wired - neuroscience & digital media - outback therapeutic expeditions
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Jason Calder, LMFT, CMHCJason Calder, LMFT, CMHC
WiredNeuroscience and
Digital Media
![Page 2: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cyber Big-Bang
![Page 3: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Mark 1 Computer, Harvard, 1944
![Page 4: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
You are working with the first generation of teens in the history of mankind who have had
access to the internet from birth onward.
![Page 5: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Is it an addiction or an Impulse Control Disorder or what??
![Page 6: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Presentation Overview• Brain Development• Neurocognitive profile• The Internet• Video games• Social media• The role of wilderness
therapy
![Page 8: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Poor impulse control can lead to major problems.
![Page 11: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hunter/Gatherer Brain
![Page 12: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What is the neurocognitive profile associated with difficulty managing
digital media?
![Page 13: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Neurocognitive profile• Low inhibition • Multi-taskers• Working memory problems• Overactive reward center• ADHD• Sleep-deprivation
![Page 14: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
InhibitionResearch shows that teens often respond to emotional decisions from the amygdala (emotional centers) whereas adults in these same situations show neural activity in the frontal lobes (executive abilities, pros vs cons, etc.)
![Page 15: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Introduction
Method
Figure/Chart here
Participants: Undergraduate students (N = 101) with a mean age of 19.05 (SD= 5.45) were recruited for the study. The sample was composed 61 females and 40 males of the following ethnicities: 62.3% White or Caucasian, 22.7% Black or African American, 4.9% Latino or Hispanic, 2.9% American Indian or Alaskan Native, 0.9% Asian or Alaskan Native, and 5.9% indicated “other.”
Procedure: Participants completed ratings scales in an auditorium classroom setting.
EF Measure: The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF-A; Roth, Isquith, Gioia, 2005) is a 75 item self-report measure that assess individual’s ability to self-regulate in daily environments. For the current study, Global EF scores and two index scores, namely Behavior Regulation and Metacognition were utilized.
Internet Addition Measures: The Internet Addition Test (Young, 1998) is a 20 item self-report measure that assesses level of internet addiction, or the degree that internet use is causing problems in life.
Predicting Addictive Use of the Internet with Executive Functioning Dimensions
Seth J. Marshall Ph.D., Michelle Batrez, & Kelsie L. Vaughn Middle Tennessee State University
Measures M SD 1. 2. 3. 4.
1. Internet Addiction 36.43 17.79 .33** .34** .28**
2. Global Executive Functioning 114.24 23.49 .90** .96**
3. EF Behavioral Regulation 48.32 10.32 .74**
4. EF Metacognition 65.92 14.84
The purpose of this study was to investigate how, and to what extent, core dimensions of executive functioning (EF) predicted college students’ addictive use of the internet.
Problematic internet use can lead to consequences in daily life and considerable distress (e.g., Aboujaoude, 2010; Tang, Yu, Du, Ma, Zhang, & Wang, 2014). Theoretically, EF difficulties with stopping/controlling impulses and problems holding information in mind may contribute to internet addiction. To address this, the current study investigated how EF behavior regulation skills (e.g., inhibitory control) and metacognitive skills (e.g., working memory and planning), together and independently, predicted levels of addictive internet use.
Results
Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations for Predictor and Outcome Variables (N=101)
Higher internet scores indicate increased problems caused by internet useHigher executive functioning scores indicate increased problems with self-regulationAll scores based on raw scores. **p<.01
Discussion
The linear combination of the EF Behavioral Regulation Index (e.g., inhibitory control) and the EF Metacognitive Index (e.g., working memory) was significantly related to students’ internet addiction scores, R2 = .12, adjusted R2
= .10, F(2, 98) = 6.51, p <=.01. Together, the EF indexes accounted for approximately 12% of the variance of internet addiction scores in the sample.
After controlling for the effects of the Metacognition Index scores, the EF Behavioral Regulation Index accounted for a significant proportion of the variance of internet addiction scores, R2 change = .04, F (1, 98) = 4.50, p=.04. However, the EF Metacognition Index did not predict significantly over and above the Behavior Regulation Index scores, R2 change =.00, F(1, 98) =1.78, p=.68.
BRIEF Behavior
.51 .24 .30 2.1 .04 .34 .21 .20
BRIEF Metacognition
.07 .17 .06 .42 .68 .28 .04 .04
R2 .12
Variable B SEB Beta t p Zero-Order
Partial Part
Regression analysis of EF Behavior Regulation and EF Metacognition Predicting Internet Addiction Problems (N=101)
As theorized, participants’ EF skills indeed predicted levels of addictive internet use. Regarding EF behavior regulation skills, difficulty inhibiting impulses contributed to unhealthy internet outcomes such as staying online longer than intended, neglecting responsibilities and relationships, sleep loss, off-line internet preoccupation, and problems cutting down time spent online. Conversely, stronger inhibitory control skills were linked to resisting internet over-use, increased time and responsibility management, and exerting emotional control.
Moreover, in this study, EF behavioral regulation skills better predicted internet use in comparison to EF metacognition skills. This may imply that inhibitory control skills are more predictive of internet use when compared to metacognition skills such as working memory and the ability to plan and organize.
Southeastern Psychological Association Annual Meeting, South Carolina, March 18-21, 2015
![Page 16: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Multi-Tasking?
![Page 17: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Inhibition p.2• Difficulties with inhibition and behavioral
regulation are related to a host of negative outcomes such as learning difficulties, externalizing behavior, and ADHD symptoms (Barkley, Murphy, & Kwasnik, 1996; Bohlin, Eniger, Brocki, & Thorell, 2012; Hammond, Potenza, & Mayes, 2011).
![Page 18: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Multi-tasking• Improvements in multi-tasking
hampers our ability to think deeply & creatively.
• Multi-tasking is never as efficient as focusing on one thing at a time.
![Page 19: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
“To be everywhere is to be nowhere.”
-Seneca (4BC-65AD)
![Page 20: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Seeing Eye Peoplehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNyTqIsrk0w
![Page 21: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Multi-Tasking p.2• Stanford University found that heavy
multitaskers:–More easily distracted by irrelevant
stimuli–Significantly less control of working
memory–Much less able to maintain
concentration
![Page 22: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Working memoryTransferring information from working memory into long-term memory is similar to filling a bathtub with a small thimble. When we read a book, we fill the bathtub (long-term memory) steadily with a single faucet (our working memory), drip by drip. With the internet, our thimble overflows as we rush from one faucet to another, retaining very little in our long-term memory. And what we do transfer is often a jumble of incoherent thoughts from multiple faucets rather than a coherent stream. This thimble of working memory is referred to as our cognitive load.
![Page 24: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Paper books are associated with greater retention &
comprehension
![Page 25: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Does the internet create ADHD-like brains?
• Hyperlinks create:– Increased confusion–Decreased comprehension–Decreased retention–Disorientation
• Evaluating hyperlinks over-taxes our working memory and leads to “cognitive overload”
![Page 26: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
HYPERMEDIA!!!
![Page 27: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Overactive Reward SystemThe reward system is a group of neural structures that are critically involved in mediating the effects of reinforcement. A reward is any kind of exciting stimulus that alters our behavior. Rewards typically serve as reinforcers. A reinforcer is something that, when presented after a behavior, causes the probability of that behavior's occurrence to increase.
![Page 28: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Reward System: Pavlov’s Dog
![Page 29: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Less D2 receptors = greater risk
![Page 31: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Reward System: Delta FosBCauses expression in GluR2 & is very sensitive to dopamine. Glutamate receptors are often responsible for learning, which make the neuron more sensitive to whatever state it was in when the receptors were opened. GluR2's sensitivity to dopamine means it's responsible for learning what brings pleasure.Another enzyme effected by Delta-FosB is named Cdk5. It’s responsible for desensitization of the neuron to dopamine. So, the more Cdk5 present in a neuron, the more dopamine needed to elicit a response. The net effect is that the more of an addictive drug you take or the more of a pleasurable activity you participate in, the better you learn to like the surroundings, situations, and feelings associated with it, and the more you have to take of it to get the same feeling again.
![Page 32: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ADHD prevalence rates (US)
![Page 34: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
People spend an average of 19 to 27 seconds
browsing a website…
![Page 35: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Effects of Sleep Deprivation• Sleep deprivation impairs attention,
concentration, reasoning & problem solving• Lack of sleep can contribute to the symptoms
of depression• Sleep deprivation makes us forgetful• Poor sleep habits make people more
impulsive, inattentive, and interferes with their decision making abilities
• Sleep deprivation leads to issues like weight gain and high blood pressure
![Page 36: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Sleep Deprivation effects Judgment
“Studies show that over time, people who are getting six hours of sleep, instead of seven or eight, begin to feel that they’ve adapted to that sleep deprivation -- they’ve gotten used to it,” Gehrman says. “But if you look at how they actually do on tests of mental alertness and performance, they continue to go downhill. So there’s a point in sleep deprivation when we lose touch with how impaired we are.”
![Page 38: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Is the internet really all that bad?
• Improves our scanning & decoding ability
• British study shows that avid internet users are able to determine how reliable the medical information is on particular websites within only a few seconds.
• As with anything we should strive to find moderation in our internet use.
![Page 39: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Web surfing keeps older minds sharp, similar to the effects of playing Scrabble or doing crossword puzzles.
![Page 40: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Neuroscience findings:the role of video games
![Page 41: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
2015 ESA Data
• 42% of Americans play video or computer games at least 3 hours per week
• 56% of gamers are male, 44% are female• The average age of gamers is 35• 2x more adult female gamers than young
male gamers (33% vs 15%)• Everquest gamers spend an average of 22
hours playing per week
![Page 42: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Metroid; my addiction in 6th grade
![Page 44: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Potential Benefits of Gaming• May increase visual focus, visual field
identification & visual-attentional processing• Burn patients undergoing painful procedures
with Virtual Reality coupled with morphine report less pain than patients using morphine alone
• Casual video gaming (90mins/wk) is shown to decrease state & trait anxiety in some patients
• Laparoscopic surgeons who play more than 3 hours of video games per week made 40% less errors than those who do not
![Page 45: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Exercise-based video games can improve walking, muscular strength, and balance in elderly people.
![Page 46: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Impacts of compulsive gaming 1• Interactive screen time is much worse for you than
passive. Interactivity keeps the user engaged by providing control, choices, and immediate gratification. These same attributes activate reward circuits and lead to prolonged, compulsive, and even addictive use.
• Chronic gamers (2-7hrs/day) evidence suppressed functioning in frontal lobes.
• Gaming addiction may cause damage to the prefrontal cortex. The NIRS-EEG and simultaneous recording during game play found a decrease of β band and oxygen-hemoglobin which persisted after game play was concluded.
![Page 47: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Impacts of compulsive gaming 2• Sleep and memory are significantly impaired
following a single session of excessive computer game playing, while a single session of excessive television viewing produced only mild sleep impairment and had no effect on memory.
• Chronic gaming can produce autism-like traits in some teens due to the lack of social & emotional reciprocity inherent in gaming.
• Actual brain damage occurs from excessive internet and video game use that looks remarkably similar to that from drug and alcohol abuse.
![Page 48: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Impacts of compulsive gaming 3• Brain activity is incredibly limited during video
game use. Rather than using their frontal lobes many gamers use only the areas responsible for vision and movement during game play.
• Gaming increases blood pressure, heart rate & impacts autonomic nervous system, resulting in stress-related chemical release.
• Excessive VGP is associated with delayed development in extensive regions of the brain resulting in lower intelligence and decreased verbal abilities.
![Page 49: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
“Electronic Screen Syndrome”
Client experiences difficulties at
home/school/socially due to bio/psych/social/enviro
factors.
Stress and dysregulation ensue which effects mood,
learning, sleep, physical health & social
interactions.
Interactive screen time induces fight or flight
(hyperarousal) & overstimulation,
compounding stress.
Electronic Screen Syndrome
![Page 50: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
APA’s meta-analysis of 2015:Violent video game play is linked to
increased aggression in players. Insufficient evidence exists about
whether the link extends to criminal violence or delinquency.
![Page 52: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Video Game Withdrawal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lNSTyABOgs
![Page 53: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
UCLA meta-analysis of 2009• In reviewing more than 50 studies on how
media effects the brain, Patricia Greenfield found:– Develops some cognitive skills at expense of
others– Visual-spatial skills improve dramatically– Decreased ability to process information deeply– Decreased inductive analysis & critical thinking– Impaired imagination and ability to reflect
![Page 54: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Social Medianeurological benefits and impacts
![Page 56: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
L’Aquila, Italy earthquake of 2009
![Page 57: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
facebook• 82% of young adults maintain an active social media
account.• 1.44 Billion monthly active Facebook users• 70% are active daily, 43% several times per day• 62% of American adults use Facebook.• Facebook users are 53% female and 47% male.• There are 1.25 billion mobile active users• Smartphone users check facebook an average of 14
times per day• 48% of teens & young adults check facebook every
morning, 28% before they even get out of bed!
![Page 58: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
People have just gotta share!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soAk3F0wX9s
![Page 60: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
“Facebook Brain” = similar to brains of cocaine addicts but
with less inhibited impulsivity.
![Page 61: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Other impacts of compulsive SM use
• The more time a woman spends on Facebook, the more likely she is to dislike her appearance.
• FOMO = Fear Of Missing Out• Depression and comparing one’s achievements to others go
hand in hand for young men.• Facebook addiction was a significant predictor of
narcissistic behavior and low levels of self-esteem among students.
• Negative correlation of psychological well-being among users that accessed Facebook for making new friends as opposed to those who use facebook for maintaining current friendships.
![Page 62: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Screen-addicted brains show loss of white matter integrity
![Page 63: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Hebb’s Rule:the neurons that fire together wire together.This also means that the neurons that DON’T fire together WON’T wire together
![Page 64: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
The Original “Jay-Z”
• J.Z. Young: proposed the idea of synaptic pruning during a BBC lecture in 1950
![Page 65: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
"If a teen is doing music or sports or academics, those are the cells and
connections that will be hardwired. If they're lying on the couch or playing video games or MTV, those are the
cells and connections that are going to survive.“
-Dr. Jay Giedd, from the National Institute of Mental Health
![Page 66: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
The role of wilderness therapy“May the Peace of the Wilderness be with you.”
![Page 67: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Teens should be encouraged to get out more.
![Page 68: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Wilderness therapy helps to realign
circadian rhythms
![Page 70: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Some teens don’t know what true nutrition looks like. With technology out
of the way they are taught what nutrition truly means.
![Page 71: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Wilderness invites mindfulness
![Page 72: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Healing effects of nature
• After spending time in a quiet rural setting close to nature people exhibit greater attentiveness, stronger memory and generally improved cognition.
• Being close to nature helps boost a child’s attention span (Wells, 2000)
• Green outdoor spaces foster creative play, improve children’s access to positive adult interaction and relieves the symptoms of ADD (Taylor, 2001)
![Page 74: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Healing effects of nature p.2
• Time in nature significantly improved people's performance on cognitive tests, indicating a substantial increase in peoples’ attentiveness. Spending time in the natural world seems to be of vital importance to affective cognitive function (Bergman, 2008)
• Gallbladder surgery patients who had a view of trees healed faster than those who did not (Frumkin, 2001).
• Children who live in high-nature conditions show less psychological distress during life stressors than kids in low-nature conditions (Wells, 2003)
![Page 75: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Healing effects of nature p.3
Joggers who exercise in natural green settings feel more restored, less anxious, less angry, and less depressed than people who burn the same number of calories in gyms or other buildings (Pretty, 2005)
![Page 76: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Wilderness promotes social success
• 5 days in a wilderness program improves client’s abilities to recognize nonverbal cues (Uhls, 2014).
![Page 77: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=is5W6GxAI3c
![Page 78: Wired - Neuroscience & Digital Media - Outback Therapeutic Expeditions](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062903/58ed8f521a28ab456c8b4635/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
(385) 315-9279
If you’d like a copy of this presentation, references, or have any questions: