!Greek\Cypriots.!!!! The!two!communities!are!about!equally!involved!in!using!the!internet!to!retrieve!school\related!information.!Greek\Cypriots!tend!to!use!the!internet!more!than!Turkish\Cypriots! to! look! up!word! definitions! and! for! fact! checking.! ! The! involvement! of! both!communities!in!distance!learning!activities!is!minimal.!!!! Skepticism!about!the!possibility!of!gaining!political!efficacy!through!the!internet!is!higher!among!Turkish\Cypriots,!as!45.1%!(vs!35.6%!of!Greek\Cypriots)!do!not!believe!that! the! internet! can! increase! their! influence! on! politics! and! 31.8%! (21.8%!of! Greek\Cypriots)!are!uncertain!on!this!issue.!!Most!users!in!both!communities!remain!skeptical!as! to! whether! the! use! of! the! internet! can! increase! one’s! personal! impact! on!governmental! decisions! and! actions.! The! majority! in! both! communities! also! remains!skeptical!as!to!whether!the!internet!can!increase!public!officials'!interest!in!what!people!think.! !Yet,!Greek\Cypriot!respondents!evaluate!the! internet’s!potential!contribution!to!the!understanding!of!political!processes!more!positively!than!Turkish\Cypriots!do.!!The!majority!of!Greek\Cypriots! (77.2%)!and!about!half! of!Turkish\Cypriots! (49.9%)!are! in!favor!of!the!freedom!to!criticize!the!government!online.! !A!higher!percentage!of!Greek\Cypriots! (59.4%)! than! of! Turkish\Cypriots! (35.4%)! is! in! favor! of! freedom! to! express!even! extreme! ideas! online.! Still,! more! than! four! in! ten! Greek\Cypriot! respondents!(42.9%)!support!that!the!government!should!regulate!the!internet!more,!while!only!37.1%!of! Turkish\Cypriots! does! so.! ! At! the! same! time! however,! 37.6%! of! Greek\Cypriots!disagree! or! strongly! disagree! with! more! regulation.! ! Finally,! Greek\Cypriot! internet!users! are! less! likely! than! Turkish\Cypriot! users! to! worry! about! having! their! online!activity!monitored!by!the!state!or!the!private!sector.!!!! !
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
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!!!!!INTRODUCTION$!The$Project$!The! "World! Internet! Project! Cyprus",! implemented! by! the! Department! of!Communication!and!Internet!Studies!and!funded!by!the!Cyprus!University!of!Technology,!is! part! of! the! "World! Internet! Project"! ongoing! research! program,! directed! by! the!Annenberg!School!Center!for!the!Digital!Future!at!the!University!of!Southern!California,!with!more!than!20!participating!countries.! !The!first!wave!of!the!survey!in!Cyprus!was!conducted! in! late!2008!and!the!second! in! the!spring!of!2010.!This!report!presents! the!results! of! the! third! wave! of! the! survey,! conducted! in! the! fall! of! 2012! in! both! Greek\Cypriot!and!Turkish\Cypriot! communities.! !Part!1!of! the! report!presents! the! trends! in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community!from!2008\2012.!!Results!from!the!first!two!waves!of!the!survey! are! presented! together! with! the! 2012! results.! Part! 2! presents! a! comparison!between!the!Greek\Cypriot!and!the!Turkish\Cypriot!communities!in!2012.!!!!Methodology$!Data!for!the!third!wave!of!the!WIP!Cyprus!survey!were!collected!in!the!fall!of!2012!by!two!telephone!surveys,!one!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community!with!a!probability!sample!of! 1000! persons! aged! 15! or! over! and! one! in! the! Turkish\Cypriot! community! with! a!probability! sample! of! 1007! persons! aged! 15! or! over.! ! The! population! of! interest!was!defined!as!all!people!15!years!of!age!and!above!who!live!in!Cyprus!and!can!communicate!in! Greek,! Turkish,! or! English.! ! Telephone! interviews! were! conducted! with! individual!participants! selected! randomly! within! households! that! were! selected! by! a! stratified!random! design! from! the! telephone! directory! in! each! community! (landline! numbers!only).!!The!sampling!was!proportionately!stratified!with!respect!to!district!and!area!type!(urban!vs!rural).!!The!instrument!used!in!both!surveys!was!a!standardized!questionnaire,!which!included!all!items!required!by!the!WIP!International!project!and!a!small!number!of!additional!items!representing!variables!of!theoretical!interest.!!The!questionnaire!was!translated! in! Greek! and! Turkish! but! was! also! available! in! English.! ! The! data! were!entered! manually! (Greek\Cypriot! community)! and! by! use! of! a! Computer! Assisted!Telephone! Interview! interface! (Turkish\Cypriot! community).! !Quality! control! revealed!no! significant!errors! in!data! construction.! !The! final!datasets!were!weighted!based!on!gender,!age!and!education.!!!!Presentation$of$the$Results$!This! report! contains! descriptive! presentation! of! all! variables! measured! in! the! 2012!survey!with!simultaneous!presentation!of!results!from!the!previous!waves!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community!(Part!1)!and!in!comparative!presentation!between!the!Greek\Cypriot!and!the!Turkish\Cypriot!communities!in!2012!(Part!2).!!The!presentation!is!done!using!mostly!bar!charts!of!relative! frequencies!and,! in!a! few!occasions,!variable!means.! !The!relative! frequencies! of! all! categories! (answer! options)! are! presented! on! the! bars,! in!
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
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order!for!the!reader!to!know!the!percentages!exactly,!without!the!need!to!look!at!data!tables.! !Brief!comments!are!included,!mostly!to!direct!the!reader!smoothly!through!the!report!rather!than!to!discuss!the!etiology!of!what!is!reported.!!It!should!be!noted!that!for!simplicity!purposes!all!text!is!written!in!plain!language!and!all!figures!represent!center!point!estimates,!based!on!the!sample!statistics.!!Confidence!intervals!are!not!reported.!!! !
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
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!!!!!PART$1. $
$$INTERNET&USE!IN#THE#GREEKGCYPRIOT(COMMUNITY$(2008G2012)$
!!!!!1.1. INTERNET$ACCESS$AND$USE$!1.1.1. Internet$Penetration$!As! presented! in! Figure! 1.1.1.1,! internet! use! among! the! general! population! of! Greek\Cypriots! has! increased! by! 3.8! percentage! points! since! 2010! and! by! 11.9! percentage!points!since!2008.!!!
!Figure'1.1.1.1. Internet!use!!Internet!use! seems! to!be! increasing! in!most!districts!of! the!Greek\Cypriot! community,!with!the!most!significant!increase!found!in!the!district!of!Ammohostos!(Figure!1.1.1.2).!!!
49.7%
57.8%
61.6%
50.3%
42.2%
38.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2008 2010 2012
Internet Use All respondents
Users Non-users
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
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!Figure'1.1.1.2. Internet!use!by!district!!1.1.2. Internet$Use$by$Access$Location$!Figure! 1.1.2.1! illustrates! the! various! locations! from!which! Greek\Cypriot! users! access!the! internet.! !The!majority!of! internet!users!access!the! internet!from!home.! !There!are!important!increases!over!time!in!internet!use!from!school!and!other!locations,!while!the!percentage! of! people! who! access! the! internet! from! hand\held! devices,! such! as! cell\phones!and!tablets,!has!almost!doubled!since!2010.!!!
!Figure'1.1.2.1. Internet!access!from!various!locations!!On! average,!Greek\Cypriots! users!use! the! internet!18.2!hours!per!week! at! home,! 13.1!hours!per!week!at!work!and!7.9!hours!per!week!at!school,!while!the!average!cellphone!internet!use!is!11.7!hours!per!week!(Figure!1.1.2.2).!!
49.7%
56.6%
49.7% 49.4%
29.4%
37.3%
57.8%
65.1%
57.1%
50.3% 52.2%
41.5%
61.6%
52.7%
64.6%
69.6%
59.6%
78.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Nicosia Limassol Larnaka Pafos Ammohostos
Internet Use by District All Respondents
2008 2010 2012
82.6%
62.5% 58.9%
18.2% 16.5%
88.2%
66.5%
53.8%
17.6%
22.5%
95.9%
70.0% 68.8%
31.0%
38.7%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
At Home - Base All Users At Work - Base Employed At School - Base Students Other Places - Base All Users Cellphone - Base All Users
Access to the Internet at Various Locations
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
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!Figure'1.1.2.2. Hours!of!internet!use!per!week!from!various!locations!!
1.1.3. Type$of$Internet$Connection$at$Home$!The! type! of! connection! Greek\Cypriots! use! to! access! the! internet! at! home! has! not!changed,! compared! to! the! previous!measurements,! as! broadband! internet!was! and! is!widespread!(Figure!1.1.3.1).!!!
!Figure'1.1.3.1. Type!of!connection!at!home!!1.1.4. Digital$Divide$!The! existence! of! a! digital! divide! is! apparent! in! terms! of! gender,! age,! education,!employment!status!and! income.! !Compared!to!the!previous!measurements,! there! is!no!significant!convergence!of! the! two!ends!of! this!divide.! !With!respect! to!gender!(Figure!1.1.4.1),! internet! use! among! women! continues! to! increase,! although! male! users! still!prevail!by!12!percentage!points.!!!
9.6
10.8
2.8
1.0
5.6
11.7
9.8
1.8
0.7
8.4
18.2
13.1
7.9
1.6
11.7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
At Home - Base All Users At Work - Base Employed At School - Base Students Other Places - Base All Users Cellphone - Base All Users
Hours of Internet Use at Various Locations
2008 2010 2012
15.4%
83.6%
1.0% 0.0%
13.1%
86.1%
0.8% 0.0%
9.9%
89.7%
0.2% 0.2% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Phone modem Broadband (Always on) Mobile modem Other (open field)
Type of Internet Connection at Home Internet at Home Users
2008 2010 2012
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!Figure'1.1.4.1. Internet!use!by!gender!!!Figure!1.1.4.2!shows!that,!although!internet!use!is!increasing!through!time!among!all!age!groups,!it!is!negatively!associated!with!age!at!any!given!time.!!
!Figure'1.1.4.2. Internet!use!by!age!!Educational!level!is!the!third!major!dimension!on!which!the!digital!divide!in!the!Greek\Cypriot! community! is! apparent! (Figure! 1.1.4.3).! ! Respondents! with! a! higher! level! of!education!are!much!more!likely!to!use!the!internet.!!
49.7%
54.2%
45.5%
57.8%
61.6%
54.4%
61.6%
67.7%
55.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Male Female
Internet Use by Gender All respondents
2008 2010 2012
49.70%
82.9%
70.8%
48.3%
38.0%
28.2%
6.5%
0.0%
57.80%
91.4%
79.9%
64.9%
45.3%
23.8%
12.8%
0.0%
61.60%
93.9%
85.0%
68.7%
52.7%
35.1%
17.6%
12.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-99
Internet Use by Age All Respondents
2008 2010 2012
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!Figure'1.1.4.3. Internet!Use!by!educational!level!!Figure!1.1.4.4!shows!that!internet!use!is!higher!among!students!(high\school,!college!or!university)! at! a! rate! close! to! one! hundred! percent! (98.3%),!while! it! is! still! quite! low!among! housewives/househusbands! (22.6%)! and! pensioners! (19.1%).! ! Internet! use! is!higher!among!the!employed!(68.5%)!compared!to!the!unemployed!(60.0%).!!
!Figure'1.1.4.4. Internet!use!by!employment!status!!Income!is!clearly!positively!associated!with!internet!use!(Figure!1.1.4.5).!!
49.7%
1.6%
46.4%
39.9%
92.2%
75.5%
57.8%
3.4%
56.6%
45.9%
89.2%
79.6%
61.6%
4.0%
58.0%
53.8%
91.9%
81.0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Primary Secondary Lyceum College/University student College/University Graduate
Internet Use by Educational Level All Respondents
2008 2010 2012
49.7%
92.8%
55.7%
38.1%
7.9% 5.2%
56.3% 57.8%
96.4%
63.8%
46.9%
16.5%
9.3%
83.3%
61.6%
98.3%
68.5%
60.0%
22.6% 19.1%
85.7%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
TOTAL Student Employed Unemployed Housewife or Househusband
Retired Other
Internet Use by Employment Status All Respondents
2008 2010 2012
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20!!
!Figure'1.1.4.5. Internet!use!by!income!!As!indicated!by!Figure!1.1.4.6,!internet!use!is!about!equal!in!urban!and!rural!areas,!due!to!a!higher!rate!of!increase!in!the!latter!since!2008.!!
!Figure'1.1.4.6. Figure!Internet!use!by!area!type!!A!"reverse!divide"!is!observed!with!respect!to!citizenship.!!As!in!2008!and!2010,!internet!use! appears! to! be! higher! among! non\Cypriot! nationals! in! 2012.! ! As! shown! in! Figure!1.1.4.7,! the! difference! between! the! two! groups! is! also! increasing,! indicating! that! the!internet! is! becoming! more! important! for! the! foreigners! or! immigrants! who! live! in!Cyprus,!as!compared!to!Greek\Cypriots.!!!
49.7%
25.6%
38.3%
56.1% 58.8%
68.1%
57.8%
31.3%
42.0%
55.9%
73.0%
83.7%
61.6%
35.9%
47.4%
67.8%
79.3% 81.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Up to 1200 1201-2000 2001-3000 3001-4000 4001+
Internet Use by Family Income (Gross Euros per Month) All Respondents
2008 2010 2012
49.7%
53.6%
41.2%
57.8% 58.4% 56.4%
61.6% 60.7% 62.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
TOTAL Urban Rural
Internet Use by Area Type All Respondents
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
21!!
!Figure'1.1.4.7. Internet!use!by!citizenship!!Finally,!although!not!a! factor! typically!accounted! for!as!a! form!of!digital!divide,! family!composition! seems! to! affect! internet! use,!with! a! positive! effect! of! the! presence! in! the!household!of!children!under!the!age!of!18!(Figure!1.1.4.8).!!
!Figure'1.1.4.8. Internet!use!by!children!in!the!household!!1.1.5. Internet$NonGUse$!Although!internet!use!has!increased!dramatically!in!Cyprus!since!2008,!the!percentage!of! people! who! started! using! the! internet! and! quit! increased! from! 5.9%! of! the! total!population!in!2010!to!10.5%!in!2012!(Figure!1.1.1.5).!!!
49.7% 49.0%
61.8%
57.8% 57.5%
67.7%
61.6% 60.1%
78.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Cypriot Other
Internet User by Citizenship All Respondents
2008 2010 2012
49.7%
57.2%
43.4%
57.8%
67.8%
48.7%
61.6%
72.1%
55.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Yes No
Internet Use by Children Under 18 in Household All Respondents
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
22!!
!Figure'1.1.5.1. Internet!Users,!ExIUsers!and!NeverIUsers!!Regarding! reasons! for!quitting,! as! shown! in!Figure!1.1.5.2,! non\usefulness! and! lack!of!knowledge!and!time!are!currently!the!main!ones.!!The!significant!drop!in!the!percentage!of!people!who!find!the!internet!not!interesting!or!not!useful!(from!62.8%!in!2010!to!25.8%!in! 2012)! indicates! a! positive! attitude! toward! new! information! and! communication!technologies.!!Interestingly!however,!the!percentage!of!people!who!cite!lack!of!internet!skills!has!dramatically!increased!(from!18.0%!in!2010!to!46.1%!in!2012).!!
