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Wiping Out Old HabitsGrobogan Community’s JourneyTowards Becoming Open-Defecation-Free (ODF)

Wiping Out Old HabitsGrobogan Community’s Journey

Towards Becoming Open-Defecation-Free (ODF)

i

Introduction

The Indonesian government has set a target of 100% open-defecation-free (ODF) in rural area by 2014. It will take hard work to achieve this target, particularly in terms of encouraging people to change their old habits: defecating in open areas.

Plan Indonesia in Grobogan District, with funding from AusA ID, has implemented the community-led-total-sanitation (CLTS) program in order to support the government to achieve their target. CLTS is one of the fi ve pillars in National Program STBM (community-based-total-sanitation). According to Plan Indonesia’s vision, we encourage people to generally live a healthy life, free from open defecation behaviour. That way, children can develop to their full potential and live in environments that are clean, and free from the threat of disease.

Furthermore, Plan Indonesia encourages and engages entrepreneurs, whether individuals or business groups, to play an active role in changing the behaviour of open defecation.

This book is a piece of Grobogan’s story. Grobogan is a district in Central Java, Indonesia from which Plan has learned many valuable lessons about eradicating the practice of open defecation, and realising a child’s right to a clean and healthy environment. This lesson will not be of value unless it is disseminated to all parties in need. Therefore, we compiled this book to enrich the success story of Indonesia’s CLTS programs in general. We hope you enjoy this book.

John McDonough

Country Director

Plan Indonesia

ii

Resource People :

H. Icek Baskoro, SH (Vice District Head of Kabupaten Grobogan), Drs. Pudjo Albachrun, M.Si (Head of The Planning Agency of Kabupaten Grobogan), dr. Bambang Pujiyanto, M.Kes (Head of Health Agency of Kabupaten Grobogan).

Terkesi Village: Sukardi (Head of Village), Abdurahman (Village Facilitator/ Sanitation Enterpreneur), Mukarom (Community); Sumur Gede Village: Suyatno (Head of Village), Syafaat (“Feces Ninja”), Rohmah, Susilo (Village Facilitator); Dorologi Village: Pardianto (Village Facilitator); Sub-District of Tegowanu: Sri Mulyanti, Muji Suprapto (Committee Team of STBM); Panimbo Village: Mirin (Village Facilitator), Tarik (Chief of Village Facilitator), Yanuar (“Feces Police”); Tangjungrejo Village: Leo Suwandi (Champion Village); Tambahrejo Village: Agus Adi Dewanto,SH, M.Kn (Head of Village), Susilo, Emi, Kusmiyem, Sulimin, Jami, Pri (Committee Team of STBM); Simo Village: Suwardi (Head of Village), Siswanto (Village Facilitator); Pojok

Village: Umar Ali (Village Facilitator, Natural Leader,); Putatnganten Village: Ashadi, Darto, Fitri (Committee Team of STBM).

Plan Indonesia Program Unit Grobogan : Yusdi, Yohana ORDP, Muhammad Izzudin, Alit Aviane, Jepi Jumiarsih, Ari Wibowo, Okta Mahayudhanto, Suwardi, Atin Supriatin, Subandi.

Plan Indonesia Country Offi ce: Eka Setiawan and Wahyu Triwahyudi (Advisor); Katharina Maria Anggraeni (Editor).

Publishing Team :

Sylvana Corputty (Concept and Writing); Taufi k Sugandi and E. Sunandar (Photos, Layout and Graphic Design).

Acknowledgements

iii

Introduction i

Acknowledgements ii

Content iii

People Have Acted 1

Behavioural Changes is Necessary 2Box : Getting to Know Grobogan 3Proper Support 4Box : A Well-Planned Journey 6Mobilising All Resources 9

People As Leaders 11

The People Decide 12The Goal is Not Making New Toilet Infrastructure 13Box: Defecating Properly 15Once Triggered, The Rest is Easy 16Box: STBM, Or Community-Based Total Sanitation 17

People Triggering People 19

Triggering for Change 20A Walk Towards Shame 21Towards A Joint Decision 23Box: CLTS Facilitators 24Helped by Other Triggers 26

People Maintaining The Change 29

Keeping Social Capital 30Enhancing Local Capacity 31Box: Plan Indonesia’s Grobogan Program Unit 32Maintaining the Momentum 34Becoming A Good Example 36

Conclusion 37

Content

iv

The communities now can make their

own concrete pit.

