wipo seminar ppip

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1Geneva, June 14, 2011

The Importance of PublicThe Importance of Public--Private Partnerships: Private Partnerships:

Findings of the Findings of the International Union for the Protection of New International Union for the Protection of New

Varieties of Plants (UPOV) Varieties of Plants (UPOV) Seminar in April 2011Seminar in April 2011

Peter Button (Vice SecretaryPeter Button (Vice Secretary--General, UPOV)General, UPOV)

Seminar on How the Private and Public Sectors Use Intellectual Property to Enhance Agricultural Productivity

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PREVIEW

• Overview of UPOV

• Importance of Plant Breeding, Plant Variety Protection and UPOV

• Findings of the UPOV Seminar

UPOV SEMINAR ON UPOV SEMINAR ON PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: THE BENEFITS OF PUBLICTHE BENEFITS OF PUBLIC--PRIVATE PRIVATE

PARTNERSHIPPARTNERSHIPGeneva, April 11 and 12, 2011Geneva, April 11 and 12, 2011

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UPOV: INDEPENDENT INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION

The International ConventionConvention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants

established in 1961

The International UnionUnion for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants

UUnion internationale pour la pprotection des oobtentions vvégétales

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.

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5

Members of UPOV (green) & initiating States & organizations (brown)

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UPOV MISSION STATEMENT

“To provide and promote an effective system of plant variety protection, with the aim of encouraging the encouraging the development of new varieties of development of new varieties of plants, for the benefit of societyplants, for the benefit of society”

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NEW VARIETIESNEW VARIETIES

BREEDERSBREEDERS

CONSUMERSCONSUMERS

FARMERS, FARMERS, GROWERSGROWERS

Technology TransferTechnology Transfer

Importance of Plant BreedingImportance of Plant Breeding

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CONSUMERSCONSUMERS



•• YieldYield•• ProfitabilityProfitability•• Resistance to Resistance to

pests and pests and diseasesdiseases

•• Stress Stress tolerancetolerance

•• HarvestabilityHarvestability•• Crop qualityCrop quality•• Input Input

efficiencyefficiency•• Variety Variety

diversitydiversity•• New markets New markets

……etc.etc.

BREEDERSBREEDERS


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9Bernard Le Buanec, Second World Seed Conference (Rome, September 2009)


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Trial 10039 - WW Blackgrass Crop Competition Trial, Stow Longa Visual % Crop Cover by Variety - March 2010

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

Robigus

Denman

Warrior

Edmunds

Gallant

Oakley

Viscount

Battalio

nTarg

et

Grafton

Invicta

Panorama

Solstice

DuxfordQuartz

JB Diego

Santiago

Scout

TuxedoStig

g

Kingdom

Hereward

Visu

al a

sses

smen

t % C

rop

Cov

er

BeBp

MpBe

BeMp

MpFe

MeMp

BeMe

MeBe

MpBe

MpMp

Fp

BeFp

Fe

B = Broad LeafM = MediumF = Fine

e = erectp = prostateLeaf type




Barry Barker Masstock Arable UK Ltd

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Glucosinolate content from 100 µmoles (‘Jetneuf’) to 12 µmoles (‘Samouraï’)

SEMINAR ON SEMINAR ON PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND


PARTNERSHIPPARTNERSHIPYves Lespinasse

RAPESEED

LEAR: Low Erucic Acid

HOLLI: High Oleic and Low Linolenic

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World Total Rapeseed Production

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2009

Year

Mill

ion

met

ric to

ns

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BREEDERSBREEDERS

CONSUMERSCONSUMERS



•• Reduced food Reduced food costcost

•• Efficient land Efficient land useuse

•• Nutritional Nutritional quality, taste quality, taste etc.etc.

•• Storage qualityStorage quality•• Diversity of Diversity of

productsproducts


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BREEDERSBREEDERS

CONSUMERSCONSUMERS


ADD

ED VALU

EAD

DED

VALUE


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• Plant breeding is long and expensiveBUTBUT

• Plant varieties can be easily and quickly reproduced

Breeders need protection to recover investment

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FINDINGS

Increases breeding activities

Diverse types of breeders (private breeders, researchers)

Introduction of UPOV system

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Importance of Plant Variety Protection and UPOVImportance of Plant Variety Protection and UPOV

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Figure 29. China: Number of Breeders in Henan Province (Maize)(Maize)

Figure 30. China: Number of Breeders in Henan Province (Wheat)(Wheat)

PVP introduction / UPOV Membership

Number of other breedersNumber of breeders at the Provincial Research Institute

PVP introduction / UPOV Membership


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Figure 33. China: Number of Applications by Categories of Applications (Agriculture)


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Figure 52. Republic of Korea: Number of Rose Breeders

Figure 53. Republic of Korea: Number of Rice Breeders


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Regulatory decree No. 2183/91

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-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Volu

me

(tons

)

Val

ue (B

illio

n K

shs)

Value (Billion (Kshs.)

Volume (Tons)

PVP Operational

UPOV Membership

Evans Sikinyi, Second World Seed Conference

Export of Kenyan Cut Flowers


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Registration Number by Breeder (Japan) (～March 31,2009)

3,988 8,679 55179574140

74 32 527 245 82 17

194 419 327 89 188 36

467 143 237 128 3148

49 244 187 186 181 12

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Ornamental Plants

Food Crops

Vegetable

Fruit crops

Others

Individual Seed company Local government

National government Food company Agricultural cooperative

(14,011)

(977)

(1,253)

(1,054)

(823)(subtotal)

Yasunori Ebihara, International Symposium (Seoul, August 2009)


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BREEDERSBREEDERS

CONSUMERSCONSUMERS



Breeder’s Rightand

Exceptions (1991 Act)

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Breeder’s Right[1991 Act of UPOV Convention]

Article 14Scope of the Breeder’s Right

(1) [Acts in respect of the propagating material] (a) Subject to Articles 15 and 16, the following acts in respect of the propagating

material of the protected variety shall require the authorization of the breeder:(i) production or reproduction (multiplication),(ii) conditioning for the purpose of propagation,(iii) offering for sale,(iv) selling or other marketing,(v) exporting,(vi) importing,(vii) stocking for any of the purposes mentioned in (i) to (vi), above.

(b) The breeder may make his authorization subject to conditions and limitations.

BREEDERS decide their policy on authorization, BREEDERS decide their policy on authorization, including conditions/limitationsincluding conditions/limitations

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CompulsoryActs done:• privately and for non-commercial

purposes• for experimental purposes• breeding other varieties (breeder’s

exemption)OptionalFarm-saved seed

Exceptions to the Breeder’s Right

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CompulsoryCompulsoryActs done:Acts done:•• privately and for nonprivately and for non--commercial commercial

purposespurposes• for experimental purposes• breeding other varieties (breeder’s

exemption)OptionalFarm-saved seed


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• Compulsory

• propagation of a variety by a farmer exclusively for the production of a food crop to be consumed entirely by that farmer and the dependents of the farmer living on that holding

therefore“subsistence farming” where these constitute acts done privately and for non-commercial purposes, may be considered by a UPOV member to be excluded from the scope of the breeder’s right

(i) Acts done privately and for non-commercial purposes(i) Acts done privately and for non-commercial purposes

Acts Possibly falling within the scope of the exception


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CompulsoryActs done:• privately and for non-commercial

purposes• for experimental purposes• breeding other varieties (breeder’s

exemption)OptionalOptionalFarmFarm--saved seedsaved seed


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A Contracting Party may restrict breeder’s rights in order to permit farmers to use for propagating permit farmers to use for propagating purposes on their own holdingspurposes on their own holdings the product of the product of the harvest obtained on their own holdingsthe harvest obtained on their own holdings from the protected variety within reasonable limits within reasonable limits subject to safeguarding legitimate interests of subject to safeguarding legitimate interests of the breederthe breeder

[Article 15(2) and Recommendation of the Diplomatic Conference]


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CompulsoryCompulsoryActs done:• privately and for non-commercial

purposes• for experimental purposes•• breeding other varieties (breederbreeding other varieties (breeder’’s s

exemption)exemption)OptionalFarm-saved seed


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THE BREEDER’S EXEMPTION: Example

Commercialization

ProtectedVariety A

Breeder 1

Variety B

Breeder 2

* Except for:(i) varieties which are essentially derived from the protected variety, where the protected variety is not itself an essentially derived variety,(ii) varieties which are not clearly distinguishable in accordance with Article 7 from the protected variety and(iii) varieties whose production requires the repeated use of the protected variety.

Breeder 3

Variety C

Authorizationof Breeder 1

NOTrequired*


NOT required


NOT required


NOT required

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PREVIEW


BREEDERSBREEDERS

CONSUMERSCONSUMERS



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35


BREEDERSBREEDERS

CONSUMERSCONSUMERS



Tech

nolo

gy

Tech

nolo

gy

Tran

sfer

Tran

sfer Breeder’s Right

andExceptions

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Seminar on PVP & Technology Transfer:the Benefits of Public-Private PartnershipApril 11-12, 2011

Closing remarks by the ChairsClosing remarks by the Chairs

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Chair: Enriqueta Molina Conclusions – Session 1

Plant Variety Protection:Plant Variety Protection:

•• Promotes private sector involvement in research and developmentPromotes private sector involvement in research and development

•• A tool for technology transfer A tool for technology transfer

•• Provides a legal framework for financial investment Provides a legal framework for financial investment

•• Encourages innovation in breeding aims, particularly for the devEncourages innovation in breeding aims, particularly for the development elopment

of new or niche markets of new or niche markets

•• Focuses investment on meeting the needs of farmers and consumersFocuses investment on meeting the needs of farmers and consumers

Use of Plant Variety Protection by National Research CentersUse of Plant Variety Protection by National Research Centers

1. Ryudai Oshima, NARO

2. Jenn James, Grasslanz

3. Shadrack R. Moephuli, ARC

4. Filipe de Moraes Teixeira, EMBRAPA

5. Yves Lespinasse, INRA

Chair: Enriqueta Molina

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PVP: Returns on Research Investment




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37,9 38,5 35,6 39,1 38,5 37,0 36,6 35,0 36,9 37,8 37,8 40,2 43,9 47,4 49,0 47,3 45,4

57,9

68,4

68,3

76,081,1

73,6

78,4

76,6

82,4

83,0

100,3

96,7

123,2

119,1113,9

119,9130,0

90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07*

P r

o d

u c

t i o

n

A r e

a

( in

mill

ions

of h

ecta

res

and

ton

s )

PVP Law

PRODUCTION

PLANTED AREA




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Chair: Kitisri Sukhapinda Conclusions – Session 2

Private sector:

• An effective means of delivering varieties to farmers

Technology Transfer by the Private Sector

1. Willi Wicki , DSP

2. Barry Barker, Masstock Arable

3. Diego Risso, URUPOV

4. Evans Sikinyi, KY

Chair: Kitisri Sukhapinda

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Private sector:

• An effective means of delivering varieties to farmers

• Assessment of the market potential of varieties

• Link between public research and the needs of farmers

• Provides a channel for income for public sector research

• Facilitates strategic associations and coordinated technology transfer

1. Willi Wicki , DSP

2. Barry Barker, Masstock Arable

3. Diego Risso, URUPOV

4. Evans Sikinyi, KY

Chair: Kitisri Sukhapinda

Chair: Kitisri Sukhapinda Conclusions – Session 2Technology Transfer by the Private Sector

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Variety development Final Evaluation

Maintenance breeding,Basic seed production,PVR protection,Variety representation in Switzerland, in Europe and worldwide

Public funding (Agroscope)

Private funding (DSP Ltd), source: Royalty fees from protected varieties

Final Evaluation

Task sharing and part of public and private funding of the Swiss wheat breeding program




Wilhem Wicki

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PVR and Nucleus Seed

Production and

Processing

Market Delivery

ValueCreated

Product Created

Ownership secured

Inventory buildup

Farmerdelivery

Cultivar Concept and Collaboration

Plant Breeding and

Evaluation

Opportunity identified

Productsupport

Project Stage

Primary Driver

Project Contributions

AgResearch: Plant Breeding and innovation, education

Grasslanz: Plant Variety Protection, nucleus seed, finance, project coordination, stewardship.

Seed Company: Seed production and processing, marketing, finance, royalties, knowledge transfer.

Plant Variety Development

GrasslanzSeed CompanyAgResearch

AgResearch Grasslanz Seed Company Seed CompanyGrasslanzSeed CompanyAgResearch

Jenn JamesUPOV SEMINAR ON UPOV SEMINAR ON

PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER:

THE BENEFITS OF PUBLICTHE BENEFITS OF PUBLIC--PRIVATE PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPARTNERSHIP

Geneva, April 11 and 12, 2011Geneva, April 11 and 12, 2011

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• PVP provides a mechanism to facilitate dissemination of varieties to

farmers: open access does not ensure widespread dissemination or use

Chair: David Boreham Conclusions – Session 3

International Research Centers

1. Lloyd Le Page, CGIAR

2. Ruaraidh Sackville Hamilton, IRRI

3. Ian Barker, Syngenta

Chair: David Boreham

• PVP provides a system to increase availability of varieties suited to

farmers’ needs

• PVP provides incentives for SME’s, particularly local breeders and seed

distributors

• The breeders’ exemption provides a mechanism to facilitate access to germplasm

• The use of PVP is consistent with the ITPGRFA and SMTA

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SUMMARY


BREEDERSBREEDERS

CONSUMERSCONSUMERS


Tech. Transfer / Added valueTech. Transfer / Added value

Tech

nolo

gy

Tech

nolo

gy

Tran

sfer

Tran

sfer

Know

ledg

e &

inco

me

Know

ledg

e &

inco

me

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THANK YOU

wipo seminar ppip

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