!Figure'1.1.5.2. Reasons!for!not!using!the!internet!!The! "other"! reasons! given! in! 2012! by! ex\users! (Figure! 1.1.5.3)!were! coded! as! lack! of!time! (35.1%! in! 2012),! no! interest! in! using! the! internet! (13.8%! in! 2012)! and!unemployment!(19.1%!in!2012).!!
49.7%
57.8%
61.6%
6.8% 5.9%
10.5%
43.5%
36.3%
28.0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2008 2010 2012
Internet Users, Ex-Users and Never-Users All Respondents
Users Ex-Users Never-Users
55.3%
20.9%
11.7% 9.9%
0.8% 1.4%
62.8%
18.0%
10.0% 7.1%
1.9% 0.2%
25.8%
46.1%
17.4%
5.2% 2.3% 3.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
No interest / not useful Don't know how to use it No time / too busy No computer / internet connection
Too expensive / cannot afford it Other
Reasons for Not Using the Internet Non-users (ex-users & never-users)
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
23!!
!Figure'1.1.5.3. Reasons!for!stopping!using!the!internet!!Figure!1.1.5.4!shows!that!certainty!about!not!using!of!the!internet!within!the!next!year!has!decreased!by!almost!15!percentage!points!(66.9%!in!2010,!52.0%!in!2012).!!!
!Figure'1.1.5.4. Likelihood!of!using!the!internet!within!next!year!!!!
23.9%
19.4%
14.9%
3.0%
1.5%
6.0%
4.5%
3.0%
7.5%
1.5%
1.5%
0.0%
13.4%
13.1%
11.5%
11.5%
14.8%
14.8%
4.9%
8.2%
1.6%
1.6%
4.9%
1.6%
0.0%
11.5%
35.1%
13.8%
6.4%
1.1%
3.2%
6.4%
2.1%
3.2%
0.0%
9.6%
19.1%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
No time / the internet consumes too much time
No interest
Didn't use it enough
The internet is not useful
Too expensive
Changed work and moved to a new environment with no internet access
Changed home and didn't install internet access
Do not know how to use
No computer/terminal available
Fear of / confused by technology
Computer is not good enough
Unemployed
Other
Reasons for Stopping Using the Internet Ex-users
2008 2010 2012
64.0%
23.4%
12.6%
66.9%
21.8%
11.3%
52.0%
31.0%
17.0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
not likely might use it very likely
Likelihood of Using the Internet within Next Year Non-users (ex-users & never-users)
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
24!!
1.2. SOURCES$OF$INFORMATION$AND$ENTERTAINMENT$!1.2.1. The$Internet$!The! internet!seems!to!be!gaining! importance!as!a!source!of! information!among!Greek\Cypriots.! ! As! demonstrated! in! Figure! 1.2.1.1,! almost! 87%! of! Greek\Cypriot! users!consider! the! internet!an! important!or!very! important!source!of! information,!while! the!corresponding!figure!in!2010!was!only!66.5%.!!
!Figure'1.2.1.1. Importance!of!the!internet!for!information'!Greek\Cypriots! seem! to! be! becoming! more! distrustful! of! the! internet:! the! majority!internet!users!(55.6%)!believes!that!only!about!half!of!the!information!on!the!internet!is!reliable!(Figure!1.2.1.2).!In!2012,!only!28.7%!of!the!users!believe!that!most!or!all!of!the!information!on!the!internet!is!reliable,!while!the!corresponding!figure!for!2010!is!59.7%.!!
!Figure'1.2.1.2. Internet!reliability!!
3.4%
6.9%
18.3%
30.8%
40.5%
9.0% 7.1%
17.4%
32.6% 33.9%
0.7%
3.3%
9.1%
47.6%
39.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Information is the Internet? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
0.8%
14.6%
29.9%
50.6%
4.0%
1.6%
5.5%
33.2%
47.8%
11.9%
2.5%
13.3%
55.6%
23.9%
4.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
None A small part About half Most of it All of it
How Much of the Information on the Internet is Reliable? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
25!!
The!internet!is!also!an!important!source!of!entertainment.!In!2012,!most!Greek\Cypriot!users! (72.8%)! say! that! the! internet! is! an! important! or! very! important! source! of!entertainment.!!
!Figure'1.2.1.3. Importance!of!the!internet!for!entertainment!!1.2.2. Television$!Most!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!(69.0%)!report!that!television!provides!an!important!or!very!important!source!of!information!(Figure!1.2.2.1).!!
!Figure'1.2.2.1. Importance!of!television!for!information!!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!also!think!that!television!is!an!important!or!very!important!source!of!entertainment!(Figure!1.2.2.2).!!
15.8%
12.7%
17.0%
24.2%
30.3%
15.2%
10.9%
21.6% 22.8%
29.4%
5.5% 7.5%
14.1%
28.6%
44.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Entertainment is the Internet? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
5.0%
8.1%
15.3%
38.7%
32.9%
5.0%
7.9%
20.2%
37.3%
29.5%
4.9%
9.1%
17.0%
47.6%
21.4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Information is the Television? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
26!!
!Figure'1.2.2.2. Importance!of!television!for!entertainment!!1.2.3. Newspapers$!Newspapers! seem! to! be! gaining! importance! as! a! source! of! information! among!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users.!!A!significant!shift!of!almost!24!percentage!points!(63.5%!in!2012!vs!39.2%!in!2010)!in!shown!in!Figure!1.2.3.1.!This!finding!may!be!the!result!of!the!2013!pre\election! campaign,! which! may! have! contributed! in! raising! the! importance! of! the!partisan!press!in!Cyprus.!!
!Figure'1.2.3.1. Importance!of!newspapers!for!information!!Newspapers!remain!the!least! important!source!of!entertainment.! !For!55.3%!of!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users,!newspapers!are!not!important!or!not!important!at!all!as!a!source!of! entertainment! (Figure! 1.2.3.2).! ! Still,! it! should! be! noted! that! internet! users! who!consider! the! newspapers! as! an! important! source! of! entertainment! have! increased! by!almost!10!percentage!points!(22.0%!in!2012!from!12.9%!in!2010).!!!
3.4% 5.0%
16.7%
37.5% 37.3%
3.1% 3.3%
18.4%
39.2%
35.9%
4.1%
7.5%
17.6%
38.7%
32.1%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Entertainment is the Tevevision ? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
24.6%
12.5%
16.7%
28.0%
18.1%
32.2%
12.7%
15.9%
22.9%
16.3%
7.5%
12.4%
16.6%
38.9%
24.6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Information are the Newspapers? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
27!!
!Figure'1.2.3.2. Importance!of!newspapers!for!entertainment!!1.2.4. Radio$!The!pattern!is!similar!concerning!the!importance!of!the!radio!as!a!source!of!information!(Figure!1.2.4.1):!54.5%!of!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!consider!the!radio!an!important!or!very!important!source!of!information!(an!increase!of!about!18!percentage!units!since!2010).!!!
!Figure'1.2.4.1. Importance!of!radio!for!information!!Figure! 1.2.4.2! shows! that! the! radio! is! an! important! or! very! important! source! of!entertainment! for! the!majority! of! internet! users! in! 2012! (60.4%).! ! The! percentage! of!internet! users!who! are! negative! regarding! radio’s! entertainment! value! has! decreased!significantly!(from!30.9%!in!2010!to!22.5%!in!2012).!!
40.0%
23.5%
17.9%
14.5%
4.0%
46.4%
18.9%
21.8%
9.4%
3.5%
28.6% 26.7%
22.7%
17.7%
4.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Entertainment are the Newspapers? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
18.8% 17.5%
22.4%
29.4%
11.9%
24.7%
16.2%
22.5%
25.6%
11.1%
9.0%
14.7%
21.9%
38.5%
16.0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Information is the Radio? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
28!!
!Figure'1.2.4.2. Importance!of!radio!for!entertainment!!1.2.5. Interpersonal$sources$!Interpersonal! relationships! appear! to! be! important! or! very! important! as! a! source! of!information!for!77.0%!of!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!(Figure!1.2.5.1).!!
!Figure'1.2.5.1. Importance!of!interpersonal!sources!for!information!!1.3. TRADITIONAL$MEDIA$USE$!1.3.1. Television$!Greek\Cypriot! internet!users!have!reduced!the!time!they!spend!watching!television,!as!in!2012!3.0%!stated!that!they!do!not!watch!television!at!all!and!32.3%!stated!that!they!watch!television!for!7!hours!per!week!or!less,!with!the!corresponding!figures!for!2010!being!0.9%!and!22.0%!(Figure!1.3.1.1).! !Compared! to!2010,! internet!users!who!watch!television!for!14!hours!or!more!per!week!have!decreased!from!49.5%!to!35.8%.!
15.7% 14.3%
19.2%
31.0%
19.8%
17.7%
13.2%
22.9%
28.5%
17.7%
7.7%
14.8%
17.2%
39.7%
20.7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Entertainment is the Radio? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
6.0%
8.0%
19.2%
39.8%
27.0%
2.9%
6.2%
20.9%
42.5%
27.5%
2.8%
5.7%
14.4%
39.8%
37.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Information are Interpersonal Relationships? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
29!!
!
!Figure'1.3.1.1. Hours!of!TV!viewing!!1.3.2. Radio$!About!half!(47.9%)!of!internet!users!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community!listen!to!the!radio!for!up!to!7!hours!per!week!(Figure!1.3.2.1).!!!
!Figure'1.3.2.1. Hours!of!radio!listening!!1.3.3. Newspapers$!Newspaper!readership!rates!continue!to!be!very!low!in!Cyprus.!!The!majority!of!Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! spend! up! to! 7! hours! per! week! reading! newspapers! (57.1%).!Greek\Cypriots! who! read! newspapers! for! more! than! 7! hours! weekly! constitute! a!minority!(10.8%),!although!there!is!a!notable!increase!in!this!group!since!2010!(Figure!1.3.3.1).!!
1.2%
24.7%
28.0% 26.8%
19.3%
0.9%
22.0%
27.7%
30.3%
19.2%
3.0%
32.3%
28.9%
19.8%
16.0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Watching TV per Week Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
10.5%
43.8%
17.7%
11.5%
16.5%
10.6%
51.6%
15.2%
7.8%
14.9%
7.1%
47.9%
16.8%
10.7%
17.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Radio Listening Per Week Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
30!!
!Figure'1.3.3.1. Hours!of!newspaper!reading!!1.3.4. Comparison$of$Internet$Users$and$NonGUsers$!A!common!hypothesis!among!researchers!and!media!professionals! is! that! internet!use!reduces! the! time!spent!using!other!media.! !Comparative!examination!of!Greek\Cypriot!internet! users’! and! non\users’! media! habits! in! 2012! reveals! more! considerable!discrepancies!in!television!viewing,!shows!small!differences!in!radio!listening!and!does!not!reveal!significant!discrepancies!in!newspaper!reading.!!!! Internet! users! tend! to! watch! television! fewer! hours! per! week! than! non\users!(Figure! 1.3.4.1).! ! The! differences! are! more! apparent! at! the! two! extremes:! 32.3%! of!internet!users!watch!television!for!up!to!7!hours!a!week,!with!the!respective!percentage!for!non\users!being!22.8%.! !The! situation! is! reversed! in! the! case!of!heavy!viewers,! as!29.3%!of!non\users!spend!more!than!21!hours!weekly!watching!television,!whereas!the!corresponding!figure!for!users!is!16%.!!
!Figure'1.3.4.1. Hours!of!TV!viewing!(users!and!nonIusers!of!the!internet)!!
34.5%
57.3%
5.0%
1.8% 1.4%
42.1%
54.6%
2.9% 0.2% 0.2%
32.1%
57.1%
7.7%
1.8% 1.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Reading Newspapers per Week Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
3.0%
32.3%
28.9%
19.8%
16.0%
1.8%
22.8%
27.7%
18.3%
29.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Watching TV per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users
Users Non-Users
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
31!!
Almost! half! of! internet! users! (47.9%)! listen! to! the! radio! for! up! to! 7! hours! weekly,!whereas! the! respective! rate! for! non\users! is! more! than! 12! percentage! units! lower!(35.6%).! !More! non\users! (24.5%)! than! users! (7.1%)! do! not! listen! to! the! radio! at! all!(Figure!1.3.4.2).!!
!Figure'1.3.4.2. Hours!of!radio!listening!(users!and!nonIusers!of!the!internet)!!Newspaper!reading!seems!to!be!practically!unaffected!by!internet!use,!as!both!users!and!non\users!share!almost!the!same!reading!(or!non\reading)!habits!(Figure!1.3.4.3).!!
!Figure'1.3.4.3. Hours!of!newspaper!reading!(users!and!nonIusers!of!the!internet)!!Summarizing!the!above!comparisons,!Greek\Cypriots!who!do!not!use!the!internet!spend!more! time! watching! television! than! internet! users,! while! there! are! no! apparent!differences! regarding! exposure! to! the! other! traditional! media! (Figure! 1.3.4.4).!!Therefore,! no! substitution! or! "cannibalization"! function! of! the! internet! towards! the!other!media!is!observed.!!
7.1%
47.9%
16.8%
10.7%
17.5%
24.5%
35.6%
10.8% 10.8%
18.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Radio Listening per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users
Users Non-Users
32.1%
57.1%
7.7%
1.8% 1.3%
33.1%
58.3%
4.9%
2.1% 1.6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Reading Newspapers per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users
Users Non-Users
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
32!!
!Figure'1.3.4.4. Hours!of!use!of!traditional!media!!!1.4. SOCIAL$RELATIONSHIPS$AND$COMMUNICATION$!1.4.1. Social$Relationships$!Concerning! the! effect! of! internet! use! on! social! relationships,! 30.2%! of! Greek\Cypriot!users!feel!that!contact!with!people!who!share!similar!interests!has!increased!or!greatly!increased!since! connecting! to! the! internet!and!only!7.6%! feel! that! it!has!decreased!or!greatly!decreased!(Figure!1.4.1.1).!!The!majority!(62.1%)!feels!that!the!internet!has!not!affected!this!kind!of!contact.!!
!Figure'1.4.1.1. Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!hobbies!
!
Similarly,!8.6%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!feel!that!the!time!they!spent!with!people!sharing!a! common! political! ideology! decreased! or! greatly! decreased! since! being! connected! to!
14.06 13.87
3.21
19.36
13.32
3.10
0
5
10
15
20
25
Watching TV Radio Listening Reading Newspapers
Hours of Traditional Media Use per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users
Users Non-Users
10.1%
5.5%
57.1%
16.8%
10.5%
4.4% 6.3%
68.2%
14.7%
6.5%
1.1%
6.5%
62.1%
25.7%
4.6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased
Has your Contact with People who Share your Hobbies/Recreational Activities Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use?
Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
33!!
the!internet,!whereas!17.3%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!think!that!it!has!increased!or!greatly!increased.! !The!majority!of! internet!users! (74.2%)!state! that! contact!with!people!who!share!their!political!views!is!largely!unaffected!by!internet!use!(Figure!1.4.1.2).!!