11People Have Ac ted

PEOPLE HAVE ACTEDIt has taken only about a year for the community-led-total-sanitation (CLTS) Program in the Grobogan district to show remarkable results. (See box: STBM, p17). 132 villages in this district are now free from open defecation. Over 23,000 new latrines have been built and are in use by 563,000 Grobogan communities. All of this has been achieved without any subsidies.

Another achievement, actually more fundamental, is the action the Grobogan communities have taken to practise better hygienic behaviour. It is expected in the near future that many other Grobogan villages will also adapt open-defecation-free behaviour.

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22 Wiping Out Old Habits

Behavioural Changes is NecessaryOpen defecation practices have been prevalent throughout the district of Grobogan, as they still are in many areas of Indonesia. Many of Grobogan’s communities still defecate in irrigation canals, rivers, rice fi elds and in their gardens (See box: Defecating Properly, p15).

Realising the need to stop open defecation practices, the government of the Grobogan District introduced the CLTS (community-led-total-sanitation) Program in June 2010 (See box: STBM, p17).This initiative is the fi rst pillar of National Program STBM (community-based-total-sanitation),namely stopping open defecation, also known as “Stop BABS”. The target is to ensure 153 villages in ten Grobogan sub-districts are open-defecation-free by 2012.

The Vice Head of Grobogan District, Mr. Icek Baskoro, SH., declares the target of ten ODF sub-districts by 2012. This is a more ambitious timeframe than the Ministry of Health’s target date of 2014 for an ODF Indonesia. The launching of the program was also attended by Bappenas & Ministry of Health offi cials representing the central government and the heads of the targeted sub-districts.

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Kabupaten Grobogan, or the district of Grobogan, is located in the province of Central Java, directly adjacent to the Semarang district. Grobogan District is populated by 1.5 million people, and occupies a land area of about two million square kilometres. Administratively, the district is divided into 19 sub-districts, with 273 villages and seven kelurahans (urban neighbourhoods). The district capital is Purwodadi. Currently, the Head of the district (Bupati) is H. Bambang Pudjiono, SH and the Vice District Head is H. Icek Baskoro, SH. The district was founded on 4 March, 1726.

Getting to Know Grobogan

The district’s motto is “Grobogan Bersemi”, where Bersemi stands for Bersih (Clean), Sehat (Healthy), Mantap (Steady), and Indah (Beautiful). Ten of the 19 sub-districts are targeted to be ODF (open-defecation free) by 2012. These sub-districts are: Kradenan, Wirosari, Tawangharjo, Penawangan, Godong, Karangrayung, Kedungjati, Tegowanu, Klambu and Brati. The ten were selected due to their low access to basic sanitation, as shown from a basic-health-survey (riskesdas) conducted by District Health in 2006.

district’s motto is “Grobogan Bersemi”, where ” Bersemi stands for i Bersih (Clean), Sehat (Healthy), t Mantapd ) d I d h (B tif l) T f th 19 b di t i t t t d t b ODF ( d f ti f )

Tegowanu

GodongPenawangan

Brati

Tawangharjo

Wirosari

Kradenan

Klambu

Kedungjati

Karangrayung

Ilustrasi : Taufi k Sugandi

Tawangharjobu

g Pudjiono, SH and the Vice District Head is H. Icek Baskoro, SH. The district

Brati

Tawangharjbu

Central Java Province


Proper SupportIt was known from the beginning that the success of the CLTS program in Grobogan would be infl uenced by government support, that is, support staff who would work directly implementing the program, and also fi nancial support in the shape of budget allocation (through APBD/district annual budget). This support would not only come from the district level, but also from sub-district and village levels. However, we knew it was important to keep this government support in a form that did not violate the principles of CLTS. Subsidies for provision of latrines were absolutely prohibited.

Only with a good understanding of CLTS principles the government could determine a proper form of support. For that, a number of activities were conducted with the ten Sub-District Heads. Among them was the STBM workshop (since CLTS is one pillars of STBM). In addition, the offi cials also participated in a site visit to an ODF area.

Sub-District Heads visit Trenggalek in East Java to see conditions of an ODF area for themselves. They were accompanied by members of the Water Sanitation Working Group (AMPL)and local House of Representatives (DPRD) members from Grobogan District.

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All government levels committed to the implementation of the CLTS program in their respective areas. The Head of District launched the program, and this was followed by the declaration of the 10 sub-districts to be ODF by 2012. Above, the Head of Tawangharjo Sub-District signs the declaration during the program launch in June 2010.

Photo: Collection of Ludhy


A Well-Planned Journey The success of the CLTS program in Grobogan (See box: STBM, p17), was achieved after the following steps were taken (see the diagram below). Steps were planned and carefully implemented. Grobogan communities are triggered to move ahead and start to take self-determined action. This approach can be replicated in other areas, with needed modifi cations to ensure social-cultural appropriateness.

Step-by-Step Implementation of the CLTS Program

Statement of

Commitment from the

Leader

Prior to initiating the CLTS program, it is important to obtain commitment from the government leader. Such commitment ensures government offi cials share their time and resources in supporting the activities.

Program Launch

The CLTS program should be offi cially launched by the government leader. The launch ceremony with the communities and stakeholders will bring public awareness to the program and the government’s serious commitment to its implementation.

Target Determination

Goals, objectives, location and duration of

implementation needs should be determined

at the beginning of the program. This will be an indicator of the

performance measures of CLTS program

implementation . In setting targets, it is

important to consider the community’s social and

economic conditions.

Preparation of

CLTS Team

Each area should form a CLTS team. Team tasks

include planning, raising awareness and monitoring

the activities in each area. All team members

must have a common understanding of the CLTS

and STBM in general.

1 2 3 4


Program Planning

The CLTS team should prepare the program plans with the AMPL Working Group, local offi cials and other relevant parties. The plan should include awareness-raising activities and training. Including the budget estimate planning.

Preparing the

Facilitators

A number of facilitators should be appointed from the community members. It is important to improve their knowlegde about the CLTS as well as their know-how of triggering and community empowerment methods.

Changing Behaviour

The triggered community will change their behaviour based on their own commitment. Toilets may be built according to their own desires and aff ordability. There are no particular set of design given. What is important is that the toilets is safe, healthy and properly used.

Program Socialization

in Working Area

In each target area, activities to raise awareness of the program should be conducted with the stakeholders, including the communities . All parties should understand the background, objectives and scope of the program. It is advisable to have leader commitment during the socialization.

Community Triggering

Triggering invites community members to assess their own sanitation condition and hygiene practices. The communities will then determine and plan their own behaviour change. The community members should be encouraged to prepare agreement among themselves on the behaviour changes they are committed to.

Recognition as

an ODF Area

The local government, through its AMPL Working Group, should verify the ODF. The reward such as certifi cates should be given to a village that are declared ODF to acknowledge their achievements.

5 6 7 8 9 10


Grobogan villages celebrate their ODF status with a fanfare, involving all parties in the CLTS program. The celebrations, held in April and June 2011, included a quiz, games and demonstration of proper handwashing with soap. Village facilitators also exhibited their inexpensive locally-made latrine models. The government of Grobogan District awarded the ODF certifi cates to the successful village chiefs. Special certifi cates was also given to the individuals considered instrumental to the program.

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Mobilising All ResourcesTo ensure the success of the CLTS program in Grobogan, resources in community groups and community members were mobilised.

Community groups that is capable to mobilise, such as women’s groups and youth clubs, were recruited to help raise awareness of CLTS. Infl uential community members were invited and trained to become facilitators. Other individuals with masonry skills were recruited to make safe and proper toilets.

Ready to Move Even Further

The CLTS program in Grobogan has shown impressive results. One third of the targeted villages have left their open defecation behaviour. The communities are eager to start a more healthy and hygienic way of life. With this foundation, moving towards the second pillar of STBM will not be diffi cult – handwashing with soap. The local government, particularly the local education agency and the health agency, has taken the initiative by commemorating Global Handwashing Day in Grobogan.

Icek Baskoro,

the Vice District Head of Grobogan District

“What’s most important is that the program

has galvanised participation from all segments of

the village. The women’s group (PKK), the youth club

(Karang Taruna) and local entrepreneurs are all involved.

Those who never thought about doing business are now

working in the sanitation business”.

Photo: Taufi k Sugandi

9People Have Ac ted

ts. One third of the targeted communities are eager to

oundation, moving towards shing with soap. The local

he health agency, has taken y in Grobogan.

o,

ct

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ments of

outh club

all involved.

ness are now

ion business”.

Taufi k Sugandi

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The exercise of making latrines in a house at

Pojok Village, Sub-district of Tawangharjo.

11People As Leaders

PEOPLE AS LEADERS The key to Grobogan’s success in the CLTS program is the involvement of many parties, Including local governments, the AMPL Working Group and community groups. However, the main key of success is the people of Grobogan themselves.

As per CLTS principle, the changes must come from the people themselves. Thus, elimination of open defecation habits is the community’s own will and intent.

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The People DecideChanging people’s behaviour requires the correct approach, especially when it pertains to life habits as private as defecation. An approach often used for this purpose, is the Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach.

The CLTS principle is simple. It states that the community members are the ones who decide whether they change their defecation habits. There is no coercion, no twisting of arms. They can even decide not to change anything. If they want to change their defecation practices, they are free to choose how they want to do it. They will also be expected to rely on their own resources; as no subsidies are provided. There is also no standard or guideline on how communities should change.

In the CLTS approach, communities are empowered to be their own leaders in behaviour change. They are the ones who decide whether they need to change or not, and how. Every decision is based on their own capabilities. It is not uncommon to fi nd that the latrines built are very rudimentary. Above is a simple pit toilets (locally known as jumbleng) owned by a household in Sumur Gede Village in Godong Sub-District. However, as per their commitment, this pit toilet will be improved by the owner in the future.

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13People As Leaders

The Goal is Not Making New Toilet Infrastructure Change in defecation behaviour in a community is usually accompanied by a rise in the number of new latrines. Such is the case in Grobogan District. Three thousand new latrines were built in one year. This is a great achievement, even though CLTS programs do not specifi cally aim for construction of new latrines.

The real goal of CLTS is behaviour change, with the aim being that people will stop their open-defecation practices. It is up to each individual how he or she will stop it. The important thing is they can defecate in a more hygienic way. Community members can use any latrine available – whether it is a neighbour’s latrine or a public latrine. In CLTS, no one is obliged to build a new latrine (CLTS Handbook, Kamal Kar).

The CLTS approach is based on experience from past sanitation projects. Many latrines built for communities were not utilised

because the communities did not feel the need for them. The CLTS

approach thus emphasises the use of latrines instead of the making of

latrines.

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Photo: Collection of Qipra

Pudjo Albachrun,

Head of the Planning Agency of Grobogan District

“In the past, the government built many public latrines in villages, but people ended up not using them. It turned out that

building sanitation facilities without changing people’s habits first is futile”.


Better toilets in Grobogan use a latrine with a U-bend pipe (pour fl ush latrine), like the ones in the village of Anggaswangi, Godong Sub-District. The U-bend pipe maintains a water seal for reducing odour problems.

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15People As Leaders

The fi rst pillar of STBM is eliminating open-defecation, also known as ODF (See box: STBM, p17). What constitutes “proper defecation” should be understood; otherwise, changes in behaviour might only lead to other practices that are still classifi ed as open-defecation.

Open defecation occurs when individuals defecate in places that are visible to others, and faeces is exposed and can be touched by other people, animals, insect and fi eld . When faeces directly aff ect rivers and groundwater this is also classifi ed as open defecation, thus defecating in rice fi elds, gardens, drainage canals and rivers is open-defecation.

CLTS encourages individuals to defecate in closed toilet where privacy is ensured. Toilet should have a disposal pit which can be covered and where odours are minimised. Toilets that fi t this criteria need not to be expensive. CLTS allows individuals to decide for themselves the type of toilets they want.

Defecating Properly

A simple latrine can be built by creating a pit in the ground and placing a cover over it. Plastic or fabric can be placed around the latrine to create a sense of privacy. The people of Grobogan call this jamban jumbleng or cubluk (simple pit toilets). However, due to its durability most of the owner will change it to permanent toilets.

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Once Triggered, The Rest is EasyWith the CLTS approach, the communities are triggered to acknowledge their own sanitation conditions and behaviour, and feel embarrassed by their situation. Once they realize it, the communities tend to want to improve their conditions. They will start to voluntarily change their defecation habits, where feasible.

The CLTS program is very dependent on creating awareness and demand from the community for a better, healthier life. When a community makes this choice, it is not diffi cult to introduce the other four pillars of STBM (See box: STBM, p17). In Grobogan District, once open-defecation free status is achieved, the pillar of handwashing with soap will be introduced.

In October 2010, the Global Handwashing Day was commemorated by thousands of elementary school children in Grobogan District. The aim was to introduce the children to this habit from a young age, and to have children actively raise awareness with other members of the community.

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17People As Leaders

Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM), or Community-Based Total Sanitation is an approach for community empowerment towards hygienic and healthy behaviour. STBM has fi ve pillars of behaviour change as follows (along with the output indicators).

Open-Defecation Free

Handwashing with Soap

Household Drinking Water Treatment & Safe Storage

Household Solid Waste Management

Household Wastewater Management

Each individual has access to basic sanitation services, so as to achieve an open-defecation free community. Through community-led-total-sanitation (CLTS).

Each household and public facility has a place for washing hands, with clean water and soap or ashes.

Each household safely manages drinking water and food.

Each household properly manages its solid waste.

Each household properly manages its wastewater.

STBM, Or Community-Based Total Sanitation

STBM is a community-based program, as its name indicates. The program does not off er any subsidies for construction of sanitation facilities.

STBM has been declared as a national program by the Health Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia. In September 2008, it was endorsed as a national strategy through the Decree of the Health Minister No. 852/Menkes/SK/IX/2008. The strategy serves a reference for those who want to be involved in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the STBM program.

5 Pillars STBM

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Exercising the sanitation mapping by the

community as part of the triggering process,

conducted in the sub district of Wirosari.

19People Tr igger ing People

PEOPLE TRIGGERING PEOPLETriggering aims to make communities realize the negative impact of open defecation, and to start the process of deciding on the next course of action. A sense of disgust and shame is created using specifi c triggering techniques.

The triggering process is guided by CLTS facilitators selected from community members who have been trained in triggering techniques. Other community members, in their own way, also do things to motivate behaviour change within the communities.

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Triggering for ChangeTriggering is the core of the CLTS approach. In the Grobogan CLTS program, triggering was implemented as a series of participative activities that sparked the community’s interest in changing their defecation behaviour. Trigerring must be facilitated by trained individuals.

During the triggering process, community members are prompted to talk about their sanitation and hygiene practices with each other and with resource people. A sense of ownership is created about their environmental conditions, as well as a sense of shame about their defecation behaviour. Once a collective opinion is formed, the community will start to think of options to improve their behaviour.

Triggering must be done in a participatory manner, as the community is the subject of the triggering itself. All steps in triggering should involve each head of households to ensure that collective decisions are produced.

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A Walk Towards Shame One of the goals of triggering is for the community to truly understand the poor and unsanitary conditions of their village. It starts with the community seeing fi rst-hand the sites used for open defecation. The need to change usually starts to arise after examining the facts they fi nd.

Community members walk together around the village to fi nd the open defecation spots – this is commonly known as “transect walk”. During the walk, a sense of disgust and shame is created; and after the walk, fi ndings and feelings are discussed in the group.

While doing the transect walk, the group stops at the sites where human feces is found. This is done to ensure that community members fully experience the unsightly view and odour, which in turn creates a sense of disgust and shame.

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A location where feces was found is marked on a map of the village, prepared by the villagers themselves. The group also tries to identify the local people do the open defecation. This collective mapping eff ort gives an opportunity for the group to reach consensus on the conditions and defecation problems in the village.

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Towards A Joint DecisionTriggering encourages the community to decide whether their defecation behaviour needs to change. Prior to deciding, the group need to understand the logical consequence of their defecation practice, as well as the potential benefits to be gained if open-defecation is eradicated.

A simple way to communicate the consequences of open-defecation is to lead the group in calculating the amount of human waste produced in the area. Communities will usually be surprised by the fi gure calculated for annual human waste produced -- surprised enough to want to change their behaviour. When they think about where the faecal matter ends up, and the impact it has on their families’ health, the motivation to change will be even stronger.

The collective decision to end open defecation behaviour will encourage the people to change. The people is requested to determine on when and how they will change their open defecation behaviour. Most of them making a written commitment about this.

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The role of the CLTS facilitator is crucial. They are the ones who have direct interaction with the community members, who must try to understand the conditions of the community and raise the awareness of the members. During the triggering process, the facilitator plays an important role in ensuring that discussions are on track, so as to reach the triggering goals. Including follow up.

Besides having CLTS facilitation knowledge and skills, the facilitators also have to be patient and persevere. Not everybody is capable of being a facilitator. Each candidate must go through a series of training courses to make sure they are prepared.

A CLTS facilitator should not act like a lecturer, or even worse, instruct or coach the community to do something. The facilitator’s role is to guide the group through conducting the triggering process properly. This role is becoming easy if a facilitator is already known and respected by the community.

CLTS Facilitators

Prior to becoming a CLTS facilitator, a candidate must go through an intensive course. The Grobogan CLTS program has trained 150 community members to become facilitators. Each village sent two of its residents, a woman and a man. The training course was conducted by the Pokja AMPL and Plan Indonesia – Grobogan Program Unit, for four days at the end of September 2010. The course covered material on CLTS and STBM principles, facilitation techniques and triggering techniques – all delivered in a participatory manner. Some fi eld exercises were also done to make sure participants were comfortable with the techniques.

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Mr Abdurahman is a facilitator from Terkesi Village, in Klambu Sub-District. Pak Abdu, as he is called, was selected by the Village Head to be a facilitator, because he was known as a resourceful community leader who cared about the village’s future. During the training course, Pak Abdu’s enthusiasm was evident, and this motivated other participants from other villages to take part in leading the way to ODF.

As a facilitator, Pak Abdu’s performance has been outstanding – for example, one time he conducted a ODF awareness session to 1,000 people at a prayer gathering. Pak Abdu has also recently developed an interest in making toilets. After attending a course on Sanitation Entrepreneurship, Pak Abdu successfully produced a toilet sold at a reasonable price. Profi ts from the sale of the toilets are used to help the village continue the CLTS program.

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Helped by Other TriggersEverywhere the CLTS program is implemented, there are always individuals who help the triggering process, with their own initiative and in their own way. Some are inspired to help raise awareness, some become ‘watchdogs’ for the defecation practices, others help plan a neighbour’s latrine. Such was the experience in Grobogan District.

Some individuals from the Grobogan community became very active in the triggering process, including community leaders, religious leaders, head of hamlets and even children. It was clear that they were inspired to speed up the process of changing defecation practices. Some used unique approaches, among them patrolling for open-defecation using a ninja-like garment.

Yanuar is a child from Panimbo Village in the sub-district of Kedungjati. Yanuar has volunteered himself to go around the village jotting down names of people he fi nds defecating in open areas. Sometimes, he and his friends go as far as throwing pebbles at these people. They’ve been called “Feces Police” by the community. Yanuar even reported his own father, who he caught defecating in the river.

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Bapak Syafa’at is a religious leader in the village of Sumur Gede, Gedong Sub-District. The community respects him a great deal, and he previously served as the Head of the Community Welfare Unit in the village. Pak Syafa’at has a

unique way of reprimanding those who still practise open-defecation. Every day before dawn, Pak Syafa’at, with his head gear, walks to the bridges in the village and uses his torchlight to fi nd people defecating in the river. Pak

Syafa’at directs his torchlight on anyone he sees defecating. Over time, he has found fewer people defecating in the river. Villagers call Pak Syafa’at the “Feces Ninja”.

Bapak Syafa’at is a rea great deal, and he

unique way of reprhis head gear, wal

Syafa’at directs hthe river. Vi

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The process of making toilets by the communities.

The locally-made toilet are sold to the community

for a price of Rp 35,000 each.

29People Maintaining The Change

PEOPLE MAINTAINING THE CHANGEAlthough designed to stop open-defecation, the outcome of the CLTS program in Grobogan is much broader. Social capital and higher capacity among the local community has been formed. Both need to be sustained.

The momentum created by the CLTS program’s success should be maintained, or even expanded. The community’s behaviour should be monitored and evaluated together, and a further course of action should be determined to maintain or strengthen the momentum.

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Keeping Social Capital The CLTS program has been successful in forming a collective will to solve sanitation problems in the area. Together, the community prepared a plan and implemented it. The unifi ed community was also happy to lend their support to other communities.

The outcome has been a stronger social capital in the Grobogan community. The community has developed trust and a spirit of collaboration. This social capital will make it possible for the Grobogan community to collectively overcome other challenges in the future.

A natural leader will emerge from within a unifi ed community. Under the leadership of such natural leaders, the social capital can function well in facing diff erent challenges. Among the natural leaders in Grobogan is Leo Suwandi, a resident of Tanjungredjo Village in Wirosari Sub-District. Although he is not a facilitator, he is active in convincing other residents to stop open-defecation. He does this is by visiting his neighbours’ homes directly, and also by playing an active role in village meetings and other village forums.

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Enhancing Local Capacity The CLTS program has succeeded in building potential within the community. Supported by the right training and knowledge, members of the community were able to develop their skills and capacity – either as facilitators, guides or masons.

This local capacity can be used for other community empowerment activities, such as family welfare programs, mother and child health or increasing farm productivity. Stronger community participation enhances the community potential further. The role of the facilitating organisations, such as Plan Indonesia’s Grobogan Program Unit (see box) is no longer needed.

Changes in defecation habits are often followed by increased demand for latrines. In anticipation of this new demand, a few Grobogan residents were trained to identify the types of latrines appropriate for each household. They attended Masons and Sanitarian Training on Latrine Technology Options held in August 2010, which trained participants to produce toilets and concrete pits. This new skill became a source of income. The community members are pleased to buy the local toilets because of the low price.

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The smooth implementation of the CLTS program in the Grobogan district is partly due to the role of Plan Indonesia’s Grobogan Program Unit. Plan is not the main actor in the CLTS program, but we are always prepared to support all parties involved in the implementation of CLTS in Grobogan.

In 2008, Plan Indonesia started collaborating with AMPL Working Group of the Grobogan district to conduct a CLTS pilot project in six villages. The success of the pilot project convinced the local government to proceed with a similar program targeting 153 villages in ten sub-districts.

To support this new program, Plan Indonesia formed the Grobogan CLTS Project Team working under coordination of Plan Indonesia’s Grobogan Program Unit. This unit operates under the leadership of a Project Manager, who is assisted by two Team Leaders. For each sub-district participating in the CLTS program, a Coordinator is assigned. Administratively, Plan Indonesia’s Grobogan Program Unit is under the umbrella of the WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) Program implemented by Plan Indonesia.

Support from Plan Indonesia’s Grobogan Program Unit is mainly in the form of project management. Plan supports the coordination of involved parties, actively facilitates awareness-building events and the triggering process. No fi nancial support is provided to any of the organisations implementing the program and no subsidies are provided for latrine construction, consistent with the CLTS principles.

Plan Indonesia’s Grobogan Program Unit

Plan Indonesia’s Grobogan Program Unit has an offi ce in Purwodadi to ensure easy communication with the government of the Grobogan district. The fi rst Monday of every month, all staff in the unit meet to discuss progress and obstacles faced in each sub-district. The picture shows, from left, Ari Wibowo (Wirosari Sub-District Coordinator), Yohanna ORDP (CLTS Project Manager), and Muhammad Izzudin (Team Leader) discussing the sanitation map prepared by the community.

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Plan Indonesia’s Grobogan Program Unit has supported the publication of many program promotion materials. Among them is the tri-monthly magazine entitled Kabar Grobogan.

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Maintaining the Momentum Changes in defecation habits must be monitored continuously, especially in areas already recognised as ODF zones. Monitoring is done using Stop BABS indicators that have been agreed on previously. Results are evaluated openly, so the community members can see how consistent their behaviour change has been.

Such monitoring and evaluation brings other benefi ts. Knowing someone is watching, individuals are reluctant to return to their old habits. In fact, most are motivated to do even better. This applies not only to defecation habits, but other STBM pillars as well. Monitoring, thus, is a means to maintain the momentum of behaviour change, if not to strengthen it.

It is important that all parties agree on the monitoring and evaluation methods before the program starts. For that, the government of Grobogan District (supported by Plan Indonesia’s Grobogan Program Unit) conducted monitoring and evaluation training in September 2010. The training was also attended by the AMPL Working Group of Grobogan District and the CLTS Sub-District Team. The training has made everyone understand the importance of data collection in the implementation of CLTS and its impact on maintaining the behaviour change.

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In monitoring the CLTS program in the Grobogan District, each family is asked to fi ll out a special card prepared by Plan Indonesia’s Grobogan Program Unit. The card not only monitors the ODF pillar, but also the other four STBM pillars. Results of the monitoring are collected by the facilitator for joint evaluation.

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Becoming A Good ExampleGrobogan’s success in reaching ODF status for some of its villages, and the collaborative nature of its community has made Grobogan an example for other areas trying to replicate the program. The name of Grobogan is often mentioned and its residents are often invited to speak in various STBM/CLTS discussions.

Besides being proud of their region, the residents of Grobogan are proud of themselves. They have succeeded in changing their lifestyle to a healthier one, which also means they have improved their individual capacity and dignity. They are now confi dent that they can continue to improve themselves and develop their region.

In May 2011, the district of Grobogan received a Vietnam delegation, to learn the district’s successin implementing CLTS. This visit is evidence that Grobogan has become a reference for successful CLTS implementation, not only in Indonesia but also internationally.

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CONCLUSIONChanging people’s behaviour is not that diffi cult if its done with the right approach. The implementation of the fi rst pillar of the STBM program (or ODF through CLTS) in Grobogan District is a good example. It took just over a year for its communities to change their

defecation behaviour. 132 villages are now declared ODF.

With full community involvement, social ties within the communities have become stronger. Local capacity gained from the program is expected to improve hygienic behaviour and health of the Grobogan community even further. Currently Grobogan is ready to start the second pillar of the STBM program. With clean and healthy living behaviour, the community will ensure Grobogan continues to blossom, moving towards the ideal of “Grobogan Bersemi” – Bersih (Clean), Sehat (Healthy), Mantap (Steady) and Indah (Beautiful).

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