!Figure'1.4.1.2. Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!political!views!!Most!Greek\Cypriots!(84.4%)!do!not!think!that!the!internet!has!had!an!impact!on!their!contact!with!people!with!similar!religious!beliefs.!!Only!7.3%!of!users!in!the!sample!feel!that! this! contact! has! decreased! or! greatly! decreased! since! being! connected! to! the!internet.! ! At! the! other! end,! 8.4%! note! that! their! contact! with! people! with! similar!religious!beliefs!has!increased!or!greatly!increased!(Figure!1.4.1.3).!!
!Figure'1.4.1.3. Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!religious!beliefs!!Compared!to!the!2010!measurement,!more!Greek\Cypriot!users!tend!to!believe!that!the!internet! had! a! positive! impact! on! their! professional! contacts.! ! In! fact,! 52.5%! of! the!Greek\Cypriot! users! feel! that! their! internet! activities! helped! them! improve! their!professional!relations,!as!opposed!to!16.3%!in!2010!(Figure!1.4.1.4).!
18.0%
3.5%
70.9%
4.8% 2.8%
10.0%
5.2%
79.2%
4.3% 1.4%
2.9% 5.7%
74.2%
15.1%
2.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased
Has your Contact with People who Share your Political Views Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use?
Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
19.8%
3.2%
74.3%
2.1% 0.6%
9.7%
3.3%
80.3%
5.3%
1.4% 4.1% 3.2%
84.4%
7.5%
0.9% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased
Has your Contact with People who Share your Religious Beliefs Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use?
Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
34!!
!
!Figure'1.4.1.4. Contact!with!colleagues!!Relationships!with! family!members! have! undergone! some! change! because! of! internet!use.! !Although!most!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!(59.8%!in!2012!as!opposed!to!77.3%!in!2010)!feel!that!intimate!relationships!have!remained!intact,!the!percentage!of!internet!users! who! experience! a! positive! effect! of! the! internet! on! their! family! relations! has!increased!dramatically!from!11.2%!in!2010!to!30.1%!in!2012!(Figure!1.4.1.5).!!
!Figure'1.4.1.5. Contact!with!family!!
An! even! higher! proportion! of! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! feels! that! the! internet! has!had!a!positive! impact!on!socializing!with! friends.!Figure!1.4.1.6!shows! that!55.4%!feel!that!contact!with!their! friends! increased!or!greatly! increased!since!being!connected!to!the!internet,!while!the!percentage!of!users!who!believe!that!relations!with!their!friends!have! not! been! affected! by! internet! use! has! dropped! from!66.5%! in! 2010! to! 40.6%! in!2012.!!
12.9%
2.9%
61.2%
12.4% 10.6%
4.9% 2.6%
76.3%
11.9%
4.4%
0.5% 1.9%
45.0%
32.7%
19.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased
Has your Contact with People in Your Profession Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internent Use? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
10.4% 9.0%
66.3%
9.4%
4.9% 5.1% 6.5%
77.3%
8.9%
2.3% 1.6%
8.5%
59.8%
20.9%
9.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased
Has your Contact with Your Family Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internent Use? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
35!!
!Figure'1.4.1.6. Contact!with!friends!!1.4.2. Time$Spent$with$Friends$and$Family$!Comparison! of! 2008,! 2010! and! 2012! data! reveals! that! the! habits! of! Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!with!respect!to!spending!time!with!their! family!have!not!changed!much!(Figure!1.4.2.1).!!!
!Figure'1.4.2.1. Time!spent!with!family!!Concerning!spending!time!with!friends,!Greek\Cypriots!internet!users!also!seem!to!not!have!changed!their!habits!since!2008!(Figure!1.4.2.2).!!
9.2%
5.3%
58.9%
14.9%
11.8%
4.3% 3.5%
66.5%
16.7%
9.0%
0.5%
3.6%
40.6%
35.5%
19.9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased
Has your Contact with Your Friends Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internent Use? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
1.0%
6.6%
16.0%
19.8%
56.6%
0.5%
7.3%
11.3%
21.1%
59.8%
2.9%
9.6%
13.7%
17.1%
56.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Spent with Family per Week Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
36!!
!Figure'1.4.2.2. Time!spent!with!friends!!Despite!the!above,!Greek\Cypriot!users!spend!fewer!hours!per!week!with!their!families!than!non\users.! In! fact,! 56.7%!of! internet! users! spend!more! than!21!hours!with! their!families,!compared!to!65.6%!of!non\users!(Figure!1.4.2.3).!!
!Figure'1.4.2.3. Hours!spent!with!family!per!week.!!
The!picture!is!reversed!regarding!the!time!the!respondents!spend!with!their!friends.!!As!it! is!demonstrated! in!Figure!1.4.2.4,! internet!users! spend! significantly!more! time!with!friends!than!non\users.!!
3.6%
49.0%
20.8%
16.5%
10.1%
2.5%
47.4%
21.3%
17.2%
11.6%
2.0%
42.9%
24.4%
15.3% 15.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Spent with Friends per Week Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
2.9%
9.6%
13.7%
17.1%
56.7%
3.7%
7.7% 9.3%
13.6%
65.6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours Spent with Family per Week 2012 Users vs Non-Users
Users Non-Users
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
37!!
!Figure'1.4.2.4. Hours!spent!with!friends!per!week!!1.4.3. Communication$with$Other$People$!With!respect! to!communication!with!other!people,!as!Figures!1.4.3.1! to!1.4.3.11!show,!the! email! (Figure! 1.4.3.1)! remains! the! most! popular! form! of! communication! and! its!importance! seems! to! be! growing.! ! Increases! are! also! observed! in! instant! messaging!(Figure! 1.4.3.2),! chat! room! participation! (Figure! 1.4.3.3),! sending! email! attachments!(Figure!1.4.3.4),!making!phone!calls!over!the!internet!(Figure!1.4.3.5)!and!updating!one’s!status!in!the!social!media!(Figure!1.4.3.10),!which!indicates!that!online!communication!is!becoming!more!popular!among!Greek\Cypriots.!!On!the!other!hand,!working!on!one's!blog! (Figure! 1.4.3.6),! posting! photos! or! pictures! on! the! internet! (Figure! 1.4.3.7),!uploading! music! videos! (Figure! 1.4.3.8),! participation! in! discussion! boards! (Figure!1.4.3.9)!and!commenting!on!blogs!and!message!boards!(Figure!1.4.3.11)!have!remained!relatively!stable!in!terms!of!frequency!of!involvement.!!!
!Figure'1.4.3.1. EImail!use!!
2.00%
42.90%
24.40%
15.30% 15.50% 13.50%
57.90%
13.50%
9.30%
5.80%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours Spent with Friends per Week 2012 Users vs Non-Users
Users Non-Users
9.9%
3.6% 4.4%
15.4%
37.4%
29.3%
11.1%
4.7%
6.7%
16.6%
31.7%
29.2%
9.3%
2.6% 4.5%
12.9%
29.3%
41.4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Check your Email? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
38!!
!Figure'1.4.3.2. Instant!messaging!!
!Figure'1.4.3.3. Participation!in!chat!rooms!!
28.2%
6.6%
4.0%
17.1%
21.3% 22.7%
34.6%
4.8%
6.9%
13.3%
22.1%
18.2%
29.2%
7.0%
4.6%
13.6%
22.1% 23.5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Use Instant Messaging? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
74.2%
4.9% 4.1% 7.1% 6.1%
3.7%
66.8%
6.6% 4.3%
8.3% 8.1% 5.9%
55.7%
5.6% 4.5% 6.8%
12.7% 14.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Participate in Chat Rooms? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
39!!
!Figure'1.4.3.4. Sending!eImail!attachments!!
!Figure'1.4.3.5. Calls!over!the!internet!!
32.9%
9.3%
7.5%
17.7% 18.7%
13.8%
37.1%
8.4%
9.9%
17.6%
12.9% 14.1%
20.2%
7.3%
9.6%
19.6%
23.1%
20.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Send Email Attachments? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
63.6%
7.5% 5.9%
9.5% 8.1%
5.5%
58.2%
8.5% 8.1%
12.3%
8.8%
4.1%
36.2%
7.5%
14.5%
18.4% 15.9%
7.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Make/Receive Calls over the Internet? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
40!!
!Figure'1.4.3.6. Working!on!blogs!!
!Figure'1.4.3.7. Posting!photos!or!pictures!on!the!internet!!
73.9%
5.9% 4.6% 5.7% 4.6% 5.3%
71.7%
6.2% 9.0%
5.6% 4.9% 2.6%
85.2%
3.3% 2.2% 4.3%
2.7% 2.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Work on Your Blog? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
39.7%
14.7% 14.2%
17.6%
7.8% 6.0%
36.2%
15.0%
19.7%
14.3%
10.5%
4.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Post Photos or Pictures on the Internet? Internet Users
2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
41!!
!Figure'1.4.3.8. Uploading!music!videos!!
!Figure'1.4.3.9. Participation!in!discussion!boards!!
43.6%
7.3%
10.6%
15.7% 14.4%
8.5%
52.2%
8.7% 9.0%
14.2%
11.5%
4.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Upload Music Videos? Internet Users
2010 2012
59.0%
8.7% 7.1%
9.9% 10.6%
4.7%
50.2%
13.1% 11.0%
9.8% 11.6%
4.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Post Messages on Discussion Boards? Internet Users
2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
42!!
!Figure'1.4.3.10. Updating!status!!
!Figure'1.4.3.11. Commenting!on!blogs!and!message!boards!!1.4.4. Multitasking$
!Many!Greek\Cypriots!(41.6%!in!2012)!report!that!they!multitask!most!of!the!time!while!online!(Figure!1.4.4.1).!!Still,!more!than!one!in!four!users!(27.6%!in!2012)!report!never!doing!so.!!
68.1%
7.5% 5.6%
8.2% 7.3%
3.5%
51.3%
12.1%
7.5%
11.5% 12.6%
5.0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Update Your Status (e.g., what you are doing now)? Internet Users
2010 2012
61.9%
10.3%
6.4%
9.6%
6.4% 5.4%
57.1%
11.0% 9.5%
11.3%
6.5% 4.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Comment on Other People's Blogs, Message Boards, etc.? Internet Users
2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
43!!
!Figure'1.4.4.1. Multitasking!!1.5. ONLINE$ACTIVITIES$!1.5.1. Information$Related$Online$Activities$!News!is!the!most!popular!type!of!information!sought!on!the!internet!(Figure!1.5.1.1).!!A!dramatic!increase!in!the!percentage!of!users!who!look!for!news!daily!or!several!times!a!day!can!be!clearly!observed!(from!31.0%!of!all!users!in!2010!to!61.8%!in!2012).!!
!Figure'1.5.1.1. Looking!for!news!!In! Figure! 1.5.1.2,! an! increase! in! the! percentage! of! users! who! look! for! jobs! daily! or!several!times!a!day!can!also!be!observed!(from!3.8%!in!2010!to!18.0%!in!2012).!!This!is!can!be!explained!by!the!recently!increasing!unemployment!rates!due!to!the!impact!of!the!financial!crisis!in!Cyprus.!!
31.2% 30.6%
38.1%
32.6% 34.0% 33.5%
27.6%
30.9%
41.6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
no yes, sometimes yes, most of the time
Do You Multitask when You Are Online? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
24.9%
15.5%
9.1%
21.1%
23.3%
6.0%
21.7%
13.3%
9.7%
24.3%
21.3%
9.7%
6.0% 6.4% 6.9%
18.9%
39.1%
22.7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look for News on the Internet? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
44!!
!Figure'1.5.1.2. Looking!for!a!job!!Reading! blogs! (Figure! 1.5.1.3)! is! also! becoming! more! popular! as! weekly,! daily! and!several!times!a!day!exposure!to!blog!content!have!increased!since!2010!by!10.4,!9.9!and!3.5!percentage!points!respectively.!!
!Figure'1.5.1.3. Reading!blogs!!An!increase!is!also!observed!in!the!use!of!websites!with!humorous!content:!users!who!visit!websites!with! humorous! content! every!week!or!more! often!have! increased! from!23.0%!in!2010!to!34.6%!in!2012!(Figure!1.5.1.4).!!
78.0%
8.9%
4.0% 6.5%
2.0% 0.6%
73.0%
11.8%
6.9% 4.5%
2.6% 1.2%
61.5%
8.1% 5.9% 6.6% 7.2%
10.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look for a Job on the Internet? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
63.4%
10.3%
6.3%
10.3%
6.9%
2.7%
57.6%
12.3%
9.0% 10.4%
7.7%
3.0%
37.1%
7.7% 10.2%
20.8%
17.6%
6.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Read Blogs? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
45!!
!Figure'1.5.1.4. Looking!for!humorous!content!!No! notable! changes! were! observed! with! respect! to! searching! for! travel! information!(Figure!1.5.1.5).!!
!Figure'1.5.1.5. Looking!for!travel!information!!An! increase! is! also! observed! regarding! the! frequency! of! health! related! information!searches,! as!more! users! search! for! health! related! information! once! a!month! or!more!often!(Figure!1.5.1.6).!!
49.1%
15.7%
11.1%
15.7%
6.2%
1.8%
49.3%
16.4%
12.2% 11.6%
6.6%
3.8%
45.9%
9.0% 10.5%
15.7% 15.2%
3.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look for Jokes, Cartoons or Other Humorous Content on the Internet? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
29.1%
33.1%
22.9%
10.4%
3.0% 1.4%
22.9%
36.1%
21.0%
10.9%
5.6%
3.5%
21.9%
33.0%
21.6%
12.2%
5.9% 5.4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look for Travel Information on the Internet? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
46!!
!Figure'1.5.1.6. Looking!for!health!information!!As!demonstrated!in!Figure!1.5.1.7,!getting!information!about!a!product!is!another!online!activity!gaining!popularity!among!Greek\Cypriots.!!!
!Figure'1.5.1.7. Getting!information!about!a!product!!1.5.2. Online$Transactions$!Reasonably,! as! getting! information! about! a! product! becomes! more! popular,! so! does!buying!things!online!(Figure!1.5.2.1).!!!
38.8%
20.2% 19.6%
14.5%
5.3%
1.6%
25.3% 24.3% 23.7%
16.8%
5.9%
4.0%
21.5%
19.1%
25.0%
21.3%
10.4%
2.7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look for Health Information on the Internet? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
20.4%
17.4%
22.1%
23.5%
10.9%
5.6%
16.8% 16.8%
22.3%
26.3%
12.6%
5.2%
13.2%
11.7%
20.5%
24.6%
15.8%
14.1%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Get Information About a Product on the Internet? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
47!!
!Figure'1.5.2.1. Buying!online!!In!2012,!7.5%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!of! the! internet!paid!bills! online!weekly!or!more!often,!compared!to!3.6%!in!2010!(Figure!1.5.2.2).!!!
!Figure'1.5.2.2. Paying!bills!!Figure!1.5.2.3!shows!that!doing!online!banking!at!least!once!a!week!has!also!increased!in!prevalence!since!2010!(33.6%!of!users!in!2012!compared!to!19.9%!in!2010).!!
!Figure'1.5.2.3. Online!banking!!
62.8%
16.3% 14.1%
5.6%
0.4% 0.8%
53.3%
25.6%
14.5%
4.0% 1.4% 1.2%
34.7%
29.0%
22.2%
10.5%
2.5% 1.0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Buy Things Online? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
70.4%
8.9%
16.9%
3.0% 0.2% 0.6%
71.8%
7.8%
16.8%
2.1% 1.0% 0.5%
57.5%
14.6%
20.3%
6.4%
0.8% 0.3% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Pay Bills Online? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
64.4%
4.0%
12.1% 10.1%
7.3%
2.0%
62.6%
6.7%
10.7% 9.5%
8.0%
2.4%
47.5%
5.6%
13.4%
19.5%
12.4%
1.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Use Your Bank's Online Services? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
48!!
Only! a! small! percentage! of! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! buy! bonds! or! stocks! online!(Figure!1.5.2.4).!!
!Figure'1.5.2.4. Investing!online!!An!increase!is!observed!in!online!travel!bookings,!although,!as!it!would!be!expected,!the!majority! of! internet! users! (52.3%)! do!make! travel! arrangements,! but! less! frequently!than!once!a!month!(Figure!1.5.2.5).!!
!Figure'1.5.2.5. Making!travel!arrangements!!1.5.3. Security$Concerns$!Greek\Cypriot! users! report! a! growing! concern! about! online! transactions.! This! is!apparent!by!the!fact!that!the!percentage!of!users!who!do!not!feel!concerned!at!all!about!the!security!of!their!credit!cards!has!dropped!by!almost!11!points!(14.8%!in!2012!from!25.5%! in! 2010).! ! On! the! other! hand,! the! percentages! of! Greek\Cypriot! users!who! are!somewhat,! very! or! extremely! concerned! have! increased! by! about! 5,! 15! and! 7! points!respectively!(Figure!1.5.3.1).!!
95.8%
1.4% 1.0% 1.0% 0.4% 0.4%
92.9%
4.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.5% 0.5%
96.3%
2.4% 0.7% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Invest in Stocks/Funds/Bonds Online? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
55.8%
36.1%
6.5%
0.4% 0.4% 0.8%
47.1%
42.6%
6.6%
1.4% 0.9% 1.6%
35.4%
52.3%
9.0%
1.7% 0.8% 0.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Make Travel Reservations/Bookings Online? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
49!!
!Figure'1.5.3.1. Concerns!about!security!of!online!transactions'!1.5.4. Online$Entertainment$!With!respect!to!internet!use!for!entertainment,!web!browsing!(Figure!1.5.4.7)!is!by!far!the!most!popular!activity!whereas!visiting!religious!websites!(Figure!1.5.4.4),!gambling!(Figure!1.5.4.6)!and!viewing!websites!with!sexual!content!(Figure!1.5.4.8)!are!the!least!popular! (the! latter! could! be! misleading! as! some! users! may! feel! uncomfortable! to!disclose! this! information).! The! results! show! that! the! percentages! of! Greek\Cypriots!users!who!use!the!internet!for!multimedia!content,!such!as!downloading!music!(Figure!1.5.4.2)!and!videos!(Figure!1.5.4.3),!listening!to!online!radio!stations!(Figure!1.5.4.5)!and!visiting!social!networking!and!video\sharing!websites!(Figure!1.5.4.9)!is!increasing.!!On!the! other! hand,! the! percentage! of! users!who!play! video! games! online! (Figure! 1.5.4.1)!seems!to!have!decreased.!!
!Figure'1.5.4.1. Playing!games!!
26.3% 26.1%
20.0%
13.4% 14.2%
25.5%
27.6%
13.6% 12.9%
20.4%
14.8%
32.3%
28.0%
19.6%
5.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
not at all concerned somewhat concerned very concerned extremely concerned Do not have a credit card or bankcard
Concerned about Security of Credit/Bank Cards in Online Transactions? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
43.3%
9.5% 7.6%
17.5%
13.7%
8.5%
36.4%
12.2%
6.6%
14.5%
18.1%
12.2%
48.4%
6.7% 8.3% 9.1%
16.4%
11.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Play Games Online? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
50!!
!Figure'1.5.4.2. Online!music!
!
!Figure'1.5.4.3. Online!videos!!
!Figure'1.5.4.4. Religious!sites!
!
33.2%
5.6%
9.3%
16.1% 17.5%
18.3%
27.9%
7.3%
8.8%
19.0% 20.2%
16.8%
22.6%
4.9%
8.8%
19.1%
24.3%
20.4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Download or Listen to Music Online? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
44.2%
10.7% 8.7%
13.9% 14.9%
7.5%
33.7%
10.7%
7.3%
21.1%
17.8%
9.3%
27.2%
7.2% 7.9%
20.3% 22.5%
14.8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Download or Watch Videos Online? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
88.9%
5.3% 2.8% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0%
79.4%
9.7%
5.0% 3.8% 1.6% 0.5%
76.6%
10.8% 6.7%
4.2% 0.8% 0.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look at Religious or Spiritual Websites? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
51!!
!Figure'1.5.4.5. Online!radio!
!
!Figure'1.5.4.6. Betting!and!gambling!online!
!
!Figure'1.5.4.7. Surfing!the!web!
!
53.6%
9.1% 9.5% 9.7% 9.5% 8.5%
54.8%
9.2% 9.3% 10.2% 11.1%
5.4%
44.1%
9.6% 7.6%
14.4%
17.4%
6.9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Listen to a Radio Station Online? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
93.5%
2.6% 0.8% 1.8% 0.6% 0.6%
89.6%
3.6% 1.6%
3.6% 0.7% 0.9%
91.2%
4.7% 1.3% 1.5% 1.2% 0.0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Bet, Gamble or Enter Sweepstakes? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
12.5%
6.0% 7.3%
21.4%
30.7%
22.0%
13.8%
7.3% 7.6%
22.0%
25.3% 23.9%
8.1%
1.7% 2.7%
10.1%
33.3%
44.1%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Surf or Browse the Web? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
52!!
!Figure'1.5.4.8. Online!sexual!content!!
!Figure'1.5.4.9. Social!networking!sites!!1.5.5. Online$Learning$!Greek\Cypriot!users!are!becoming!more!familiar!with!using!online!resources!for!seeking!definitions! of!words! (Figure! 1.5.5.1)! and! for! fact! checking! (Figure! 1.5.5.2),!while! they!report! much! less! frequent! use! of! the! internet! for! retrieving! information! for! school!(Figure!1.5.5.3)!and!for!studying!or!training!online!(Figure!1.5.5.4).!
85.7%
5.7% 3.9% 3.3%
1.0% 0.4%
80.3%
7.5%
3.0% 3.9% 1.4% 1.1%
74.9%
8.5% 8.7% 6.1%
0.8% 1.0% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look at Websites with Sexual Content? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
34.0%
4.9% 5.5%
12.0%
21.1% 22.5%
20.6%
2.4%
4.2%
12.0%
26.3%
34.6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Visit Social Networking or Video-Sharing Websites? Internet Users
2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
53!!
!Figure'1.5.5.1. Online!learning!I!word!definitions!!
!Figure'1.5.5.2. Online!learning!–!fact!checking!!
!Figure'1.5.5.3. Online!learning!I!school!related!information!!
30.0%
13.5%
15.3%
22.3%
10.5%
8.5%
25.2%
16.4%
14.1%
22.2%
13.4%
8.8%
20.2%
10.0%
13.6%
23.9%
19.2%
13.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Use the Internet for Searching for Word Definitions? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
29.2%
16.7% 17.5%
21.4%
11.7%
3.4%
24.2%
14.9% 16.3%
26.5%
13.3%
4.7%
22.0%
8.9%
13.5%
24.9%
21.0%
9.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Use the Internet for Fact Checking? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
77.8%
0.2% 3.2%
6.7% 6.3% 5.8%
49.6%
8.7% 5.5%
13.6% 13.6%
9.0%
52.6%
6.1% 8.3%
10.4% 11.9% 10.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Use the Internet for School-related Information Retrieval? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
54!!
!Figure'1.5.5.4. Online!learning!I!distance!learning'!1.6. PERCEPTIONS$ABOUT$SOCIAL$AND$POLITICAL$LIFE$!1.6.1. Political$Efficacy$!When! asked! about! their! political! preferences,! most! respondents! (27.5%)! placed!themselves!in!the!middle!of!the!political!spectrum!on!the!"left\right"!axis!(Figure!1.6.1.1).!!A!significant!percentage!(25.2%)!does!not!accept!the!"left\right”!distinction.!!
!Figure'1.6.1.1. Political!selfIplacement!on!the!leftIright!axis!
!
A!remarkable! increase! is! found! in!perceptions!of!political! efficacy!due! to! internet!use.!The! percentage! of! those! who! disagreed! or! strongly! disagreed! with! the! idea! that! the!internet!can!increase!personal!influence!in!politics!has!dropped!from!68.9%!in!2010!to!35.6%!in!2012!!(Figure!1.6.1.2).! !At!the!same!time,!the!percentage!of!respondents!who!agreed!or!strongly!agreed!increased!from!21.9%!in!2010!to!42.7%!in!2012.!!!
92.4%
2.2% 2.4% 1.4% 0.8% 0.6%
88.3%
4.6% 1.6% 2.1% 1.9% 1.4%
93.7%
2.9% 1.4% 0.3% 0.7% 1.0% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Use the Internet for Distance Learning? Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
5.2% 5.4%
4.2% 4.0%
2.4%
16.3%
1.9%
3.6%
5.4%
4.0%
9.4%
21.5%
16.7%
3.1%
6.3%
3.5% 3.4%
2.0%
14.7%
3.1% 3.6%
5.9%
3.8%
7.1%
22.0% 21.5%
4.0%
0.6%
3.6%
6.9%
5.6%
27.5%
4.5%
6.5%
7.8%
1.6%
4.3%
1.8%
25.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 (extreme left) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (extreme right) Don't Know Do not accept political distinction
Political Self-Placement All Respondents
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
55!!
!Figure'1.6.1.2. Increase!of!personal!political!power!!Similarly,!the!percentage!of!respondents!who!doubt!(disagree!or!strongly!disagree)!that!the! use! of! the! internet! can! increase! one’s! personal! impact! on! governmental! decisions!and!actions!has!also!dropped,!from!73.6%!in!2010!to!45.5%!in!2012!(Figure!1.6.1.3).!!
!Figure'1.6.1.3. Increase!of!personal!influence!on!governmental!actions!!The!percentage!of!respondents!who!believe!that!the!internet!can!increase!public!officials’!interest! about! what! people! think! has! also! increased! (Figure! 1.6.1.4),! although! the!majority!(62.5%)!remain!skeptical!(disagree!or!strongly!disagree).!!
47.5%
9.2%
20.4%
15.7%
7.2%
62.0%
6.9% 9.1%
12.8%
9.1% 9.7%
25.9%
21.8%
34.2%
8.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
The Internet Can Increase Personal Influence on Politics Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
55.5%
9.4%
16.4% 13.8%
4.8%
66.7%
6.9%
13.2%
7.9% 5.3%
13.5%
32.0%
21.1%
28.1%
5.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
The Internet Can Increase Personal Influence on Governmental Actions Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
56!!
!Figure'1.6.1.4. Increase!of!officials’!interest!in!what!people!think!!Additionally,!compared!to!2008!and!2010,!more!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!positively!evaluate!the!internet’s!potential!contribution!in!understanding!politics!(Figure!1.6.1.5).!!!
!Figure'1.6.1.5. Better!understanding!of!politics!
!As! far! as! the! importance! of! the! internet! during! pre\election! campaigns! is! concerned!(Figure! 1.6.1.6),! the! percentage! of! respondents! who! agree! or! strongly! agree! that! the!internet!has!acquired! importance!has! increased! from!58.8%!to!71.1%!since!2008!(the!item!was!omitted!in!the!2010!questionnaire).!!However,!this!could!be!a!result!of!the!on\going!pre\election!campaign!at!the!time!of!the!survey.!!
58.3%
11.3%
17.2%
9.9%
3.3%
67.5%
8.3%
13.2%
7.5%
3.6%
25.5%
37.0%
15.1%
19.2%
3.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
The Internet Will Increase Public Officials' Interest about What People Think Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
46.1%
11.3%
18.2% 15.8%
8.7%
53.9%
7.6%
15.4% 14.3%
8.7% 8.3%
22.4%
16.4%
41.4%
11.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
The Internet Can Help in Better Understanding of Politics Internet Users
2008 2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
57!!
!Figure'1.6.1.6. Importance!of!the!internet!during!preIelection!campaigns.!!1.6.2. Social$Trust$!WIP!Cyprus! 2012! also! included! a! series! of! questions! that!were! not! used! in! 2008! and!2010.! ! These!questions! aimed! at! recording! the! levels! of! trust! of! respondents! towards!other! people.! ! Overall,! Greek\Cypriots! appear! cautious! towards! other! people.! ! As! it! is!shown!in!Figure!1.6.2.1,!the!majority!believes!that!most!people!cannot!be!trusted,!with!an! astonishing! 22.8%! placing! themselves! at! point! 0! of! the! 0\10! scale! of! trust.! ! The!proportion! of! participants! who! place! themselves! on! the!more! "trust"! grades! is!much!smaller,!while! 24.6%! is! loaded! on! the! perceived!middle! point! of! the! scale.! ! A! similar!pattern!can!be!seen!in!Figures!1.6.2.2!and!1.6.2.3!regarding!our!respondents’!beliefs!on!whether! other! people! will! try! to! take! advantage! of! them! if! they! get! the! chance! and!whether!other!people!will!try!to!help!them!if!they!need!help.!!
!Figure'1.6.2.1. Figure'Most!people!can!be!trusted!!
15.4%
9.8%
16.1%
30.1% 28.7%
5.1%
14.0%
9.7%
42.7%
28.4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
The Internet Acquired Importance During the Pre-Election Campaigns Internet Users
2008 2012
22.8%
6.8%
9.2%
10.6%
9.4%
24.6%
5.7% 5.5%
3.9%
0.6% 0.8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 (you can't be too careful)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (most people can be trusted)
Most People Can Be Trusted All Respondents 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
58!!
!Figure'1.6.2.2. Most!people!will!try!to!take!advantage!of!you!!
!Figure'1.6.2.3. Most!people!will!try!to!be!helpful!!1.7. FREEDOM$OF$EXPRESSION$AND$SURVEILLANCE$!1.7.1. Freedom$of$Expression$!The! percentage! of! Greek\Cypriot! respondents! who! said! that! they! are! comfortable! in!expressing!their!political!opinions!on!the!internet!increased!from!46.0%!in!2010!to!70.0%!in!2012!(Figure!1.7.1.1).!
20.3%
7.3%
9.4% 9.5% 9.3%
26.7%
6.9%
4.4%
2.5%
1.3%
2.6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 (most people would take
advantage of me)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (most people pepole would be
fair)
Most People Will Try to Take Advantage of You All Respondents 2012
24.9%
7.3%
11.8% 12.6%
8.8%
22.7%
4.0% 2.9% 3.3%
0.7% 0.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 (people mostly look out for themselves)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (most people pepole would try
to be helpful)
Most People Would Try to Be Helpful All Respondents 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
59!!
!Figure'1.7.1.1. Freedom!of!expression!on!political!issues'!Also,!compared!to!2010,!a!greater!proportion!of!Greek\Cypriots!feels!it!is!safe!to!freely!express!one's!political!views!on!the!internet,!although!the!majority!still!does!not!feel!so!(Figure!1.7.1.2).!!!
!Figure'1.7.1.2. Political!expression!online!
!An!overwhelming!majority!of!Greek\Cypriot!respondents!(59.9%!in!2010!and!77.2%!in!2012)! is! in! favor! of! the! freedom! to! criticize! the! government! online! (Figure! 1.7.1.3).!!Accordingly,!the!percentage!of!those!who!are!not!in!favor!of!free!online!criticism!of!the!government!dropped!from!23.4%!in!2010!to!13.4%!in!2012.!!!
28.9%
8.5%
16.6%
19.7%
26.3%
4.9%
13.2% 11.9%
36.9%
33.1%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
I Feel Comfortable Saying Whatever I Think about Politics All Respondents
2010 2012
47.2%
15.3%
18.7%
10.2% 8.6%
18.7%
34.8%
21.2%
18.0%
7.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
On the Internet, It Is Safe to Say Whatever You Think About Politics All Respondents
2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
60!!
!Figure'1.7.1.3. Criticizing!government!online!!The!majority! of! Greek\Cypriots! (52%! in! 2010! and! 59.4%! in! 2012)! is! also! in! favor! of!freedom!to!express!even!extreme!ideas!online!(Figure!1.7.1.4).!!!
!Figure'1.7.1.4. Expression!of!extreme!ideas!online!!Finally,! although! the! majority! of! the! respondents! is! in! favor! of! more! governmental!regulation!of!the!internet,!a!significant!proportion!of!the!respondents!moved!away!from!extreme!positions!on!both!sides!of!the!degree!scale!(Figure!1.7.1.5).!!!
17.8%
5.6%
16.7%
27.8%
32.1%
3.8%
9.6% 9.3%
42.5%
34.7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
People Should Be Free to Criticize Their Government on the Internet All Respondents
2010 2012
21.8%
9.2%
17.0%
23.8%
28.2%
6.2%
18.7%
15.8%
37.4%
22.0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
It Is OK to Express Even Extreme Ideas on the Internet All Respondents
2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
61!!
!Figure'1.7.1.5. Government!regulation!of!the!internet!!1.7.2. Surveillance$!Internet! users! were! also! asked!whether! they! are!worried! about! the! government! and!companies!checking!what!they!do!online.! !The!large!majority!of!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users! (62.9%)! are! not! concerned! about! having! their! online! activity!monitored! by! the!state.!Still,! the!percentage!of!those!who!stated!that!they!are!not!concerned!at!all!about!governmental!surveillance!has!dropped!to!24.9%!in!2012!from!68.0%!in!2010!(Figure!1.7.2.1).!!
!Figure'1.7.2.1. Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!the!government!
!A! similar! pattern! is! observed! regarding! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users'! concerns! about!the!private!sector!monitoring!online!activity.!!Although!the!2010!measurement!indicated!that! the!majority! of! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! are! not! concerned! about! companies!
26.5%
7.5%
14.9% 16.0%
35.1%
19.8%
17.8%
19.6%
28.1%
14.8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
The Government Should Regulate the Internet More All Respondents
2010 2012
68.0%
6.3% 8.3% 8.1%
9.4%
24.9%
38.0%
15.9% 16.2%
5.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
I Am Worried about the Government Checking What I Do Online Internet Users
2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
62!!
monitoring! their! online! activity,! the! data! from! 2010! suggest! that! there! is! a! growing!concern!among!internet!users!regarding!their!online!privacy!(Figure!1.7.2.2).!!!
!Figure'1.7.2.2. Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!companies!
!! !
59.5%
5.1%
11.1% 10.9% 13.5%
18.9%
27.0%
15.4%
27.2%
11.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
I Am Worried about Companies Checking what I Do Online Internet Users
2010 2012
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
63!!
!!!!!!PART$2. $
$$INTERNET#USE#IN#THE#GREEKGCYPRIOT(AND$TURKISHGCYPRIOT(COMMUNITIES((2012)$
!!!!!2.1. INTERNET$ACCESS$AND$USE$!2.1.1. Internet$Penetration$!No! significant!differences!between! the! two! communities! are!observed!with! respect! to!internet!use.! ! In!both! the!Greek\Cypriot!and! the!Turkish\Cypriot! communities,! around!60%! of! the! respondents! were! using! the! internet! during! 2012,! with! a! slightly! higher!percentage!observed!on!the!Greek\Cypriot!side!(Figure!2.1.1.1).!!!
!Figure'2.1.1.1. Internet!use!!2.1.2. Internet$Use$by$Access$Location$!Figure!2.1.2.1! illustrates! the!various! locations!of! internet!access.! ! In!both!communities!most!users!access!the!internet!from!their!home.!!Internet!access!at!school!is!higher!in!the!Greek\Cypriot! community,! while! a! higher! percentage! of! Turkish\Cypriots! access! the!internet!from!mobile!devices.!!
61.6%
58.2%
38.4%
41.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
Internet Use All respondents
Users Non-users
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
64!!
!!!
!Figure'2.1.2.1. Internet!access!from!various!locations!!Although! the! percentages! of! internet! users! per! location! are! very! similar! in! the! two!communities,! Greek\Cypriots! seem! to! spend! much! more! time! online! than! Turkish\Cypriot! users.! More! specifically,! Greek\Cypriot! users! spend! time! online! at! home! on!average!7!hours!per!week!more!than!Turkish\Cypriots,!about!4!hours!more!at!work!and!4!at!school.!!It!is!also!striking!that!Greek\Cypriot!users!spend!3!hours!online!more!than!Turkish\Cypriots!using!mobile!devices,!despite!the!fact!that!the!percentage!of!cell!phone!internet!users!is!higher!among!Turkish\Cypriots!(Figure!2.1.2.2.).!!
!Figure'2.1.2.2. Hours!of!internet!use!per!week!from!various!locations!!
2.1.3. Type$of$Internet$Connection$at$Home$!The!overwhelming!majority!of!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!(almost!nine!in!ten)!connect!to!the!internet!at!home!via!broadband!connections!and!only!about!one!in!ten!by!a!phone!modem.!Turkish\Cypriot!users!are!more!likely!than!Greek\Cypriots!to!connect!through!a!
95.9%
70.0% 68.6%
31.0%
38.7%
95.8%
65.5%
55.2%
28.8%
54.7%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
At Home - Base All Users At Work - Base Employed At School - Base Students Other Places - Base All Users Cellphone - Base All Users
Access to the Internet at Various Locations
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
18.24
13.12
7.88
1.65
11.66 11.24
9.54
3.52
1.46
8.86
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
At Home - Base All Users At Work - Base Employed At School - Base Students Other Places - Base All Users Cellphone - Base All Users
Hours of Internet Use at Various Locations
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
65!!
dial\up!modem!(32%),!while!the!percentage!of!those!who!have!a!broadband!connection!is!more!than!30!percentage!points!lower!than!that!of!the!Greek\Cypriots!(Figure!2.1.3.1).!!It!should!also!be!noted!that!11.6%!of!Turkish\Cypriot!internet!users!access!the!internet!from!home!via!mobile!phone.!!!
!Figure'2.1.3.1. Type!of!connection!at!home!!2.1.4. Digital$Divide$!The!existence!of!a!"digital!divide"! in!Cyprus! is!apparent!on!certain!dimensions! in!both!communities.! !With! respect! to! gender! (Figure! 2.1.4.1),! there! is! a! larger! gap! between!males! and! females! in! the! Turkish\Cypriot! community! (64.5%! vs! 50.8%! compared! to!67.5%!vs!55.7%!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community).!!!
!Figure'2.1.4.1. Internet!use!by!gender!!!Regarding!the!age!divide,!clear!differences!appear!in!both!communities!(Figures!2.1.4.2)!with!internet!use!decreasing!with!age.!
9.9%
89.7%
0.2% 0.2%
32.0%
56.0%
11.6%
0.4% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Phone modem Broadband (Always on) Mobile modem Other (open field)
Type of Internet Connection at Home Internet at Home Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
61.6%
67.7%
55.7% 58.2%
64.5%
50.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Male Female
Internet Use by Gender All respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
66!!
!
!Figure'2.1.4.2. Internet!use!by!age!!Educational! level! is! another!major! dimension! on!which! the! digital! divide! is! apparent!(Figure!2.1.4.3).!!In!both!communities,!respondents!with!a!higher!level!of!education!are!much!more!likely!to!be!internet!users.!!
!Figure'2.1.4.3. Internet!Use!by!educational!level!!Although!internet!use!in!the!two!communities!is!similar!in!most!employment!categories!(Figure!2.1.4.4),!internet!use!among!Turkish\Cypriot!housewives!and!househusbands!is!significantly!higher! (76.5%)! than!on! the!Greek\Cypriot! side! (22.6%),!while!among! the!unemployed! it! is! higher! among! Greek\Cypriots! (60%! vs! 25.7%! among! the! Turkish\Cypriot!unemployed).!!
61.60%
93.9%
85.0%
68.7%
52.7%
35.1%
17.6%
12.7%
58.2%
92.2%
75.9%
50.3% 48.3%
25.9%
9.7%
0.0% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-99
Internet Use by Age All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
61.6%
4.0%
58.0%
53.8%
91.9%
81.0%
58.2%
19.9%
47.4%
54.2%
90.4% 93.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Primary Secondary Lyceum College/University student College/University Graduate
Internet Use by Educational Level All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
67!!
!Figure'2.1.4.4. Internet!use!by!employment!status!!Internet!use!also!(positively)!correlates!with!monthly!gross!income!(Figure!2.1.4.5).!!
!Figure'2.1.4.5. Internet!use!by!income!!A! significant! difference! between! the! two! communities! is! observed! regarding! internet!use!by!area!type!(Figure!2.1.4.6).! !Although!rates!of!use!are!similar! in!urban!and!rural!areas!on!the!Greek\Cypriot!side,!there!is!a!13.8%!difference!on!the!Turkish\Cypriot!side,!with! urbanites! using! the! internet! at! a! rate! of! 64.1%! and! rural! residents! at! a! rate! of!50.3%.!!!!
61.6%
98.3%
68.5%
60.0%
22.6% 19.1%
85.7%
58.2%
97.6%
68.5%
25.7%
76.5%
22.2%
96.2%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
TOTAL Student Employed Unemployed Housewife or Househusband
Retired Other
Internet Use by Employment Status All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
61.6%
35.9%
47.4%
67.8%
79.3% 81.5%
58.20% 62.50%
41.10%
59.20%
64.50%
75.40%
63.60%
76.70% 76.90%
81.80%
75.00%
85.70%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTA
L
Up
to 1
200€
1201
-200
0€
2001
-300
0€
3001
-400
0€
Mor
e th
an 4
001€
TOTA
L
Up
to 1
000T
L
1000
-200
0TL
2000
-300
0TL
3000
-400
0TL
4000
-500
0TL
5000
-600
0TL
6000
-700
0TL
7000
-800
0TL
8000
-900
0TL
9000
-100
00TL
Mor
e th
an 1
0000
TL
GREEK CYPRIOTS TURKISH CYPRIOTS
Internet Use by Family Income (Gross per Month) All Respondents
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
68!!
!Figure'2.1.4.6. Internet!use!by!area!type!!The! picture!with! respect! to! citizenship! is! also! very! different! in! the! two! communities!(Figure!2.1.4.7).!!In!the!Greek\Cypriot!side,!internet!use!among!non\Cypriot!nationals!is!very!high!(79%),!while!in!the!Turkish\Cypriot!side!only!half!of!the!respondents!who!had!both!the!Cypriot!as!well!as!a!second!nationality!(mostly!Turkish)!were!internet!users.!!It!should!be!noted!however!that!the!categories!of!comparison!are!not!the!same!as!it!was!not!possible!to!use!the!category!"Cyprus!and!Other"!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!sample!and!the!category! "Other"! in! the! Turkish\Cypriot! sample! because! there! were! very! few! Greek\Cypriots!with!a!dual!nationality!and!very!few!non!Turkish\Cypriots!in!the!sample.!!!
!Figure'2.1.4.7. Internet!use!by!citizenship!!Finally,!a!critical!factor!affecting!internet!use!is!the!presence!in!the!household!of!children!under!the!age!of!18!with!an!apparent!positive!effect!of!children!on!internet!use!in!both!communities!(Figure!2.1.4.8).!!
61.6% 60.7% 62.1%
58.2%
64.1%
50.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
TOTAL Urban Rural
Internet Use by Area Type All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
61.6% 60.1%
78.8%
58.2% 58.7%
51.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Cypriot Other Cyprus and Other
Internet User by Citizenship All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
69!!
!Figure'2.1.4.8. Internet!use!by!children!in!the!household!!2.1.5. Internet$NonGUse$!As!shown!in!Figure!2.1.5.1,!although!the!amount!of!non\users!remains!at!around!40%!in!both!communities,!the!actual!percentage!of!respondents!who!have!never!been!internet!users!is!significantly!lower.!The!percentage!is!higher!in!the!Turkish\Cypriot!side,!as!33.8%!of! the! sample! has! never! used! the! internet! as! opposed! to! 28.0%! in! the! Greek\Cypriot!sample.!!!
!Figure'2.1.5.1. Internet!Users,!ExIUsers!and!NeverIUsers!!Lack!of!knowledge!and! interest,! remain! the!main!reasons! for!not!using! the! internet! in!both! communities! (Figure! 2.1.5.2).! Nevertheless,! while! 17.4%! the! Greek\Cypriots!mention!lack!of!time!as!the!reason!for!not!using!the!internet,!the!corresponding!figure!for! Turkish\Cypriots! is! only! 5.9%.! ! On! the! other! hand,! 17.8%! of! the! Turkish\Cypriot!sample!mentioned!the!high!cost!of!internet!connection!as!the!reason!for!non\use,!while!only!2%!of!the!Greek\Cypriots!said!so.!!
61.6%
72.1%
55.7% 58.2%
68.5%
52.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Yes No
Internet Use by Children Under 18 in Household All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
61.6%
58.2%
10.5% 8.0%
28.0%
33.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
Internet Users, Ex-Users and Never-Users All Respondents
Users Ex-Users Never-Users
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
70!!
!Figure'2.1.5.2. Reasons!for!not!using!the!internet!!Turkish\Cypriots!seem!to!remain!more!reluctant!than!Greek\Cypriots!to!use!the!internet,!as!63.6%!of!non\users!say!that!it! is!not!likely!at!all!to!use!the!internet!in!the!next!year!(Figure! 2.1.5.3).!On! the! other! hand,! 17%!of!Greek\Cypriot! non\users! declare! that! it! is!very!likely!to!start!using!the!internet!in!the!future!(as!opposed!to!only!6.3%!of!Turkish\Cypriots).!!!!
!Figure'2.1.5.3. Likelihood!of!using!the!internet!within!next!year!!2.2. SOURCES$OF$INFORMATION$AND$ENTERTAINMENT$!2.2.1. The$Internet$!No! significant! differences! were! found! between! the! two! communities! regarding! the!importance! of! the! internet! as! a! source! of! information.! An! overwhelming! majority! of!internet!users!in!both!communities!consider!that!the!internet!is!an!important!source!of!information!(Figure!2.2.1.1).!!
25.8%
46.1%
17.4%
5.2%
2.3% 3.1%
27.7%
45.8%
5.9%
2.6%
17.8%
0.2% 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
No interest / not useful Don't know how to use it No time / too busy No computer / internet connection
Too expensive / cannot afford it
Other
Reasons for Not Using the Internet Non-users (ex-users & never-users)
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
52.0%
31.0%
17.0%
63.6%
30.2%
6.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
not likely might use it very likely
Likelihood of Using the Internet within Next Year Non-users (ex-users & never-users)
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
71!!
!Figure'2.2.1.1. Importance!of!the!internet!for!information'!Compared! to! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users,! Turkish\Cypriots! tend! to! be! slightly! more!trustful!of!the!reliability!of!online!information!(Figure!2.2.1.2).!!
!Figure'2.2.1.2. Internet!reliability!!Most! Greek\Cypriot! users! (72.8%)! and! an! even! higher! percentage! of! Turkish\Cypriot!users! (80.5%)! stated! that! the! internet! is! an! important! or! very! important! source! of!entertainment!(Figure!2.2.1.3)!!
0.7%
3.3%
9.1%
47.6%
39.3%
0.5% 1.5%
10.6%
40.2%
47.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Information is the Internet? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
2.5%
13.3%
55.6%
23.9%
4.8% 2.8%
12.4%
49.1%
28.7%
7.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
None A small part About half Most of it All of it
How Much of the Information on the Internet is Reliable? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
72!!
!Figure'2.2.1.3. Importance!of!the!internet!for!entertainment!!2.2.2. Television$!Most!internet!users!in!both!communities!report!that!television!is!an!important!or!very!important! source! of! information.! ! Turkish\Cypriot! users! seem! to! attribute! more!importance!on!the!informational!role!of!television,!as!78.5%!consider!that!television!is!an!important!or!very!important!source!of!information!(Figure!2.2.2.1).!!Similar!findings!resulted!among!Greek\Cypriot!users!although! the!corresponding!percentage! is! slightly!lower!(69.0%).!!
!Figure'2.2.2.1. Importance!of!television!for!information!!As!shown!in!Figure!2.2.2.2,!both!Greek\Cypriot!and!Turkish\Cypriot!internet!users!think!that! television! is!also!an! important!or!very! important!source!of!entertainment!(70.8%!and!80.9%!respectively).!
5.5% 7.5%
14.1%
28.6%
44.2%
1.9%
6.0%
11.5%
37.8%
42.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Entertainment is the Internet? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
4.9%
9.1%
17.0%
47.6%
21.4%
1.0%
5.6%
14.9%
50.6%
27.9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Information is the Television? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
73!!
!Figure'2.2.2.2. Importance!of!television!for!entertainment!!2.2.3. Newspapers$!Regarding! newspapers! and! their! perceived! importance! as! an! information! source,!Turkish\Cypriot! internet!users! value!newspapers!more! than!Greek\Cypriots,! as!81.1%!report!that!newspapers!are!an!important!or!very!important!source!of!information,!while!the!corresponding!figure!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!sample!is!63.5%!(Figure!2.2.3.1).!!
!Figure'2.2.3.1. Importance!of!newspapers!for!information!!A!very!different!image!resulted!with!respect!to!perceptions!of!newspapers!as!a!source!of!entertainment.!For!more!than!half!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!(55.3%)!newspapers!are!not! important!or!not! important!at!all! as!a! source!of!entertainment,!while! for!Turkish\Cypriot! internet! users! the! corresponding! figure! is! only! 21.4%,!with! 50.3%! indicating!that! newspapers! are! an! important! or! very! important! entertainment! source! (Figure!2.2.3.2).!!!
4.1%
7.5%
17.6%
38.7%
32.1%
1.7% 3.9%
13.5%
48.6%
32.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Entertainment is the Tevevision? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
7.5%
12.4%
16.6%
38.9%
24.6%
1.0%
3.6%
14.4%
49.6%
31.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Information are the Newspapers? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
74!!
!Figure'2.2.3.2. Importance!of!newspapers!for!entertainment!!2.2.4. Radio$!The!pattern!is!similar!concerning!the!importance!of!the!radio!as!a!source!of!information.!!Most!Turkish\Cypriot! internet!users! (61.0%)!believe! that! the! radio! is! an! important!or!very!important!source!of!information.!!A!similar,!although!lower,!percentage!(54.5%)!of!Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! consider! the! radio! as! an! important! or! very! important!source!of!information!(Figure!2.2.4.1).!!!
!Figure'2.2.4.1. Importance!of!radio!for!information!!Both! Greek\Cypriot! and! Turkish\Cypriot! internet! users! consider! the! radio! as! an!important! or! very! important! source! of! entertainment:! 60.4%! of! the! Greek\Cypriot!respondents!and!53.3%!of!the!Turkish\Cypriot!respondents!(Figure!2.2.4.2).!!
28.6%
26.7%
22.7%
17.7%
4.3% 3.6%
17.8%
28.3%
34.3%
16.0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Entertainment are the Newspapers? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
9.0%
14.7%
21.9%
38.5%
16.0%
3.8%
11.1%
24.1%
43.3%
17.7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Information is the Radio? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
75!!
!Figure'2.2.4.2. Importance!of!radio!for!entertainment!!2.2.5. Interpersonal$sources$!Interpersonal!relationships!appear! to!be! the!most! important!source!of! information! for!77.0%!of!the!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!and!72.5%!of!Turkish\Cypriot!internet!users!(Figure!2.2.5.1).!!
!Figure'2.2.5.1. Importance!of!interpersonal!sources!for!information!!2.3. TRADITIONAL$MEDIA$USE$!2.3.1. Television$!No!significant!differences!between!the!two!communities!were!identified!regarding!their!television!viewing!habits!(Figure!2.3.1.1).!!
7.7%
14.8%
17.2%
39.7%
20.7%
5.8%
14.4%
26.5%
38.9%
14.4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Entertainment is the Radio? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
2.8%
5.7%
14.4%
39.8%
37.2%
1.2% 3.1%
23.3%
46.6%
25.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important
How Important as a Source of Information are Interpersonal Relationships? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
76!!
!Figure'2.3.1.1. Hours!of!TV!viewing!!2.3.2. Radio$!The!majority!of!internet!users!in!Cyprus!listen!to!the!radio!for!up!to!7!hours!per!week!(47.9%!of!Greek\Cypriots!and!74.3%!of!Turkish\Cypriots).! ! In!general,!the!radio!seems!to!be!more!popular!among!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users,!as!only!7.1%!said!that!they!do!not! listen!to! the!radio!at!all,!while!Turkish\Cypriot!non\listeners!among! internet!users!reach! 20.1%! (Figure! 2.3.2.1).! ! In! addition,! Greek\Cypriots! are! more! likely! to! report!significantly!more!hours!of!listening!to!the!radio.!!
!Figure'2.3.2.1. Hours!of!radio!listening!!2.3.3. Newspapers$!Figure!2.3.3.1!shows!that! the!majority!of! internet!users!spend!up!to!7!hours!per!week!reading!newspapers!(57.1%!of!Greek\Cypriots!and!83.7%!of!Turkish\Cypriots)!while!a!
3.0%
32.3%
28.9%
19.8%
16.0%
3.1%
31.4% 31.9%
22.2%
11.4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Watching TV per Week Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
7.1%
47.9%
16.8%
10.7%
17.5% 20.1%
74.3%
4.9%
0.0% 0.7% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Radio Listening Per Week Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
77!!
significant!minority!does!not!read!at!all!(32.1%!of!Greek\Cypriots!and!13.7%!of!Turkish\Cypriots).!!
!Figure'2.3.3.1. Hours!of!newspaper!reading!!2.3.4. Comparison$of$Internet$Users$and$NonGUsers$!Internet! users! tend! to! watch! television! fewer! hours! weekly! than! non\users.! ! The!differences! are! apparent! in! both! communities,! as! heavy! television! viewing! is! more!common!among!non\users!of!the!internet!(29.3%!of!Greek\Cypriot!non\users!and!25.2%!or!Turkish\Cypriot!non\users),!while!only!16.0%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!and!11.0%!for!Turkish\Cypriots! users! watch! television! for! more! than! 21! hours! per! week! (Figure!2.3.4.1).!!
!Figure'2.3.4.1. Hours!of!TV!viewing!(users!and!nonIusers!of!the!internet)!!Although! internet! users! are! normally! expected! to! spend! less! time! than! non\users! on!other! media,! our! data! reveal! the! opposite! image! regarding! Cypriots’! radio! listening!habits.! It! is! remarkable! that! in! both! communities! internet! users! spend! more! time!
32.1%
57.1%
7.7%
1.8% 1.3%
13.7%
83.7%
2.2% 0.2% 0.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Reading Newspapers per Week Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
3.0%
32.3%
28.9%
19.8%
16.0%
1.8%
22.8%
27.7%
18.3%
29.3%
3.1%
31.4% 31.9%
22.2%
11.4%
1.9%
30.6%
22.1%
20.2%
25.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Watching TV per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users
Greek-Cypriot Users Greek-Cypriot Non-Users Turkish-Cypriot Users Turkish-Cypriot Non-Users
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
78!!
listening! to! radio! than! non\users,! while! in! both! communities! the! percentage! of! non\users!who!do!not!listen!to!the!radio!at!all!is!significantly!higher!than!the!percentage!of!users!who!do!not!listen!to!the!radio!at!all!(Figure!2.3.4.2).!!
!Figure'2.3.4.2. Hours!of!radio!listening!(users!and!nonIusers!of!the!internet)!!Newspaper!reading!seems!to!be!practically!unaffected!by!internet!use,!as!both!users!and!non\users!share!almost!the!same!reading!(or!non\reading)!habits,!while!the!differences!across! the! two! communities! persist! regardless! of! internet! use! or! non\use! (Figure!2.3.4.3).!!
!Figure'2.3.4.3. Hours!of!newspaper!reading!(users!and!nonIusers!of!the!internet)!!Cypriots!who!do!not!use!the!internet!spend!more!time!watching!television,!while!this!is!not!the!case!for!radio!and!newspapers!as!internet!users’!habits!are!very!similar!to!those!of!non\users,!in!both!communities!(Figure!2.3.4.4).!!
7.1%
47.9%
16.8%
10.7%
17.5%
24.5%
35.6%
10.8% 10.8%
18.2% 20.1%
74.3%
4.9%
0.0% 0.7%
42.8%
53.1%
4.1%
0.0% 0.0% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Radio Listening per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users
Greek-Cypriot Users Greek-Cypriot Non-Users Turkish-Cypriot Users Turkish-Cypriot Non-Users
32.1%
57.1%
7.7%
1.8% 1.3%
33.1%
58.3%
4.9% 2.1% 1.6%
13.7%
83.7%
2.2% 0.2% 0.2%
17.1%
78.1%
4.5%
0.2% 0.0% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours of Reading Newspapers per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users
Greek-Cypriot Users Greek-Cypriot Non-Users Turkish-Cypriot Users Turkish-Cypriot Non-Users
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
79!!
!Figure'2.3.4.4. Hours!of!use!of!traditional!media!!!2.4. SOCIAL$RELATIONSHIPS$AND$COMMUNICATION$!2.4.1. Social$Relationships$!Concerning!perceptions!of!positive!or!negative!effects!of! internet!use!on! relationships!with!people!with! similar!hobbies,!62.1%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users! feel! that! their! contact!with!people!with!similar!interests!has!remained!the!same!since!being!connected!to!the!internet!and!25.7%!believes!that!it!has!increased.!!The!corresponding!rates!for!Turkish\Cypriots!are!38.5%!and!47.7%!respectively!(Figure!2.4.1.1).!!
!Figure'2.4.1.1. Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!hobbies!!Regarding!contact!with!people!with!similar!political!views,!an!overwhelming!majority!in!both! communities! (74.2%! of! Greek\Cypriots! and! 64.7%! of! Turkish\Cypriots)! believe!that! their! contact!with! people!who! share! their! political! views!has! remained! the! same!
14.06 13.87
3.21
19.36
13.32
3.10
12.81
2.66 2.25
17.86
2.01 2.59
0
5
10
15
20
25
Watching TV Radio Listening Reading Newspapers
Hours of Traditional Media Use per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users
Greek-Cypriot Users Greek-Cypriot Non-Users Turkish-Cypriot Users Turkish-Cypriot Non-Users
1.1%
6.5%
62.1%
25.7%
4.6% 1.9%
4.8%
38.5%
47.7%
7.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased
Has your Contact with People who Share your Hobbies/Recreational Activities Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use?
Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
80!!
(Figure! 2.4.1.2).! ! Still,! the! percentage! of! Turkish\Cypriot! users!who! think! that! contact!with! people! who! share! their! political! views! has! increased! is! 24.4%,! almost! ten!percentage!points!higher!than!the!corresponding!figure!for!Greek\Cypriots!(15.1%).!!
!Figure'2.4.1.2. Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!political!views!!Figure!2.4.1.3!shows!that!most!Cypriots!do!not!think!that!the!internet!has!had!an!impact!on!their!contact!with!people!with!similar!religious!beliefs!(84.4%!of!Greek\Cypriots!and!77.9%!of!Turkish\Cypriots).!!
!Figure'2.4.1.3. Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!religious!beliefs!!Greek\Cypriot!users!tend!to!believe!that!the!internet!had!a!somewhat!positive!impact!on!their! professional! contacts:! 52.5%! of! Greek\Cypriot! users! feel! that! their! internet!activities! helped! them! improve! their! professional! relations,! as! opposed! 12.5%! of!Turkish\Cypriot!users.!!The!majority!of!Turkish\Cypriots!(77.9%)!and!slightly!less!than!half!of!Greek\Cypriots!feel!that!the!internet!has!not!affected!their!professional!contacts!(Figure!2.4.1.4).!
2.9% 5.7%
74.2%
15.1%
2.2% 3.3% 4.6%
64.7%
24.4%
3.0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased
Has your Contact with People who Share your Political Views Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use?
Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
4.1% 3.2%
84.4%
7.5%
0.9%
5.2% 4.5%
77.9%
9.8%
2.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased
Has your Contact with People who Share your Religious Beliefs Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use?
Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
81!!
!
!Figure'2.4.1.4. Contact!with!colleagues!!Most! Cypriots! (59.6%! of! Greek\Cypriots! and! 46.7%! of! Turkish\Cypriots)! feel! that!contact!with!family!members!has!not!undergone!significant!changes!because!of!internet!use.! ! Still,! 10.1%! of! Greek\Cypriots! and! 9.2%! of! Turkish\Cypriots! feel! that! it! has!decreased! and! 30.1%! of! Greek\Cypriots! and! 44.0%! of! Turkish\Cypriots! that! it! has!increased!(Figure!2.4.1.5).!!
!Figure'2.4.1.5. Contact!with!family!!
In!both!communities,! the! internet! is!perceived!to!have!a!positive! impact!on!socializing!with! friends:!55.4%!of!Greek\Cypriots!and!76.2%!of!Turkish\Cypriots! feel! that!contact!with!their!friends!increased!since!connecting!to!the!internet!(Figure!2.4.1.6).!!
0.5% 1.9%
45.0%
32.7%
19.8%
5.2% 4.5%
77.9%
9.8%
2.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased
Has your Contact with People in Your Profession Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
1.6%
8.5%
59.8%
20.9%
9.2%
2.2%
7.0%
46.7%
34.9%
9.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased
Has your Contact with Your Family Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
82!!
!Figure'2.4.1.6. Contact!with!friends!!2.4.2. Time$Spent$with$Friends$and$Family$!Comparison! between! the! two! communities! reveals! that! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users!devote! remarkably! more! time! to! family! and! friends! than! Turkish\Cypriots.! More!specifically! the! percentage! of! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! who! spend! more! than! 14!hours! per! week! with! their! families! was! 73.8%! with! the! respective! percentage! of!Turkish\Cypriots!being!40.6%!(Figure!2.4.2.1).!!
!Figure'2.4.2.1. Time!spent!with!family!!A!similar!picture! is! found!concerning!the!time! internet!users!spend!with!their! friends:!Turkish\Cypriot! internet!users! socialize! less!with! friends! compared! to!Greek\Cypriots,!as! the!majority! of! Turkish\Cypriot! internet! users! (53.8%)! spend! 7! hours! or! less!with!their!friends!every!week.!On!the!other!hand,!Greek\Cypriot!users!who!spend!more!than!21!hours!per!week!are!about!10!percentage!points!more!that!Turkish\Cypriots!(Figure!2.4.2.2).!
0.5%
3.6%
40.6%
35.5%
19.9%
1.2% 2.7%
19.9%
58.6%
17.6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased
Has your Contact with Your Friends Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
2.9%
9.6%
13.7%
17.1%
56.7%
2.4%
35.3%
21.7% 21.7%
18.9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours Spent with Family per Week Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
83!!
!
!Figure'2.4.2.2. Time!spent!with!friends!!Comparing! internet!users!and!non\users! in!both!communities,! it! is!apparent! that!non\users!spend!more!time!with!their!families!than!users.!!More!specifically,!65.6%!of!Greek\Cypriot!non\users!state!that!they!spend!21!hours!or!more!with!their!families!as!opposed!to!56.7%!of!internet!users.!The!respective!percentages!for!Turkish\Cypriots!were!30.8%!and!18.9%!(Figure!2.4.2.3).!!
!Figure'2.4.2.3. Hour!spent!with!family!per!week.!!
Figure!2.4.2.4!presents!a!comparison!of!users!and!non\users!in!both!communities!with!respect!to!time!spent!with!friends.!!As!noted!in!the!first!part!or!the!report,!Greek!Cypriot!users!report!spending!more!time!with!their!friends!than!non\users.!!This!is!not!the!case!with!Turkish\Cypriot!users.!!In!fact,!internet!use!in!the!Turkish\Cypriot!community!does!not!seem!to!affect!the!time!Turkish\Cypriots!spend!with!their!friends.!!
2.0%
42.9%
24.4%
15.3% 15.5%
1.9%
53.8%
23.2%
14.7%
6.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours Spent with Friends per Week Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
2.9%
9.6%
13.7%
17.1%
56.7%
3.7%
7.7% 9.3%
13.6%
65.6%
2.4%
35.3%
21.7% 21.7% 18.9%
2.4%
30.3%
19.0% 17.5%
30.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours Spent with Family per Week 2012 Users vs Non-Users
Greek-Cypriot Users Greek-Cypriot Non-Users Turkish-Cypriot Users Turkish-Cypriot Non-Users
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
84!!
!Figure'2.4.2.4. Hours!spent!with!friends!per!week!!2.4.3. Communication$with$Other$People$!Greek\Cypriots!use!email!and!send!email!attachments!more!often!than!Turkish\Cypriots,!who!seem!to!be!significantly!more!active!in!blogging,!posting!pictures!and!videos!online!and!participating!in!discussion!boards.!!Turkish\Cypriots!also!use!instant!messaging!and!update!their!status!in!social!media!more!often!than!Greek\Cypriots,!while!no!important!differences!between!the!two!communities!are!observed!regarding!participation!in!chat!rooms!and!internet!phone!calls!(Figures!2.4.3.1!to!2.4.3.11).!!!
!Figure'2.4.3.1. EImail!use!!
2.00%
42.90%
24.40%
15.30% 15.50% 13.50%
57.90%
13.50%
9.30%
5.80%
1.9%
53.8%
23.2%
14.7%
6.3% 5.0%
58.3%
22.1%
9.0%
5.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours
Hours Spent with Friends per Week 2012 Users vs Non-Users
Greek-Cypriot Users Greek-Cypriot Non-Users Turkish-Cypriot Users Turkish-Cypriot Non-Users
9.3%
2.6% 4.5%
12.9%
29.3%
41.4%
14.5%
8.4% 8.5%
16.4%
30.7%
21.5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Check your Email? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
85!!
!Figure'2.4.3.2. Instant messaging
!
!Figure'2.4.3.3. Participation!in!chat!rooms!!
29.2%
7.0%
4.6%
13.6%
22.1% 23.5%
12.5%
5.0% 4.3%
14.0%
25.0%
39.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Use Instant Messaging? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
55.7%
5.6% 4.5%
6.8%
12.7% 14.7%
53.4%
4.5% 6.4%
10.3% 11.2%
14.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Participate in Chat Rooms? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
86!!
!Figure'2.4.3.4. Sending!eImail!attachments!!
!Figure'2.4.3.5. Calls!over!the!internet!!
20.2%
7.3%
9.6%
19.6%
23.1%
20.2%
29.3%
10.1%
11.5%
16.0%
20.4%
12.7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Send Email Attachments? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
36.2%
7.5%
14.5%
18.4%
15.9%
7.5%
44.7%
7.7%
11.3%
15.3%
8.9%
12.0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Make/Receive Calls over the Internet? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
87!!
!Figure'2.4.3.6. Working!on!blogs!!
!Figure'2.4.3.7. Posting!photos!or!pictures!on!the!internet!!
85.2%
3.3% 2.2% 4.3%
2.7% 2.3%
47.2%
4.7% 3.8%
13.1%
18.0%
13.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Work on Your Blog? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
36.2%
15.0%
19.7%
14.3%
10.5%
4.3%
12.5% 11.1%
18.5%
28.1%
12.7%
17.0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Post Photos or Pictures on the Internet? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
88!!
!Figure'2.4.3.8. Uploading!music!videos!!
!Figure'2.4.3.9. Participation!in!discussion!boards!!
52.2%
8.7% 9.0%
14.2%
11.5%
4.5%
22.5%
9.8%
13.1%
24.9%
13.1%
16.6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Upload Music Videos? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
50.2%
13.1% 11.0%
9.8% 11.6%
4.3%
39.6%
8.5% 10.2%
14.5% 15.7%
11.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Post Messages on Discussion Boards? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
89!!
!Figure'2.4.3.10. Updating!status!!
!Figure'2.4.3.11. Commenting!on!blogs!and!message!boards!!2.4.4. Multitasking$
!Many! Greek\Cypriot! (41.6%)! and! Turkish\Cypriot! users! (40.1%)! report! that! they!multitask! most! of! the! time! while! online! (Figure! 2.4.4.1).! Turkish\Cypriots! seem! to!multitask! more! when! they! are! online,! as! only! 17.9%! said! that! they! never! multitask,!compared!to!27.6%!of!Greek\Cypriots.!!
51.3%
12.1%
7.5%
11.5% 12.6%
5.0%
36.0%
10.3%
7.2%
17.8% 15.6%
13.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Update Your Status (e.g., what you are doing now)? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
57.1%
11.0% 9.5%
11.3%
6.5% 4.7%
30.1%
10.0% 9.1%
18.1% 17.9%
14.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Comment on Other People's Blogs, Message Boards, etc.? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
90!!
!Figure'2.4.4.1. Multitasking!!2.5. ONLINE$ACTIVITIES$!2.5.1. Information$Related$Online$Activities$!As!shown!in!Figure!2.5.1.1,!Greek\Cypriots!use!the!internet!on!a!daily!basis!in!order!to!gather! news! information! at! a! higher! rate! compared! to! Turkish\Cypriots! (61.8%! of!Greek\Cypriots!said!that!they!use!the!internet!at!least!once!a!day!for!news!information,!compared!to!31.0%!of!Turkish\Cypriots).!!
!Figure'2.5.1.1. Looking!for!news!!Even! though! searching! for! a! job! is! not! a! very! common! activity,! it! seems! that! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! are! more! familiar! with! seeking! employment! online! (Figure!2.5.1.2).!!
27.6%
30.9%
41.6%
17.9%
42.0%
40.1%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
no yes, sometimes yes, most of the time
Do You Multitask when You Are Online? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
6.0% 6.4% 6.9%
18.9%
39.1%
22.7% 21.7%
13.3%
9.7%
24.3%
21.3%
9.7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look for News on the Internet? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
91!!
!Figure'2.5.1.2. Looking!for!a!job!!Reading! other! people’s! blogs! is! more! popular! among! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users:!Greek\Cypriots!read!blogs!at!least!one!a!week!at!a!rate!of!44.9%,!compared!to!Turkish\Cypriots!who!report!doing!so!at!a!rate!of!21.1%!(Figure!2.5.1.3).!!
!Figure'2.5.1.3. Reading!blogs!!A! slight! difference! is! also! observed! in! the! use! of! websites! with! humorous! content:!although!almost!half!of!the!users!in!both!communities!never!use!the!internet!to!search!for!humorous!content,!34.6%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!do!that!at!least!once!a!week,!while!the!corresponding!percentage!of!Turkish\Cypriots!is!only!22.0%!(Figure!2.5.1.4).!!
61.5%
8.1% 5.9% 6.6% 7.2%
10.8%
73.0%
11.8%
6.9% 4.5%
2.6% 1.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look for a Job on the Internet? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
37.1%
7.7% 10.2%
20.8%
17.6%
6.5%
57.6%
12.3%
9.0% 10.4%
7.7%
3.0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Read Blogs? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
92!!
!Figure'2.5.1.4. Looking!for!humorous!content!!No!apparent!differences!were!noted!between!the!two!communities,!regarding!the!search!for!travel!information!(Figure!2.5.1.5).!!
!Figure'2.5.1.5. Looking!for!travel!information!!Greek\Cypriots!seem!to!use!the!internet!for!health!information!slightly!more!frequently!that!Turkish\Cypriot!users!(Figure!2.5.1.6).!!
45.9%
9.0% 10.5%
15.7% 15.2%
3.7%
49.3%
16.4%
12.2% 11.6%
6.6%
3.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look for Jokes, Cartoons or Other Humorous Content on the Internet? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
21.9%
33.0%
21.6%
12.2%
5.9% 5.4%
22.9%
36.1%
21.0%
10.9%
5.6%
3.5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look for Travel Information on the Internet? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
93!!
!Figure'2.5.1.6. Looking!for!health!information!!Figure! 2.5.1.7! shows! that! Turkish\Cypriot! users! look! for! consumer! information! less!frequently!than!Greek\Cypriots.!!!
!Figure'2.5.1.7. Getting!information!about!a!product!!2.5.2. Online$Transactions$!Greek\Cypriots! report! buying! things! online!more! often! than! Turkish\Cypriots! (Figure!2.5.2.1).!!!It!is!noted!that!only!34.7%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!report!never!buying!things!online,!compared!to!53.3%!of!Turkish\Cypriot!users.!!!!
21.5%
19.1%
25.0%
21.3%
10.4%
2.7%
25.3% 24.3%
23.7%
16.8%
5.9%
4.0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look for Health Information on the Internet? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
13.2%
11.7%
20.5%
24.6%
15.8%
14.1%
16.8% 16.8%
22.3%
26.3%
12.6%
5.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Get Information About a Product on the Internet? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
94!!
!Figure'2.5.2.1. Buying!online!!Turkish\Cypriots! use! the! internet! less! frequently! than! Greek\Cypriots! for! online!transactions,! such! as! paying! bills! (Figure! 2.5.2.2),! and! for! internet! banking! services!(Figure!2.5.2.3),!while!in!both!communities!online!investment!transactions!are!not!very!popular!(Figure!2.5.2.4).!!!
!Figure'2.5.2.2. Paying!bills!!
!
34.7%
29.0%
22.2%
10.5%
2.5% 1.0%
53.3%
25.6%
14.5%
4.0%
1.4% 1.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Buy Things Online? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
57.5%
14.6%
20.3%
6.4%
0.8% 0.3%
71.8%
7.8%
16.8%
2.1% 1.0% 0.5% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Pay Bills Online? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
47.5%
5.6%
13.4%
19.5%
12.4%
1.7%
62.6%
6.7%
10.7% 9.5%
8.0%
2.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Use Your Bank's Online Services? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
95!!
Figure'2.5.2.3. Online!banking!!
!Figure'2.5.2.4. Investing!online!!Online!travel!bookings!are!more!common;!the!majority!of!internet!users!have!used!the!internet! to! arrange! some! travel! reservation,! although! most! users! make! travel!reservations! less! frequently! than! once! a! month.! ! Greek\Cypriots! make! online! travel!arrangements!slightly!more!often!(Figure!2.5.2.5).!!
!Figure'2.5.2.5. Making!travel!arrangements!!2.5.3. Security$Concerns$!Overall,! Greek\Cypriots! are! more! skeptical! than! Turkish\Cypriots! about! the! safety! of!their! online! transactions.! ! While! 47.6%! of! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! are! very! or!extremely! concerned! about! the! online! security! of! their! credit! card! information,! the!respective! percentage! of! Turkish\Cypriots! is! only! 24.1%.! ! At! the! same! time,! the!percentage!of!Turkish\Cypriots!who!seem!to!feel!no!concern!at!all!about!the!security!of!their!online!transactions!is!higher!than!the!corresponding!percentage!of!Greek\Cypriots!by!6.2!points!(Figure!2.5.3.1).!!
96.3%
2.4% 0.7% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2%
92.9%
4.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.5% 0.5%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Invest in Stocks/Funds/Bonds Online? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
35.4%
52.3%
9.0%
1.7% 0.8% 0.8%
47.1%
42.6%
6.6%
1.4% 0.9% 1.6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Make Travel Reservations/Bookings Online? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
96!!
!Figure'2.5.3.1. Concerns!about!security!of!online!transactions'!2.5.4. Online$Entertainment$!Turkish\Cypriot! users! use! the! internet! for! playing! games! (Figure! 2.5.4.1)! more! often!than! do! Greek\Cypriots,! who! use! it! more! frequently! for! downloading! music! (Figure!2.5.4.2)!and!videos!(Figure!2.5.4.3).!!Browsing!(Figure!2.5.4.7)!is!by!far!the!most!popular!activity! in! both! communities,! whereas! visiting! religious! websites! (Figure! 2.5.4.4),!betting!(Figure!2.5.4.6)!and!looking!for!sexual!content!(Figure!2.5.4.8)!remain!relatively!infrequent!(again,!the!latter!could!be!misleading!as!some!users!may!feel!uncomfortable!to!disclose!this!information).! !Social!networking!activities!(Figure!2.5.4.9)!and!listening!to! online! stations! (Figure! 2.5.4.5)! are! also! more! popular! among! the! Greek\Cypriot!community.!!
!Figure'2.5.4.1. Playing!games!!
14.8%
32.3%
28.0%
19.6%
5.3%
21.0%
32.9%
15.6%
8.5%
22.1%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
not at all concerned somewhat concerned very concerned extremely concerned Do not have a credit card or bankcard
Concerned about Security of Credit/Bank Cards in Online Transactions? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
48.4%
6.7% 8.3% 9.1%
16.4%
11.1%
36.4%
12.2%
6.6%
14.5%
18.1%
12.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Play Games Online? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
97!!
!Figure'2.5.4.2. Online!music!
!
!Figure'2.5.4.3. Online!videos!!
!Figure'2.5.4.4. Religious!sites!
!
22.6%
4.9%
8.8%
19.1%
24.3%
20.4%
27.9%
7.3%
8.8%
19.0%
20.2%
16.8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Download or Listen to Music Online? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
27.2%
7.2% 7.9%
20.3%
22.5%
14.8%
33.7%
10.7%
7.3%
21.1%
17.8%
9.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Download or Watch Videos Online? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
76.6%
10.8%
6.7% 4.2%
0.8% 0.8%
79.4%
9.7%
5.0% 3.8% 1.6% 0.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look at Religious or Spiritual Websites? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
98!!
!Figure'2.5.4.5. Online!radio!!
!Figure'2.5.4.6. Betting!and!gambling!online!!
!Figure'2.5.4.7. Surfing!the!web!!
44.1%
9.6% 7.6%
14.4%
17.4%
6.9%
54.8%
9.2% 9.3% 10.2% 11.1%
5.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Listen to a Radio Station Online? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
91.2%
4.7% 1.3% 1.5% 1.2% 0.0%
89.6%
3.6% 1.6%
3.6% 0.7% 0.9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Bet, Gamble or Enter Sweepstakes? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
8.1%
1.7% 2.7%
10.1%
33.3%
44.1%
13.8%
7.3% 7.6%
22.0%
25.3% 23.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Surf or Browse the Web? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
99!!
!Figure'2.5.4.8. Online!sexual!content!!
!Figure'2.5.4.9. Social!networking!sites!!2.5.5. Online$Learning$!Although! the! two! communities! are! about! equally! involved! in! using! the! internet! to!retrieve! school\related! information! (Figure! 2.5.5.3),! Greek\Cypriots! tend! to! use! the!internet!more!than!Turkish\Cypriots!to!look!up!word!definitions!(Figure!2.5.5.1)!and!for!fact! checking! (Figure! 2.5.5.2).! ! The! involvement! of! both! communities! in! distance!learning!activities!remains!infrequent!(Figure!2.5.5.4).!!
!
74.9%
8.5% 8.7% 6.1%
0.8% 1.0%
80.3%
7.5%
3.0% 3.9% 1.4% 1.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Look at Websites with Sexual Content? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
20.6%
2.4%
4.2%
12.0%
26.3%
34.6%
27.1%
8.2%
10.6%
15.3% 14.1%
24.7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Visit Social Networking or Video-Sharing Websites? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
100!!
!Figure'2.5.5.1. Online!learning!I!word!definitions!!
!Figure'2.5.5.2. Online!learning!–!fact!checking!!
!Figure'2.5.5.3. Online!learning!I!school!related!information!!
20.2%
10.0%
13.6%
23.9%
19.2%
13.2%
25.2%
16.4%
14.1%
22.2%
13.4%
8.8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Use the Internet for Searching for Word Definitions? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
22.0%
8.9%
13.5%
24.9%
21.0%
9.9%
24.2%
14.9%
16.3%
26.5%
13.3%
4.7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Use the Internet for Fact Checking? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
52.6%
6.1% 8.3%
10.4% 11.9%
10.7%
49.6%
8.7%
5.5%
13.6% 13.6%
9.0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Use the Internet for School-related Information Retrieval? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
101!!
!Figure'2.5.5.4. Online!learning!I!distance!learning'!2.6. PERCEPTIONS$ABOUT$SOCIAL$AND$POLITICAL$LIFE$!2.6.1. Political$Efficacy$!When! asked! to! place! themselves! on! the! "Left\Right"! degree! scale,! about! one! in! four!Greek\Cypriots!and!one!in!five!Turkish\Cypriots!stated!that!they!do!not!accept!this!kind!of! political! distinction! (Figure! 2.6.1.1).! ! Further,! 2.4%! of! Turkish\Cypriots! refused! to!answer,!because!they!did!not!want!to!reveal!this!kind!of!personal!information.!!Of!those!who!did!place!themselves!on!the!scale,!an!overwhelming!majority!in!both!communities!chose!the!middle!value.!!A!remarkable!difference!concerns!the!percentage!that!said!they!did!not!know!(1.8%!of!Greek\Cypriots!vs!8.0%!of!Turkish\Cypriots).!!This!result!could!be!related! to! the! upcoming! presidential! election! in! the! Greek\Cypriot! community,! which!could!have!raised!the!levels!of!political!awareness!among!Greek\Cypriot!respondents.!!
!Figure'2.6.1.1. Political!selfIplacement!on!the!leftIright!axis!
!
Distrust! toward! an! increase! in! political! efficacy! due! to! internet! use! is! higher! among!Turkish\Cypriots!as!45.1%!of!the!respondents!(vs!35.6%!among!Greek\Cypriots)!do!not!believe! that! the! internet! can! increase! their! influence! in! politics,! while! 31.8%! (21.8%!among!Greek\Cypriots)!remain!uncertain!(Figure!2.6.1.2).!!!
93.7%
2.9% 1.4% 0.3% 0.7% 1.0%
88.3%
4.6% 1.6% 2.1% 1.9% 1.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day
How Often Do You Use the Internet for Distance Learning? Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
4.0%
0.6%
3.6%
6.9%
5.6%
27.5%
4.5%
6.5%
7.8%
1.6%
4.3%
1.8%
25.2%
6.1%
4.2%
6.1% 5.6%
7.9%
21.3%
10.1%
2.4% 1.4% 1.1%
3.5%
8.0%
19.8%
2.4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 (extreme left) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (extreme right) Don't Know Do not accept political
distinction
post-coded: "refused because
it is personal"
Political Self-Placement All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
102!!
!Figure'2.6.1.2. Increase!of!personal!political!power!!Most!users!in!both!communities!remain!skeptical!as!to!whether!the!use!of!the!internet!can! increase! one’s! personal! impact! on! governmental! decisions! and! actions! (Figure!2.6.1.3).!!
!Figure'2.6.1.3. Increase!of!personal!influence!on!governmental!actions!!Figure!2.6.1.4!shows!that!the!majority!in!both!communities!also!remains!skeptical!as!to!whether!the!internet!can!increase!public!officials'!interest!in!what!people!think!(62.5%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!and!57.3%!of!Turkish\Cypriot!users!disagree!or!strongly!disagree!with!the!corresponding!statement!on!the!questionnaire).!!
9.7%
25.9%
21.8%
34.2%
8.5%
5.6%
39.5%
31.8%
20.5%
2.6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
The Internet Can Increase Personal Influence on Politics Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
13.5%
32.0%
21.1%
28.1%
5.3%
3.8%
35.7%
26.4%
28.3%
5.8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
The Internet Can Increase Personal Influence on Governmental Actions Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
103!!
!Figure'2.6.1.4. Increase!of!officials’!interest!in!what!people!think!!Yet,! Greek\Cypriot! respondents! evaluate! the! internet’s! potential! contribution! to! the!understanding! of! political! processes! more! positively! than! Turkish\Cypriots! (Figure!2.6.1.5).!!
!Figure'2.6.1.5. Better!understanding!of!politics!!Most!users!perceive!an! increasing! importance!of! the! internet! in!political! campaigning,!especially! in! the! Greek\Cypriot! community! as! more! than! 70%! believe! that! it! has!acquired!importance!in!political!campaigns!(Figure!2.6.1.6)!!
25.5%
37.0%
15.1%
19.2%
3.1%
14.50%
42.80%
25.50%
14.50%
2.80%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
The Internet Will Increase Public Officials' Interest about What People Think Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
8.3%
22.4%
16.4%
41.4%
11.5%
5.80%
36.90%
31.50%
22.90%
3.00%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
The Internet Can Help in Better Understanding of Politics Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
104!!
!Figure'2.6.1.6. Importance!of!internet!during!the!preIelection!campaigns.!!2.6.2. Social$Trust$!In!all!three!questions!about!social!trust,!most!respondents!in!both!communities!placed!themselves! in! the!middle! of! the!10\point! scale.! ! Still,! Greek\Cypriots'! reservations! are!more! pronounced! in! all! three! items!with! 20\25%! placing! themselves! on! the! extreme!"distrust"!end!of! the!scale:!22.8%!believes! that!people!cannot!be! trusted!at!all! (Figure!2.6.2.1),!20.3%!says!that!people!would!try!to!take!advantage!of!you!whenever!they!have!the!chance!(Figure!2.6.2.2)!and!24.9%!thinks! that!people!only! look!out! for! themselves!(Figure!2.6.2.3).!The!corresponding!percentages! in!the!Turkish\Cypriot!community!are!8.4%,!11.6%!and!9.6%.!!
!Figure'2.6.2.1. Most!people!can!be!trusted!!
5.10%
14.00%
9.70%
42.70%
28.40%
5.10%
28.70%
24.70%
35.20%
6.30%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
The Internet Acquired Importance During the Pre-Election Campaigns Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
22.8%
6.8%
9.2%
10.6%
9.4%
24.6%
5.7% 5.5%
3.9%
0.6% 0.8%
8.4%
5.1%
9.2%
13.0% 12.5%
25.5%
12.0%
9.7%
3.1%
0.7% 0.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 (you can't be too careful)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (most people can be
trusted)
Most People Can Be Trusted All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
105!!
!Figure'2.6.2.2. Most!people!will!try!to!take!advantage!of!you!!
!Figure'2.6.2.3. Most!people!will!try!to!be!helpful!!2.7. FREEDOM$OF$EXPRESSION$AND$SURVEILLANCE$!2.7.1. Freedom$of$Expression$!Greek\Cypriot!respondents!declared!a!higher!degree!of!comfort!to!express!their!political!opinions! on! the! internet! (70%! vs! 42.9%! of! Turkish\Cypriots).! ! A! large! percentage! of!Turkish\Cypriots! (27.3%)! feel! limited! in! expressing! their! opinions! on! political! issues!and!29.8%!are!uncertain!(Figure!2.7.1.1).!!!!
20.3%
7.3%
9.4% 9.5% 9.3%
26.7%
6.9%
4.4%
2.5%
1.3%
2.6%
11.6%
7.7% 8.6%
11.6% 11.8%
23.8%
11.6%
6.7%
3.3%
1.0%
2.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 (most people would take
advantage of me)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (most people pepole would be fair)
Most People Will Try to Take Advantage of You All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
24.9%
7.3%
11.8% 12.6%
8.8%
22.7%
4.0% 2.9% 3.3%
0.7% 0.9%
9.6%
7.2%
8.7% 9.7%
11.6%
28.2%
12.3%
7.4%
2.2% 1.4% 1.7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 (people mostly look
out for themselves)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (most people pepole would try to be
helpful)
Most People Would Try to Be Helpful All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
106!!
!Figure'2.7.1.1. Freedom!of!expression!on!political!issues'!A!significant!proportion!of!Turkish\Cypriots!(34.9%)!are!also!uncertain!as!to!whether!it!is! safe! to! freely! express! political! views! on! the! internet,! while! slightly! less! than! half!(47.6%)! think! it! is! not! (compared! to! 53.5%! of! Greek\Cypriots).! ! Overall! the! views! of!Turkish\Cypriots!are!more!moderate!on!this!issue!(Figure!2.7.1.2).!!!
!Figure'2.7.1.2. Political!expression!online!!The!majority!of!Greek\Cypriots!(77.2%)!and!about!half!(49.9%)!of!Turkish\Cypriots!are!in!favor!of!the!freedom!to!criticize!the!government!online!(Figure!2.7.1.3).!!!
4.9%
13.2% 11.9%
36.9%
33.1%
5.3%
22.0%
29.8%
34.3%
8.6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
I Feel Comfortable Saying Whatever I Think about Politics All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
18.7%
34.8%
21.2%
18.0%
7.2%
10.8%
36.8%
34.9%
15.6%
1.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
On the Internet, It Is Safe to Say Whatever You Think About Politics All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
107!!
!Figure'2.7.1.3. Criticizing!government!online!!A!higher!percentage!of!Greek\Cypriots! (59.4%)! than!of!Turkish\Cypriots! (35.4%)! is! in!favor!of!the!freedom!to!express!ideas!online,!even!if!they!are!viewed!as!extreme!(Figure!2.7.1.4).!!!
!Figure'2.7.1.4. Expression!of!extreme!ideas!online!!Should!the!government!regulate!the!internet!more!than!it!does!now?!More!than!four!in!ten!Greek\Cypriot!respondents!(43.1%)!support!this!view,!while!only!37.1%!of!Turkish\Cypriots!does!so!(Figure!2.7.1.5).!!At!the!same!time,!Greek\Cypriots!are!also!more!likely!to! strongly! disagree.! ! As! it! can! be! seen! on! the! graph! Turkish\Cypriots! express! more!moderate!views!on!this!issue.!!!
3.8%
9.6% 9.3%
42.5%
34.7%
4.8%
18.4%
27.0%
36.1%
13.8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
People Should Be Free to Criticize Their Government on the Internet All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
6.2%
18.7%
15.8%
37.4%
22.0%
5.9%
27.6%
31.2% 29.8%
5.6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
It Is OK to Express Even Extreme Ideas on the Internet All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
108!!
!Figure'2.7.1.5. Government!regulation!of!the!internet!!2.7.2. Surveillance$!The!majority!of!Greek\Cypriot! internet!users! (62.9%)!are!not! concerned!about!having!their! online! activity! monitored! by! the! state.! ! The! corresponding! figure! for! Turkish\Cypriots! is!much! lower!at!27.0%!(Figure!2.7.2.1).! !Turkish\Cypriots!are!more! likely! to!worry!about!governmental!online!surveillance,!as!45.9%!(compared!to!21.3%!of!Greek\Cypriots)!agreed!or!strongly!agreed!with!the!corresponding!questionnaire!item.!!
!Figure'2.7.2.1. Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!the!government!!Similarly,!as!shown!on!Figure!2.7.2.2,!Turkish\Cypriot!internet!users!(43.5%)!are!more!concerned!than!Greek\Cypriot!users!(38.6%)!about!private!sector!monitoring!of!online!activity.!!!!
19.8%
17.8%
19.6%
28.1%
14.8%
7.4%
26.7%
28.9%
31.7%
5.4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
The Government Should Regulate the Internet More All Respondents
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
24.9%
38.0%
15.9% 16.2%
5.1% 5.5%
21.5%
27.1%
33.0%
12.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
I Am Worried about the Government Checking What I Do Online Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots
The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!
109!!
!Figure'2.7.2.2. Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!companies!!
18.9%
27.0%
15.4%
27.2%
11.4%
6.7%
22.0%
27.8%
32.0%
11.5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree
I Am Worried about Companies Checking what I Do Online Internet Users
Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots